Transcripts For CSPAN3 Legacy Future Of The 19th Amendment 20240712

Test test test test captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2008 it isnt possible in Watkins Harper view to take a position that speaks to antiblack racism and doesnt speak to gender. Her often quoted line is, we are all bound up together in one great bundle of humanity. This becomes the signature contribution that africanamerican women will make to this ongoing debate over Voting Rights that will continue i would say even until our own time. This view that it is not possible to parse out access to the polls, access to office holding, to jury service and more along manmade differences as she should put it like race and gender that she asks this, including stanton, including douglas, to really lift their sights to the interests of all humanity as she would put it and this is the position that black women will put on the table. They will not carry the day in the 1860s but they will press this position coming all the way through the 19th amendment and beyond. Ill leave it to another panel to decide whether weve arrived at that ideal. Its Francis Harper who puts that on the table as early as the 1860s. In your book you tell the story of not only of Francis Harper but also other heroic black women, maria stewart, fanny lou hammer and more. Tell us about their activism during this crucial period between the passage of the 15th and 19th amendment. Some activists were arguing as Lisa Tetrault argues for change at the state level, others were arguing for courts to recognize women suffrage. What was the position of these africanamerican women you right about and how successful were africanamerican women in particular in getting the right to vote in the states during this crucial transition period . One of the important facets of this story in my research was to recognize that while we have been able to recover some and important numbers of africanamerican women who are part of the womens Suffrage Association that take us, if you will, from the civil war to the 19th amendment, it is a small number of africanamerican women. Part of my work was to ask, where did where were black women, if they werent a part of these Suffrage Associations. One of the myths about them is that they hadnt been interested in politics, they hadnt been interested in Voting Rights. I wind up following them, if you will, to the places where they do gather and it turns out that africanamerican women are gathered in important numbers, by the thousands and tens of thousands, first in their churches, black methodist and Baptist Churches where in the same period theyre engaged in pitched debates over their political power within religious denominations. Will they have preaching licenses, will they have offices within their denominations, will they be ordained to the ministry . And when they engage in these debates they are speaking precisely the sorts of language and making the sorts of arguments that are animating suffrage debates at the very same moment. By the 1890s, 1895 and 1896 africanamerican women are, indeed, prepareded to gather in a national organization, but it will not, again, be a Suffrage Association, it will be the National Association of colored women. It will be a Club Movement that gathers together hundreds and thousands of local black women clubs across the country and activates them for a whole range of political work, even before suffrage, these clubs are organizing against lynching and advocating for federal antilynching legislation led to an important degree by the great suffrages, black suffrages, ida b. Wells. The founding of black women politics as a companion to the Suffrage Movement is through an organization that yes, comes to adopt womens suffrage as part of its agenda and to work hard to that end, but at the same time is active and committed to what we would say in 21st century, antiracist work, right in particular, the move for federal antilynching legislation. Black women do not find a comfortable home in Suffrage Associations. The important degree to which racism has informed that movement for some women individually, but more importantly i think strategically and instrumentally, it means that africanamerican women never find a comfortable home here. But at the same time, they are as Lisa Tetrault has suggested, already part of the political machines in cities like new york and chicago, san francisco, and los angeles, even before the 19th amendment. So they are beginning to work their political power to influence the agenda, particularly of the Republican Party of that era, and at the same time, black women are organizing with one another citizenship schools and suffrage schools because what they know, and it is no secret in the years leading up to the ratification of the 19th amendment, that they will face an additional set of hurdles in too many states, literacy tests, in addition to intimidation and violence, so suffrage and citizenship schools become the way that black women prepare one another. It turns out they also prepare black men who have been away from the polls for a very long time for a new wave of registration, new attempts to cast ballots in the fall of 1920. As we know, too much of that will not succeed and require black women to mount yet another movement for womens suffrage, if you will, one that begins in august of 1920. Lisa tetrault, take us up from 1913 to the passage of the amendment, because we are comment rating its 100th anniversary