Saturday live coverage of president ial candidates at the iowa state fair continues. We will hear from Chris Christie at noon and bobby jindel and then on sunday Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker holds a meeting. And then we are live at the Minneapolis Book testival. On sunday morning at 10, author and columnist chairs her critical thoughts on the relationship with millennials. And helping improve relationships between the public after the king assassination and the riots. In his book, bibliotech john palfrey talks about some of the challenges libraries face. He is head of school at the Phillips Academy in massachusetts and the Founding Member of the digital Public Library. He talked at the free library in philadelphia earlier this year. Good evening, everyone. I would like to remind you no flash photography is presented during the event. Following the event a book signing will take place in the lobby and dont forget most of the author events are offered as podcast at freelibrary. Org. I am a librarian here and i am excited to introduce john palfrey who is the leading scholar on issues of emerging media and authority for internet freedom, transparency and accountability. He is the head of school at phill phill phill Phillips Academy and the board of directors at the Digital Library. His latest book, bibliotech argues for the necessity of finding and using the reservoir of online systems and the adaptive roles of libraries teaching this skill. It is said he challenges us to keep the library relevant as an information resource, archive, Community Gathering and a cornerstone of democracy for informed citizenry. Please join me in welcoming me john palfrey to the free library of philadelphia. Jennifer, thank you so much for your kind introduction and thank you andy and all of these who welcomed me to the free library of philadelphia. I could not be happier to be here to talk about this book. The amazing history philadelphia has from the library with ben franklin, a bostonian by birth and his role of shaping the libraries in this country and right here. I think we are at a historic moment when it comes to information, knowledge, and libraries. And i think this spans across education, journalism, and libraries. I think they in an interesting way connected and hinge on the same questions about whether in the digital age we can make institutions affective. I think there is a risk they may not be. Part of what was driving me to do this project and work on this book, bibliotech, was a series of conversations i have had over the years with people that surprised me on this question. And they are gone through this way five or six years ago, ken being the head of the library, the harvard law which in academic was the biggest one. I was a law professor by training. There are lots of great librarians there. It wasnt a dangerous situation but it was surprised where people were surprised why i was working in the library. I had the same conversation a whole bunch of times over and over again at a backyard bbq or Cocktail Party where someone would say what are you up to. I would say teaching at a law school but about to start running a library and they would look at me funny and say why would you do that. You are not a librarian and i would say it is true, not trained as a librarian but think they are important. They would say you are the digital guy and now we have google you dont need libraries and you will shutdown the libraries and i would say no, i think they are more important by every. But by then my friend is off in another direction and i would never be back to make the case of why libraries are more important, not less so in the age of google. I decided to write a book and it is more important than every to have libraries in the digital age. I happen to believe it. In some respect i was inspired by this picture which comes from the image evolved we have at harvard law library. I doubt anybody in the audience is going to guess but this is the private library of william junior. He was a law professor and became a Supreme Court justice. This is his private library in washington, d. C. I like the picture for a lot of reasons. It just appeals to me. I love the idea of sitting in that chair in the middle of this room and thinking about mr. Justice holmes writing his opinions and for law professors you know he wrote wonderful opinions and he wrote clangers as well. No doubt he was inspired by all of this knowledge surrounding him in the form of the books. You can imagine him standing up and grabbing a book off the shelf, reading it and sitting down and writing more opinions. And today and the principal of the high school Phillips Academy with kids between the age of 1418 and i think about what kind of a learning environment are we creating for kids like the particular environments here. What would it be like for these kids to have a place where they would be inspired the same way mr. Justice holmes would be in this particular moment. I am imaging it will not look the same. Maybe they would be inspired. As a Library Director, and thinking about the kids at andover, it is clear when kids go into this, they dont do a lot of this. At harvard law and the library at hoour high school the tables are full. They are not taking a lot of books off the shelve. They have computers and might have a book they were assigned but they are not there for the stack. So the question is if the point isnt to be a collection of books for these kids, how do we make just as inspiring and wonderful case when in fact much of the location is not located in this physical form. The reason to come to the library is not necessarily for the physical object and i think that is an important challenge. The other part is there is a public view that libraries are not as necessary for a variety