this year, the two womens movements as martha jones describes, africanamerican women marchers and white women, converged on the eve of a president ial inauguration and set in motion a series of events that led to a dramatic listminute shift of a vote by a tennessee senator who got a letter from his mother and the amendment was proposed and passed. Tell us about that story, why did it pass when it did . Its a cinematic finish, the ratification, both the fight for the actual voting, our Congress Approves the amendment and then it goes to the states for a three fourths ratification. Beginning often people say with this parade in 1913, which was a massive peaceful protest in washington, d. C. , done on the eve of Woodrow Wilsons inauguration to upstage him to, hundreds of people turn out in the streets, violence erupts. This is the kind of violence that many women of color experience on a daily basis, but its shocking for americans, white americans, to see this happen to sort of good, upstanding white women. It makes front page press. There is, of course, you know, the usual racial tensions and kind of concessions to White Supremacy with inside white suffrage activism. They ask ida b. Wells, who is, you know, one with of the nations premier civil rights activists, mary terrell a black sorority and others to march at the parade. This is emblematic in many ways of the ways in which white suffragists made concessions to White Supremacy to further the cause of eradicating the word male but not fighting more generally for the right to vote of all peoples. And that parade leaves alice paul, who direct it and who becomes kind of the center of the theatrics of the campaign, to go on and do more and more theatrics including picketing the white house, underscoring as we enter world war i the way that the United States is defending democracy abroad but not protecting it at home and it would lead up to Congress Finally passing this for many reasons including the fact that i would argue that the Southern States have officially disenfranchised africanamericans with jim crow laws, part of why the amendment passes, we rarely talk about that because we talk about gender as an isolated variable, and they know women of color will have difficulty voting, and then it goes to ratification. It flies through ratification until it stops sits with one state short for months, tennessee takes it up, looks like its not going to pass. The youngest member gets a letter from his mother who tells him to, quote, be a good boy and help put the rat in ratification, changes his vote dramatically, goes over by one and the hundreds of thousands of votes and fights and letters have pushed the amendment over for ratification. It is a cinematic finish. It is the eradication of the word male which is significant. Martha jones, as lisa says, it was an insufficient achievement to pass the 19th amendment. Tell us what happened next. Africanamerican men, of course, in 1920 had already been severely disenfranchised by literacy tests, poll taxes and other bruises that subverted the promise of the 15th amendment. How did africanamerican women fair in voting between 1920 and 1965 . Were they disenfranchised at a greater rate than africanamerican men and different ruses and elicit means . Tell us about their story and how they contributed ultimately to the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights act . Sure. Theres no question but africanamerican women in a strong sense become equal to their male counterparts in 1920, but that means also equally disenfranchised, subject to the same jim crow laws. Jim crow laws, georgia, the poll tax requirements applied only to men, had to be amended now to include women as a bar for voting or impediment for voting for black women in the state of georgia. But africanamerican women, again, in the National Association of colored women now headed by an ohioan, halle brown, call on alice paul in 1921 on the eve of the last what turns out to be the last meeting of the National Womens party and they implore alice paul to stay in the fight for Voting Rights, even with the victory of the 19th amendment behind them because black women know that the 19th amendment is not going to be enough to get all of them to the polls. They are disappointed by alice paul who will move on to laudable concerns like equal rights amendment, but africanamerican women now will to an important degree link arms with africanamerican men in a civil rights agenda that looks to topple many of the pillars of jim crow, including grandfather clauses and poll taxes and other statelevel impediments to the vote. This is a story that takes us through to the modern Civil Rights Era and the 1965 ratification excuse me a passage of the Voting Rights act. What i want to point out in this interim 45 years is that africanamerican women, though disenfranchised, do not sit on the sidelines and wait until that moment when theyll be welcomed to the polls. I write about a figure like mary church terrell, a floridian, a staunch Voting Rights activist in florida in 1919 and 1920, an educator on the founder of bethunecookman university. When bethune cant make good on Voting Rights for black women in florida she comes to washington and introduces herself to Franklin Roosevelt and will help roosevelt by the 30s establish what is often referred to as his black cabinet. Bethune understand that power in washington certainly comes by way of the election of representatives, but in the wake of the depression and the advent of the new deal state, if one can commandeer the resources of federal agencies which are charged with digging the nation out of the depression, one can actually do a great deal for black communities across the country. Beth thune will use that kind of influence, the deep friendship with mrs. Roosevelt as well to bring black americans to washington to work in those agencies, but most importantly, to redirect the resources of those agencies towards black americans. All of this long before we get to the Voting Rights act. This is why black women can never be single issue political agents. They have to be nimble, they have to be inventive, they have to be ready to seize opportunities where they exist and bethune is a wonderful example of a consummate politician, when at the polls figures out now how to get close to power in washington and do something with it. Thank you so much, martha jones and Lisa Tetrault for illuminating and a rich discussion of the complicated and important history of the 19th amendment. Well look forward to the next panels about the present and future of the fight for the right to vote and look forward to seeing all of you at the National Constitution center and online at stu constitutioncenter. Org. Lisa tetrault, martha jones, thank you so much for joining us. Good to be with you. Thank you, jeff. Now please welcome david, the tenth archy vist of the United States and deborah wall, the deputy archivist of the United States. The National Archives is home to some of the most important records of a womens suffrage story including the 19th amendment. 100 years ago the 19th amendment became law prohibiting states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. Our records, such as petitions, legislation and court cases, tell the story of the struggle for Voting Rights as a critical step toward equal citizenship. The passage of the 19th amendment was made possible by decades of suffragists political engagement. Americans across the spectrum of race, ethnicity and class krad vanced the cause of suffrage and even though we are comment rating the centennial, the struggle of Voting Rights continued well beyond 1920. As the National Archives member of the commission, im honored to be a part of the xhem rags of the 100th anniversary of the 19th amendment. The success of the Suffrage Campaign and the fortitude shown by its supporters demonstrated that women can make their voices heard in the political arena. Women had been active as advocates for justice and reform before the Suffrage Movement, but with that fight they showed they could have a voice on the national stage. Without the right to vote, women knew that they were denied their full rights as citizens. With the vote, they could exert influence on elected officials and lobby for issues important to them, as guaranteed in the constitution. This anniversary reminds us that the right to vote is not only guaranteed but won through the work of generations of tireless activists. We are honored to be the home of the 19th amendment and we want the American People to join our commemoration virtually. Join us this month at archives. Gov women as we highlight records from our holdings and examine the fight for womens Voting Rights through virtual Public Programs for all ages. Thank you, david and deborah. Now from the past to the present and our keynote conversation, mark, president and ceo of the lbj foundation, and my close collaborators on this program, speaks with the most powerful woman in america today. Speaker nancy pelosi needs little introduction. She is, of course, speaker of the house of representatives, first woman speaker in American History, and only the second person in 60 years to hold that position twice. A member of congress for more than 30 years, a member of the National Womens hall of fame, grandmother to nine grandchildren, she is the proud representative of san franciscos 12th congressional district. Please join me in welcoming mark upgrove and speaker nancy pelosi. Madam speaker, what an honor it is to have you with us today. Thank you so much for joining us. My honor, always, to be associated with not only l abbj Library Foundation but for the groups assembled for celebrating the anniversary of women having the right to vote. You have said many times that when you made history by becoming the first woman to become the speaker of the house of representatives, you stood on the shoulders of the women who came before you. Who are the women in history from whom you drew inspiration . Let me just say that many of the women from whom i drew inspiration, starting with my own family with my mother, were quiet contributors to the greatness of our country. Some more famous than others. But i always like to tell the story since were talking history of my first meeting when i went to the white house as a leader. I had been to the white house many times as an appropriator, intelligence person for years, so i wasnt particularly apprehensive about the meeting and i didnt think that much about it, just going to another meeting at the white house. As the door closed behind me in the room, it was a small room, president , Vice President , and the leaders, house and senate, democratic and republican, very small room, as soon as the door closed i realized this was unlike any other meeting i had ever been in the white house, unlike any meeting any woman had ever been to in the white house because i was there not as an appointee of the