of reasons. This is a recent quote i happen to find on the amazon page for the book i wrote and it is just somebody who happen to comment and didnt like the book for a variety reason, but one was he disgreed about the premise of the libraries and said they were on their way out and being squeez squeezed financially until they can no longer provide service. It is not uncommon to be in a town or city and see the pressure on libraries. At a local level where most of the funding comes from we know you have to make a decision between supporting the fire department, police department, schools or library. And my via is the money is show short to support the library and the payback is great it is crazy to cut libraries but we know that pressure comes every year on libraries. I was so glad to see that the Pen Foundation supported this library with 25 million. The biggest. But that is private flan stepping forward. You look at the state level and there is a lot of pressure on libraries. I gave a talk about this book in kansas city at the wonderful kansas city Public Library. The governor of missouri was making a plan to state the funding for libraries and 75 young people went up and did a sitin in the Governors Office and was thrown out by the state police which was dramatic and exciting but it was a showdown about state funding for libraries. And a junior at our high school is one of the kids who was involved in that protest. I was very excited she was acting with such civil di disobedien disobedience. And at the frivederal level president obama, who i respect very much, included cuts at the federal level. We are pressure on libraries and at the same time more need than over for their services. How do we make a positive argument for libraries in the digital age . I think that is important for our democracy. I think it all goes back in some respects to why we had Public Libraries, Free Libraries to begin with. A lot of the history dates back to the middle of the 19th century. A most important part about it in my view is if you can see just above the door are three amazing words which are free to all. I still get chills every time i see them. The idea you should have an institution when the whole point saying no matter how much you have or the education level you should have access to the knowledge that is necessary for your to be informed and engaged and delighted in the democracy. And the fact that this seemed radical in 1850 is amazing because now it seems obvious. But the movement for Public Libraries kicks off at this moment. I realize that is why i should have had the fifth picture, the free library in philadelphia. That is a few years later in history but growing from civil pride and importance. The carnegie libraries as well are part of that. There has been an incredible expansion in libraries and we are at another moment where we have to think about the next chapter of Public Libraries and libraries of all sorts. The reason i think it is crucial is increasingly the knowledge we create and cuerate in society is not to say we will not have books. That is not the argument. I think this particular technology is a great one. It is Great Holding the material in this format but when we create information it is provided in additional format but three these devices that are mobile and cloud based. Crucial to part of this story is also those who hold the knowledge in the cloud are private actors by and large. If you look at the names in any image of the cloud it is almost all private companies. There are not public spaces online in the same way we have public spaces in the analog world and physical world. I think that matters. I think it could matter because if we dont in fact keep information in public hands, knowledge in public hands and provide access on a free to all bases in the digital era i think it could make problems worse between the haves and have foughts. Nots imagine a world in which libraries only have meter access to information held online when people who have access to funds can buy whatever they want and bring it on their kindle. That is not a great outcome for libraries. It is not a crazy potential problem. A few years ago in particular, those who worked in libraries know there have been a series of tussles between publishers and libraries about trying to figure out the bases on which we will lend electronic books to individuals. Just out of curiosity, if you were to read a novel would prefer it in a printed format . Very Strong Majority of the crowd. How many people prefer an ebook . I would say it depends on how big the book is. I would say that is about a quarter of the audience. How many people are more or less agnostic and happy to be in either format . I am in the third category. At night i like this. But on the plane it is much easier to have all of the books on the kindle. It is a wonderful thing except when the battery runs out or you are taking off or landing and not allowed to use it. It is people who the growth is in the third category. People who actually often like digital books as well as physical books. People who buy a lot of digital books buy a large number of physical books. The habits are changing. At the same time, publishers are worried about what their Business Model is going to look like. Many publishers have not allowed libraries to license on the same terms as physical books as ebooks. Particularly the most valuable and sought after books. Off the bat, librarians are in a difficult position. In a digital era can they do the same things they did in an analog area. You think about the role of a librarian of bringing physical objects to a place and lend it out. That is wonderful and important. Once they bought the book under u. S. Law you could tear it up, give it to someone else, sell it at a secondhand bookstore and librarians