president , as important as that would be, but by being elected by my colleagues to represent them at the table. I sat down. President bush was present. Always gracious, george w. Bush, father too, i loved him, but this was george w. Bush, and as he was welcoming me as a new leader coming to the table to this event, felt very closed in at my chair, very closed in at my chair. I never felt anything quite like it. All of a sudden i realized that on the chair with me was susan b. Anthony, katy stanton, alice paul, you name it, they were all there on the chair with me. And i could hear them say, at last, we have a seat at the table and then they were gone. Never had that experience before or since. My first thought was, we want more. So those women, those women were so courageous. They took i mean they took abuse, they were they worked so hard. They had an idea, they had a vision, they had knowledge of why they wanted to get this done. They had a plan to do it. They thought strategically and they connected with other women and other likeminded people across the country and it took decades, but they, the ones who started it, made it happen. I just am in awe of the courage they had. Well the 19th amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920. There were Many Americans of color, men and women alike, who were systemically denied that right. Last month we lost your dear friend and colleague john lewis, and there was no greater champion of Voting Rights than congressman lewis. He we do this broadcast on the 55th anniversary of the signing of the Voting Rights act, which president johnson signed on this day in 1965. But the Voting Rights act has been weakened in recent years. Im wondering, madam speaker, what steps can americans take to ensure that we dont have voting suppression in this country and that there are no barriers to the ballot box . Well, i appreciate your asking that question, especially because of our loss of john lewis, who sacrificed everything for the right to vote because he saw it as a sacred right. I do want to make knowledge many women of color who were part of the Suffragist Movement as well, part of women having the right to vote, but as you indicated people of color did not enjoy that right which was owed them, and i had the privilege as leader in passing, it became law in 0, the Voting Rights acts, when we did we had a bipartisan march down the steps of the capitol, house and senate, overwhelming support. Very few nos at all. The court overturned that part of it, part of it, and now we have to replace that. That is very sad to think that just a few short years ago it was completely nonpartisan and now theres a resistance to passing hr4, which is our bill in the United States senate, which has already passed the house. Wasnt Lyndon Johnson just wonderful . The courage he had, again, strategic, a vision, he knew what he wanted to do, who could think more strategically than he, he knew the courage of certain people or not and he got the job done and well never forget him saying, when we see in the film now, we shall overcome and he did. What did it mean to you to become the first woman to hold the position of speaker and what does it mean to you to hold that position during the centennial year of the 19th amendment to the constitution . Well, its pretty exciting to observe the 100th anniversary of women of the 19th amendment, to be speaker at this time is a special honor, and to do so at a time when there are over 100 women in the house of representatives. Thats quite remarkable. Over 100 women. We made a decision on our side of the aisle that when we do that, so we went from 12 when i got to congress, to 90 now, and now we want more, of course, but a big change. The other side is slower, but hopefully they will come around to that, to some of that success. It means a great deal because i do believe that theres nothing more wholesome or more important to governance and politics in our country than the increasing participation of women, not that women are better than men, but we need the mix at the table. Women and people of color. Thats why i said, we want more. The diversity produces such a different result which has sustainability because it springs from the thinking of many of the people who would be affected by the policy. It means to me as a great deal, imagine to be speaker of the house, first woman at a time 100 years and again, the fight continues. Madam speaker, at this moment what is the biggest challenge that women face in our nation . There are a number of them, but to enlarge the issue, i do believe that weve examicome to change. When i came into politics into the congress over 30 years ago, in fact john lewis and i were classmates, we served together for 33 years, it was a different world about women and politics. I didnt have any hesitation to be confident about what i could do, but there werent that many of us. Now, just think of what happened the day after the inauguration. Women marched. It wasnt political and it wasnt organized. It was spontaneous. It was organic. Women marched and they came out all over the world and realized that their power of their presence just by turning up, women marched, women ran, women voted, women won. Over 100 women in congress. I always just say to women, know your power, know the confidence of who you are. I would say that anything internalized in women, they should have the confidence they can do any job. If a problem that men are not accepting that, thats the