have broad rights to do what they want. In a Digital World it is not so. Librarians go from being owners of the physical material to leasers of the material. If they stop paying the licenses to the book sellers, the to publishers, they might not have a collection. It is a very different world. And some of the contractors have been annoying. Some say you cannot read it allow if you have an ebook form. One was an early agreement between Book Publishers and libraries and in that the libraries were told you may lend it 26 times if you buy it. If you purchase it you may lend it 26 times on the premise the goes away after that. So hard to imagine. A physical object would have gone away. That rule has not held up particular as the way books are sold. But you see the problem. Librarians may be in the position not to do the free lending. That is not a great version of the future to me if, in the digital era, there is no potential for broad access we have less access for the public on a freetoall bases and we need to figure out how to head that off. The exciting part, from my perspective, is we are at a moment where we can design a Bright Future and we can imagine a different kind of a future to build from. This image shows the building of Boston Public Library and you can imagine a similar image of the building of this particular structure here. Why i like this moment is that i think we are, as we were 150 years ago, at a moment where we can figure out what we want to future of libraries to be when it is combination of the digital and analog. I think we are at a moment where we can step forward we can create something vastly better that builds upon the best of what librarians have done and public and private libraries and what is happening in silicone valley and on the web that has brought us very broad access and exciting developments in technology. I think we have to think like designers and have to build like innovators in new and exciting ways. I often think about this particular design which is the building that i worked in at Harvard Law School. This is the side elevation of lang dale hall. If you imagine what it was like to build a Great Library like this. You imagine process people went through. It involves bringing together architects, teachers, librarians and imagine a space for teaching, for people to come in ask do work and think about these environments. I think we are at a similar moment where we need to bring together the information architects of the digital age with the librarians and users of today along with people who have designed physical and Digital Spaces and i think this is a moment where we can make something that is really, really exciting. If you scroll back a little over a century you may any of the language in the charter for the free library of philadelphia. There was a commitment on the part of the city to build the free library for the people of use of philadelphia, general library that is free to all, same language above the Boston Public Library. This is the moment to pivot. Building an institution and a set of systems that will support the public in a similar way only in a digital era. Several years ago, a group of people came together and this happened at an institute in cambridge, massachusetts, where a group of 40 people made a commitment where they wanted to build something that will be a platform for open distributed network of online resources to draw from universities, archives, museums and educate and empower everyone. This sounds like a crazy, naive thing to say on one level but it sounds like a commitment that would support them in ways that are designed for the digital area and connect the digital and analog. You might say they sounds but what do we need to create such a thing. We need to setback and say what are the elements of the libraries in the digital age . What do we need to create that will be supportive of libraries . Not in any case of replacement of what happens in a physical space like this but something that is going to support it. I think people that serve the libraries whether it is research or public, and ultimately i think it is about training and development of humans. It is thinking about libraries in structurally a different way. One of the arguments i make in the book and think we need to pivot toward is stop thinking about libraries as individual n institutions and see them as platforms. I think this is important tech nilogical speak. I think in this moment, one thing libraries can do best is draw on other aspects of innovation in our society. I think there has been so much amazing developments whether in silicone valley or places with very large commitments to rnd in the Technology World to develop things that libraries havent done yet. I think if we take those same techniques that made the internet and web so powerful and apply them with the kinds of skills and commitment librarians have i think we can make something terrific and do it in a collaborative way. If you think about libraries not being stand alone institutions all trying to collect the same objects in a competitive way. And i know when working as a librarian at harvard there was a sense if we had the biggest stack of books we had the best library. I think that is an old way of thinking. Rather how can we collaborate to serve the communities we have. Thinking about the digital Public Library of america, we thought about building a platform that will support all libraries and be something that will bring both materials together, but also to bring people together in a way that is productive. This is, i think, the most technical my slides get for this presentation. What it is describing is an open system with lots of open codes th that technoligist can share and anybody can export that information and create different forms of it to serve particular communities. So four years after that commitment to make an Online National library, which we have, it can be found online. If you have a smart phone urics go to dp. La and access the digital Public Library of america. It has contributions from 1600 institutions and more than 10 million objects all curated by librarians. The National Archives have material, and the smithsonian and the big Public Library in new york, and the university of virginia digitalized hundreds of objects and any library or person can take those materials and download and do whatever they want with those particular materials through this website. And ultimately we are seeking to build something that will be a truly national resource. You can see from this map that the map of the country is filling up. The notion is for every state we hope to have a hub that will allow people to digitalize material and share them. A third of the country is now covered. You will notice pennsylvania is a hub in development. We are hoping that before too long this library and others in the state will have a mode for digitizing the unique resources here and sharing them on a National Level. This is an example from massachusetts lit up in the red color over there. In massachusetts, the way it works is there is a statewide system run out of the boston puplic library called the digital commonwealth. There are 351 cities and towns in that. And what we want to enable and do enable is for any institution, if you are a local society or a little school, you can say come to our Historical Society and bring the things you think are unique and scan them. Then the librarians do the critical work of adding meta data, catalog records effectively, and then that goes into the state wide system. The massachusetts digital commonwealth and with the digital Public Library of america and then in the National System so these little collections that are all around the country can be pulled up into the this National System and accessed from anywhere. You can imagine it is an exciting idea. That the Cultural Resources and Historical Resources from all around the country can be accessed in the same way. You might thing that is what the web does anyway. It turns out the way we have been digitizing materials is actually hard to access things that are held in different hands. We spent millions of dollars digitizing aspects of the harvard collect but it is hard to find them. Before too long the digital system will have a scan a bego system. And the idea is we would get win begoes and outfit them with scanners in the back and retired librarians or Library Students or volunteers driving across the country in the vans and pull up in town and say bring out your scans and people would bring out you you netwo unique paragrap books and they would get scanned and the person driving figures out the meta data. So it writes itself. I have written a letter to the head of the win bego company who hasnt replied. We might have to call it the airstream if we cannot get those to work. But you get the point. There is, i think, across the country an Amazing Store of knowledge. And there is no reason it has to be cooped up local. I think we could have an extroidinary resource that would combine great libraries like the free library of philadelphia and the National Archives and Harvard University and university of Pennsylvania Library with all of these other collections. You can imagine the new knowledge we would create if in fact we had those materials together. It would be like creating the Digital Library of alexandria people have imagined. I think it could be insight. It would not replace libraries but supplement libraries. It would be something that be be helpful for taking advantage of what is in other hands and amplify the work of other libraries. I think the idea is to improve upon the facts that have been wonderful in the analog area. One of the fears i think many of us is we transition from the analog era to the digital era and we will lose some of the ways we learned in the past. One of the areas is serendipity so you may have an image of going into the stack or column number and you would see the book you are after and see all of these other books someone put over there and other books over here and as you walk out with your arms full of book you came out with nine books but only had a call number for one. This amazing idea of getting into a space and the information is well organized and if you are a little curious you cannot help but learn these things. You might think the same way about the New York Times in the morning or the philadelphia inquire. The notion that when you read a story that is here. You didnt know you were interested in the stories laid out but clever journalist provided information in a way that serindipity informs you. That could go away. If you took the books off the shelves and didnt have facts. You might lose all of what was kind of around the book and that is one fear. Another fear people have is that maybe what would in fact be presented as the other things in the serendipity environment could be created by a private environment. If you think about where many of the recommendations come from these days it is very different than having people who are scholars in the field and knowledgeable librarians thinking about a rrraying the information for you. This is just one tiny example of that called stack view or stack lite. This is an application that has been built to work with the digital Public Library of america and meant to address the question of serindipity and saying can we create a digital browsing environment that is different but positive. So the example that is up here is of somebody coming, in this particular schuss case, the harvard collection and searching on gravitys rainbow. Think of a graduate student