mens problem. Thats your problem. And whats encouraging is fathers of daughters, i met your beautiful daughter, and the confidence that dads have in their daughters is something that is different, not that dads didnt have confidence in their daughters, but they were protective, but now dads think their daughters can do anything. Thats the big plus and so sons are raised to have that same kind of respect. But there are still obstacles out there and they will be overcome, but it does take the confidence that women should have and what they can do. I say take inventory of who you are. Theres nobody like you. You are the most authentic you and what you the contribution you can make is different from everyone else, so if you all think that way, just think the difference that you can make. I dont know, one of these times we will have pretty soon more women in the Democratic Caucus than men and as i say with all the respect in the world with respect for men. You may have answered this, madam speaker, but im wondering what advice you would want to impart to those young women in the current generation who want to make the kind of difference that you have made for women in this nation and the world . The best advice that i can give young women, and im asked this all the time, is the best advice that i received myself a long time ago. Be yourself. Be yourself. Be you you are great. Know your power and have confidence in who you are. I do frequently am asked if you ruled the world what one thing would you do and i would globally prioritize the education of women and girls around the world so that they also will have their confidence to make their contribution because it makes a big difference in their families, in their communities, in their societies, in their countries. Im very optimistic about the growing confidence of women, the investment in their education globally is very important, its very important. One specific piece of advice that i give people when they come to congress is that i always as leader, speaker, have always said to women when they come, i want you to have a security credential, whether its veterans affairs, armed services, intelligence, homeland security, government reform subcommittees on security, because the one thing when you ask about sometimes people dont see a woman as a commander in chief and they should. Its important for women to not only bring that priority, but to bring the knowledge so you have a vision about what makes a country strong, how to do so in a peaceful way, but in order to do that you have to know the territory. Again, know yourself in a global sense, know the security, the National Security and the Economic Security issues. Otherwise, people say oh, youre coming for things about child care and this and that, of course, but take your place when it comes to being a potential commander in chief, take your place in being a potential secretary of the treasure, whatever it is, there isnt any job you cant hold but you have to have knowledge and judgment and people then will respect your judgment. You mentioned, madam speaker, that your first piece of advice is be yourself, but did it take you a while to find your voice in the political world . I had absolutely zero intention of ever running for political office. I wasnt even something i thought about. I mean it was outside my realm of what i would be doing. Thats the other advice i give people. When the opportunity presented itself and people came to me and said you should run for office, i had not thought about doing it. I didnt even i had no ambition to do it. They kept telling me, you care about the issues, you can do this, do that, you can win. I was ready. I was ready. And thats what i say to people, be ready. It doesnt mean youre sitting there ready to run for office, but you have again, youve taken inventory and you know your strengths, you know your priorities and when you can show your why, know your why, my why, one in five children in america lives in poverty. I have five children. Theyre blessed in every way, i think, i think they would share that view, but it bothered me they would live in a world where so many children today still are hungry. This was a great motivator of president johnson, he cared about that so much and made such a difference in that regard. When i could see the difference Public Policy could make in lifting up children, that really ticked me into saying okay, i know my why, i know what i care about in terms of how i would get something done in terms of thinking strategically, and i tell you and i tell this, when you know your why, you know your what, you know your how to get it done, you will attract support. You will be a leader. Well end this conversation, madam speaker, where we began, which is with those women on whose shoulders you have stood. You had the opportunity to visit seneca falls where the first Womens Convention was held in 1848. What was that experience like . Oh, ive been there on more than one occasion, our former congresswoman from the area had invited us up on a number of occasions, and then i was inducted into the hall of fame which is a big deal. My friends came all over for that. That really meant a lot to them. It was remarkable. And more than this is how i was impressed the very first time i went. We had a park service person, interpreter, who was telling us about when we went to katy stantons house, she had a very shall we say forward thinking father who bought a house, put it in her name, she had lot of children, maybe five i think, and she lived like on a knoll and below the knoll was a shantytown, many people that came there, they were immigrants, largely they worked in the mills, and she could hear domestic violence. She could hear domestic violence. That was one of her motivators in terms of women and she was very smart in this, so that was something where a personal experience and a family that encouraged her, respected her, the blessing to all of us and then she made such a difference with her thinking. She couldnt travel so much with all those children, but she could convey her thinking to others and, of course, there was the seneca falls conference which changed which made such a big difference even Frederick Douglas was there as part as being a suffragist as well as an abolitionist. Going there it was moving because of the history, but it was also inspiring because you could see how a personal experience translated into policy action that would eventually change the lives of people in our country. Let me just say this in closing, what is interesting to me in this 100th anniversary is how some of my former friends who are not as shall we say involved in all of this as i am, were saying to me recently they had no idea that women suffered so much in orders to pass this amendment. They just didnt know. They didnt know how they were just cast aside by their families, how they suffered even bad treatment. They didnt know any. They thought it was like a movement. They didnt realize that people paid a price, people paid a price, so that awareness makes the triumph even greater. When you think back to what they did, who has the courage now. Leave home. That was like there was no way you could leave home without a man and company and all that. Byebye. Madam speaker, we thank you for joining us for this keynote conversation and we thank you for your Remarkable Service to this nation. Thank you so much. Thank you. I thank all of the organizations who are involved in putting all of this together. Thank you for celebrating something that has helped america reached its value of concern for equality and justice in our country. Thank you all very much. What an amazing and moving conversation. Thank you, madam speaker. Thank you, mark, for joining us. Its now my honor and privilege to welcome more extraordinary barrierbreaking women. Were pleased to have former White House Press secretary and fox news anchor dana perrin no to moderate our next discussion. Dana was the first republican woman to be named White House Press secretary. Tonight, thanks to our partners at the george and barbara bush foundation, shell be speaking with fellow Bush Administration alum and fellow first, secretary condoleezza rice, the first black woman to serve as the United States National Security adviser and the first black woman to serve as the United States secretary of state. She is a professor and Corporate Board member. This september she will become director of the hoover institution. Please join me inx welcoming secretary kund rileeza rice and dana. Hello, madam secretary, its great to join you virtually and honor to be asked to have this conversation with you. Its always great to be with you and i look forward to it. I was thinking about this, obviously the country is going through a lot at the moment, three sort of major crises, the pandemic, the economic crisis and racial strife, and then we have this opportunity in august of 2020 to look back 100 years to another struggle that america had and that was women suffrage. I think about little girls today learning about this and probably just not understanding that women werent allowed to vote, and historically for just some context, what was it like for america going through that time . Well, it was a time that was another one of those inflection points when america was asked to prove that it was going to be true to its founding and true to the great high promises of the declaration of independence and the constitution. To be sure when the founders and framers created the constitution, it was all men being created equal and i doubt that they thought about the idea that women were created equal too, but the wonderful story of america has been a story of slowly but surely including more people in we the people. So 100 years ago, people like me and people like you were finally included in we the people. I just think its so great that we have a chance to celebrate this 100 Year Anniversary of another one of those important inflection points where more americans became a part of we the people. Did what america go through 100 years ago, how did that manifest around the world . Was there a push from i know, of course, in the uk or in england there was the big push, was that sort of happening simultaneously . And then what from there has continued in terms of helping women around the world be able to have these kinds of rights . Well, the fact is you can only deny people their rights for so long. You can deny them, but they will continuously fight for them, struggle for them, and eventually they will win. I think thats the story of women suffrage. The interesting thing is, we tend to think that global messages are confined to our time. Because of the ra pidty of communication, you can know whats going on in a remote part of the world in very quick order, but thats when global messages spread. Actually, global messages have been spreading for centuries because word would get out so to speak that those