doing this search and one of the interesting things is there is not a lot of libraries. There is a main one and 61 branches and you have the Library Company of philadelphia and drexel and penn and lots of different libraries. Ultimately, there is actually not one stack. So we love this idea of s serendipity. But you could create the infinate stack showing all of the ing things available. There is queens, brooklyn and new york public in new york so you could show everything available. If you did it well, you could use the meta data the libraries have and relay information that is clever. The ways these books are is based on circulation data. It looks at the book is says how many times has a particular book bip cibeen circulateed been circulated. You would go into a library and wonder which version of the iliad should i read and you would find information presented this way that you would not find starring at a bunch of books in front of you. You would add a lot of intelligence making the browsing experience more poplar without what amazon or anita haidanetflg to sell to you. It will not have the musk or smell but anyways, if we were to unleash this, you have to think about solving problems people have in communities and i think this is happening in the best of libraries. This is happening in the best of digital libraries and the best of physical libraries and i think it is about creating infrastructure. Additional infrastructure that will support what is happening in physical spaces and connect those two in interesting ways to align what libraries do with what communities ultimately need. Here in philadelphia i think you are doing this well and in interesting ways. The librarys initiative that is resulting in many face spaces is looking at the needs of the community and the needs of philadelphia we can meet in Digital Space and calling upon foundations like the Penn Foundation and the knight founation to give funds to the team and figure out how we transform libraries in a way Going Forward that is powerful. Part of what we will find is not just this Digital Space and exciting applications but we need amazing physical spaces and places that inspire to bring us together and into an environment that is connected from ideas. This is from boston, the adam library, i think it is one of the most Beautiful Library spaces out there. I think it would be a shame if we didnt have these inspiring spaces. It is about combining the best of the physical with the best of the digital ultimately. What i think will bring people into the beautiful rooms is not just the architecture. This particular image makes you think of a museum or historic space. You see the reference books and some of the things libraries did to draw people into space were reference are going to go away. I think the greatest references are going to be wikipedia. It has the potential to be the best encyclopedia in the world. So for libraries to make the online spaces amazing but not rely on reference or things like to put people into the spaces as in the past. To take an image from the Library Company i think it is important to recognize the amazing presser preservation role they play and that is preserve our cultural and historical record. One experience i had as a Library Director was being surprised when on multiply occasions publishers came to me to ask for access to physical books they had because they wanted to digitize them. I would say why are you coming to me dont you have the books. And the publishers would say we own the right to them but dont hold any versions of the books we publish. This was in multiply instances. Part of it was because they had acquired companied that went out of business. Publishers are rollouts of other companies. For Profit Companies have a crucial role to play but they are not the long term players who should be preserving the culture. Public institutions like library are. Insuring in a digital and analog environment we have buildings that will be here like the Boston Library and the Big University libraries. We need the players to be in the same business to make sure we have historical and culture record over time. At the same time i think we should do this not just in local context. I argued that libraries should be serving local needs and Meeting Community needs. I think we can do this in a way that is powerful. As we create very great, local institutions and state institutions and build a national Digital Library system we should do so in a Global Environment and recognize if we imagine a series of digital libraries on a National Scale we c can imagine them connecting to one another. The First Agreement we reached was with a system in europe that is taking the National Libraries cropping up around europe and making sure when we digitize materials and they digitize materials we skr have a similar system so someone can search across them. The point is to make them similar enough to be interoperaable and work together. The first exhibit we created to demonstrate this was a joint exhibit with europe and looked ad at immigration and showed how it could be interoperable. I dont think we have to build a world wide library. That would be impossible. But i think instead of having 200 libraries the same around the world at National Level we can agree on certain things and make sure someone searching across them can find the information they need so a Global Vision is one that is highly interoperable but not being the same. We can benefits of diversity without the benefit of interconnection. This is a map of utopia. My sense is it would be great to have a utopian library of the future. I would encourage us to think about the future of libraries and seek to build toward that rather than have forces press in on libraries. If we can imagine what is a democratic serving version of