women in the United States were fighting for their rights and this would empower women in other places. The women who led the Suffrage Movement thought of themselves as the vanguard of a Movement Across the known world, and by the known world i really mean obviously it was still not possible in colonial territories or the like, but they saw themselves as a vanguard for women in other places, and they drew power from each other as the struggle spread across the globe. The fact is that struggle is still under way. We see places across the world where women are still not equal, women are still secondclass citizens. I spent a lot of time in the middle east and the Suffrage Movement that had swept the United States and brought to power women in elected office and made possible women in kuwait. So this is a struggle that goes on. Yeah. In some places, by the way, the right to vote doesnt necessarily mean that the vote matters. So thats the other struggle thats going on in places. Im smiling because that was the anecdote that i remembered i was going to ask you about. I think it was 2006, we were in kuwait, and president bush had a little time on his schedule before his next event and he had a choice, he could go see the Little League team or he could go visit with the women from kuwait who were the first to have ever run for office. So i was in the room with them just before he came in and they were so nervous to meet him. When he came in, he gathered them around and he said, i am so proud of you and they said, but we lost. All of us lost our first race. He said, i lost my first race too. Yes. And i wonder about as sort of populism and nationalism takes hold around the world, what about those other countries and does america and american women, do we still have a responsibility to try to help others who havent had such an opportunity yet . My view, my strong view is that we are so blessed in the United States to have the rights we have, but our work will never be complete until those rights are truly universal. If we believe theyre universal we have to fight for them for everyone. I know were going through a difficult time and people say, do people still look to the United States . I can assure you people still look to the United States as a place where we fight for our rights, we believe in our rights, and that is inspiring to people across the world. Now, if you remember, the women in kuwait then won in the next set of elections and i remember having some conversations with them about how you had men voters too, not just women voters, we had programs through the National Endowment for democracy set up under ronald reagan, it has a National Democratic institute, it has a republican counterpart and they have gone to work with Women Civil Society leaders to help them get better at it. Thats one thing that we can do. We can take our experience and help women abroad who dont even quite know how to organize to win an election, to do so. But theres another sadr story and i hope that we are very focused on how bad it was for women in afghanistan when the attacks took place on 9 11 here in the United States, the taliban was in power in afghanistan. This was a place where girls could not go to school. This was a place where women were executed in a stadium given to the taliban by the united nations. While that has been a harder struggle than anything any of us perhaps anticipated, women have gained rights in afghanistan and we cannot abandon them. Maybe weekend talk a little bit about that. I know your you have been long focused on education, the importance of education, thats obviously a global issue, but also something we have to focus on here in america. When it comes to Voter Education, what do people need to be focused on there . I hope that when we talk about Voter Education, were also talking about civic education. I would like every American Voter to really understand how her vote matters to the outcomes that she wants for her life, for her children. Very often we talk about the vote, but we talk about it in isolation. Of course what it is doing is in our very highly institutionized system that the founders left to us, it is giving us a voice through others, so who you elect to the congress, to represent you, who you elect to your local school board to represent your children, we have to think about the vote in the context of institutions and sometimes i think americans dont know well enough their own institutions and how they function. I hear very often sometimes you hear this about the vote in other countries too well, a vote is not election is not democracy. Thats right. But i dont know how you have a democracy without an election. What the election does is it gives you a voice with the people who are going to represent you. I think americans dont know enough about their institutions so i think a Voter Education is also civic education. Do you really know what the legislative process is, for instance. So your entire career people have been trying to push you into running for office, and you have resisted that call for very good reasons that you explain in your books. But i was thinking about the administration that we worked together and bush 43 and you were with bush 41. Theres a lot of ways for women to participate in government and in their democracy that dont have to include running for elected office, though i think elected office though i know thats important and wonderful, and id love to see more women running. But maybe talk a