the Digital Library in an analog would and build toward that would be the soundest way for the democracy. I think it is crucial to begin collaboration and key to success that we dont compete but rather agree to work together. I think a great deal turns on our ability to figure out how to create something that is a system as opposed to a series of stand alone institutions. If we do so, i am create we can create a Library System that is greater as a whole than the sum of its parts and i am totally convinced that rather than having a system it will make the gap between the have and have nots grow we can create something vastly more effective and i hope you will join me in helping to build it. Thank you so much. [applause] also hope if you have questions or disagreements, you will let us have a mike come over and ask away. Er this is for help of the creators. Someone told me in england when someone takes out a book the author gets Something Back for that. I know with the internet is the people who create the work are loosing money. It is a super important question. I think in whatever eco system or system we create it is essential that authors get paid for their work. I think it would be a terrible system if somebody couldnt, you know, try to make a livelihood as an author. I believe libraries can be a huge support for that. The collection budget i think should tcontinue to do that. No version of the future should be where authors are not made and publishers should be paid but there needs to be one with a public option at some point. I believe libraries should compensate libraries. I dont think it should bow be on the terms the publishers are asking for. I think you can imagine a perlend bases. If my book is lend ten times in the city of philadelphia and someone elses book is lent out a hundred times i would get less than the poplar book. That would be fine. There have been systems that have designed to work on that. Part of the moment is if there is going to be a Business Model and work on justice free bases like in the past and does sustain authors in ta great pas. I know there is one zone we should change the model and that is go to an open access model for scholars. Many people may work in the University Setting and some universities have taken a pledge that says when you publish an article, particularly one that has been paid for through federal research dollars, but really any article, it ought to be made available on the web as an open access journal. I feel those materials, those paid for by public, should be shared. Who would that undercut . There are publishers that would make less but i think the good for change and the good for s p scholarship would vastly outway that. I am an academic librarian. My question is about copyright. It sounds like dpla sounds like an incredible and noble project. I am ready to sign up. Please. But in dealing with access to the policy there is two giants struggles. One is copyright and dealing with that and i think it puts handcuffs on the materials. And the other is the consolidation of Media Outlets and consolidation of public radio and television. How is that impacting what you are doing . That is a very difficult topic and a good question. Lets take the journals and consolidation. One of the big concerns is getting access to scholarly journals which with run in the tens of thousands a year when a group of small and growing smaller publishers. There is some value added to be clear but the talent is out of the university or research commit asmt commitment. If you were getting a grant from a Public Foundation or resource you do the work and publish the article. Who is reviewing the article . It is one of your peers. It is Peer Reviewed by another academic. A forprofit is publishing but you say who is paying the publisher . The academic libraries. This very strange environment is created in which the talent that creates it is the author, a professor, and the talent who edits and peer reviews is it another professor and the talent who acquires is it the librarian is the one making all of the money is the forprofit publisher. So the key in this particular i dont know is in the first instance for the academics to say no. We will not publish in this way. At a minimum, we will publish but require a version be made open access. The National Institute of health and others have been helpful in this respect. Some universities, and harvard is one of them, Harvard Law School and arts and science and various schools have said we require faculty to publish this way. I would hope they would take the open access pledge not to say you cannot publish it but you are agreeing to make a version for free. It someone cant afford the money for the journal you can get access to the knowledge. Copyright law doesnt ban that. It is only about making a pledge and standing up and saying we are only going to license a certain version to the public. That is possible. The place where it is trickiest is in books which is particularly for the books that are in the modern era. And the books where no one agrees to publish and authors need to get paid to make the livelihood. As a professor, i didnt need money and you dont need it. Authors do need money for their books. That is a different arrangement and requirement different ways to address it. But you point to the gnarly topics. But i think there is more we can do with the copyright regime than we do today. As an educator, my question is how do you know digital libraries, Digital Education in general, encourages this and it will create creativity and create integrity. So if i understood the question correctly it goes to how we can teach creatively and rigor and so forth in this view environment. As an educator, i could not agree with you more that part of what we need is to insure young people are encouraged to think in a broad and innovative way. I think kids know how to work the iphone better than we do or use the web. It turns out they may have easy facility at the first part of it they need literal support to figure out more sophisticated ways. I was at the local library in n andover, mass and sat there as the kids stream passed me and they were doing a project on terminal slaws velocity. The kid turns to his phone, siri, what was terminal velocity mean. And siri had no idea. But i was thinking the librarian knows and can teach you how to find it within the library. I think having humans, whether in the digital or physical environment, is crucial to the question of being creative and innovative. I think sometimes the role of that librarian is going to shift to doing Different Things and be guides in a different way than they have been in the past. Thank you. Thank you for your discourse. I want to inquire with the curtailing in the eradication of Public Schools, libraries, i wanted to ask you did you find any idea of what schools and libraries would look like . I talk to people that work in School Libraries and they are inspiring. If you think about the scale of they are on the order of 125,000 libraries period. More than a hundred thousand are School Libraries. The bulk are public School Libraries. One of the things you can find from the survey and data is that schools that have great School Libraries have higher performance academically along the kids. You can make the argument that this is only a correlation. Not causation. It is hard to prove causation but at a minimum it is a strong correlation. If you are running a school why would you cut out the School Library . It is not a lot of money. A great person who can play a large amount of roles and doing a huge amount of teaching. I am a librarian. Excellent. This is being recorded so speak into the mike, please. I am a High School Librarian and we are at this pivotal part. I am in new jersey, but i think we asked to become the leaders in technology in our school. We asked for more and more technology and finally gotten it. Now we have been turned into computer labs for standardized testing and shutdown for weeks. We try to become essential and we are proctoring exams or if we are not the library is shuttered because it used to take them a die and now i am in a high scull with 2200 kids so it took a week to administer the first half. I dont know how we can advocate better to maintain that role in the library when there seems to be and it isnt just new jersey with standardized testing but just move libraries more toward how we struggle to find our role and keep our foot in the door. And the advent of technology is turning us into a computer lab versus a library. It sounds like the transformation is underway but there is a commitment to standardized test that is taking over the Education System in a notgood way. Next week we have a woman coming to our school who wrote a book called the test it is a great book and she is coming to talk about this. Vastly better than my book. You should read it. It looks at the question of being committed to the test. It is a very critical look but it gets out some of the reason society does it. I fear this for many libraries. If libraries turn into Community Centers having things unlrelate to the work of leverage that is a loss. Keeping the connection of teachers and connectors and connectors to ideas is essential. I hope during the other 50 weeks of the year you can make that case. But i see the tension you are pointing to. It is positive and people can understand immediately and see the value and connection to what kids do. One very particular thing, if you are thinking about the test in specifics is at least the common core has a lot around media skills. It seems to me who is better than teaching that than you guys . If you have to embrace the whole testing thing then one cooption might be to say you are the best teacher at this. We have people evaluate sources and things like that. But it is a real challenge when then the resources get locked. Right. So you are crucial we think we are. We would like to testing to go on elsewhere and take shorter period of time. I suspect lots of teachers and families will agree with you. I think that is making an important argument separately. Anyway the test is a good answer. Is there anymore . Thank you. I live in Prospect Park just out of the Philadelphia National air and and i am on the Library Board and we struggle to find things. And we are grateful to get it and we do a lot to get the library done. I fear for the kids of today because they are making so many cut and the art has disappeared and Public Schools i think that our library does a pretty good job with having arts programs and things like that for their children. So do you have any advice for Board Members with what kind of arguments can we bring to the table to help us convince Public Officials that libraries matter in a community . This is a perfect one to end on because as i write in the first chapter of the book, i actually wrote it for other people trying to make the case and specifically i wrote it for people like you who are Board Members and for people who are in decisionmaking postures like high schools like new york, select people, other people that it might be for trying to decide on the budget. That is exactly the point of the book and i hope it proves to be with useful to you and i imagine you can borrow it from your local Public Library. If you do you can use an independent bookstore to buy it as well. It is the core of my argument that these are extraordinarily important institutions to democracy is and i think that for the return you get you dont have an economic model. But i think we all know the importance to our kids and those that are trying to do creative and innovative things. And right now we are expecting the libraries to do things that they have all always done and we are expecting them to have innovative things and they are giving him the same amount of money that we have always had. And we still have more research and development today. I think that individual citizens are part of that, including the institutions that make grants and we need to get over this transition and to take advantage of our what is in front of us. So bless you for being on our Library Board and i appreciate what the plural Founding Fathers and mothers who overs you this to the free library of philadelphia, thank you for the chance to be here and have a great night. [applause] with the senate in its august break, we feature booktv programming on cspan2 starting at 8 00 p. M. Eastern in for the weekend, here are a few programs. Saturday we are live from jackson mississippi for the mississippi book festival beginning at 11 30 a. M. Eastern with discussions on harper lee in the civil war. We are live from the Nations Capital for the 15th annual National Book festival. But tv is on cspan2. Television for serious readers. On the next washington journal, the Iranian Nuclear deal and the view on efforts to combat islamic terrorism. And a look at the state of the u. S. Auto industry. Our guest is matt blunt, former missouri governor and Automotive Council policy president. And Jason Williams and talks about the organizations efforts to Reform Police practices across the u. S. You can join the conversation with your phone calls and comments on facebook and twitter, washington journal at five every morning at 7 00 a. M. East turn ons and spam. Next Jimmy Bartlett talks about his book, the dark net. He talks about hackers and how others operate. He was in interviewed in brooklyn, new york. Just in time, i was saving a seat for you. Okay, welcome and thank you for coming out tonight. I am dennis johnson, the publisher. I am particularly happy to welcome you to what is the first event in our brandnew office on bookstore located in the brooklyn neighborhood unfortunately known as dumbo. It is being filmed by booktv for later broadcast, in case youre wondering about all the equipment. At the end of the conversation we will have a weston and answer time where you can ask the speakers anything you like and please wait for the microphone once you have been called upon so that we can all hear you. Also please turn off your cell phones. Really, do it because it will bring him otherwise. Our guest is an author who is a new new yorkbased writer and whose pieces have appeared in the New York Times. It may first come to your attention or his brilliant expose of silk road and i should also note that she has an amazing article called the agency about an army that is part of the New York Times magazine. He is also part of the new query is and a founder of a gathering for people from the internet that want to meet in real life. It took me a long time to figure out what that could stand for because i didnt read all the way to the end of the sentence. Jamie bartlett is the Center Director who writes regularly for many publications. A graduate of the London School of economics he writes a column on the telegraph and he appears on Bbc Television and radio another broadcast Media Outlets. He has traveled the world as a journalist and working for a humanitarian agency taking him to places like bangladesh and pakistan. For his first book, go head, he traveled to a place that many of us dont know much about. A place known as the dark net. The title of the book that we will be talking about. Please welcome him. [applause] thank you for that great introduction. So i guess we can start, how did you get interested in such a weird and disturbing subject to. Well, i have always been interested in the strange and disturbing. I have always been fascinated by the general idea on the fringe of the society, the pariahs of the society and im very interested in the things that make him. Nobody imagined what the internet would become including them. So as my work as a journalist i have always been looking at political extremism and radical social movements and religious movements, trying to understand what drives them. But over the last three or four years i have really had us than that with a growing number of stories about bad things happening somewhere on the internet, whether it was a form of pornographic content or neonazis or others, i always feel that we only have a glimpse of this community and cultures and i wanted to understand the extremities which people all believed themselves to be under the conditions of anonymity online and i also wanted to try to meet the people that where the protagonist of the subculture. Every time i read something about it in our natural or someone making homemade pornographic content, i wanted to know who they were and what they did during the day. I wanted to know if they were nice people in the flesh. The only way of doing that is to go and find them. So that was the idea that i tried to meet the people that were behind the screen. When you started to look into this, how difficult was it to find these people . You talked also to people who are involved in questionable things, how hard was it to find these people . I have a lot of unanswered emails. And the strange thing about this is that when you approach people who are doing morally questionable things online, inevitably they are rather hesitant to talk and to be open and honest with you. So probably the First Six Months i spent over 12 months writing this book trying to Contact People and get them to let me into their Digital World where let me into their realworld. Once you do that you know the technique. And its just demonstrating that you can be trusted. Giving them various types of