little bit about peoples participation short of throwing their name on the ballot. Well, youre absolutely right, dana. First of all let me underscore what you said. We need more women to run and across the political spectrum. One of the tings to remember is that womens issues so forth are americas issues. And so to the degree that women are really part of the process its going to matter. But you can serve in all kinds we got to serve at the highest levels of americas diplomats. That would have been unthinkable just a few decades ago. People can go into the Civil Service and serve their government. So one of the things that i worked very hard on is making the Foreign Service more representative of america, and we have a lot of work to do with women. We have even more work to do with underrepresented minorities to try to make the Foreign Service look like america. So you can work for the federal government. You can wake for the state government, for local governments. But we shouldnt underestimate the importance of those commissions and those School Boards that really are closest to the governance of the people. And so i would encourage any young woman whos thinking about a role in Public Service to do that. And then of course weve got a great civil society. The organization that were here with today, great opportunities for people to serve in nongovernmental ways but to still serve the country. Im wondering if you can tell us a story or just your reflection of what it was like to be the first. But many women even if its not a first they feel like they are trying to thrive in a mail dominated field because maybe theyre the only or one of the only. How do you advise your students at stanford or women you talk to about dealing being a first or an only . Well, the first thing to remember about a first is nobody actually sets out to be a first. You setout to do something and you learn oh, im the first. I had this conversation with my great friend. If you remember that then youre less intimidated by the fact you are the first because youre obviously there because youre qualified to be there. Youre there because youve worked hard to get there. And you have to have a sense an internal sense, a deep core sense, i belong here. And you have to walk in that room and own the room. Now, it helps to be prepared. I grew up in segregated birmingham, alabama, another great struggle to make america more inclusive. And so my parents always told me, first of all, you have to be twice as good they would say. Now, they didnt say that as a matter of debate. They said that as a matter of fact. Theyulse said there are no victims. The minute you think of yourself as a victim you have given control of your life to someone else. You may not be able to control your circumstances but you can control your response to your circumstances. So i had this kind of armor, if you will, about encountering people who thought less of me because i looked different. And my armor then, i think, prepared me to walk into that room and say im not going to let your prejudice be my prejudice. Im going to do my work, im going to work hard. And by the way, i was very fortunate to have mentors who really advlocated for me. Brent scolcroft took me under his wing in the early 1980s, he really did help to advocate for my career. We to remember nobody, quote, gets their on their own. I would say this to young women, know its hard when you see a field you want to excel in and there isnt anybody who looks like you. But if ive been waiting for a black female soviet specialist role model id still be waiting. My models, my mentors were old white men because thats who dominated my field. So sometimes your role model or mentor may not look like you. And one word about the greatness of having the right mentors. I have to say that george h. W. Bush was a wufrm mentor. When we first met gorbachev it was a turbulent time and bush said i want you to meet dawn condoleeza rice and he tilted his head and said in russian i hope she knows a lot, but the fact is president bush wasnt talking to gorbachev. He was talking to everybody in that room and he was saying this is the person i listen to so you had better listen, too. Mentors can do a lot to break down barriers around race or around gender by just advocating for people that believe in. I dont know if youll remember this but i saw Something Like that during the 43 years, towards the end. Do you remember when the israelis thought there might be someday light between what you were telling them and what president bush was telling them. And do you remember how short that meeting was, and if you remember ill let you tell it because for me i never said a word but i thought thats how you empower somebody else, and im so glad i witnessed that. Thats right. President bush 43, the israelis have this way sometimes of trying to particularly if you were secretary of state and the distance between the white house and i remember that the Prime Minister came in and he complained about me essentially and the president just said, well, you know, i think youre going to need to work that out with condee, end of story. He said if you ever think theres daylight between my secretary of state and me, you are wrong. And then he said to me you can see yourselves out. And by the way go work it out with her you dont need to talk m to me, right . Dana, i know you were in an extraordinary position because i remember when our great friend tony snow was no longer able to be press secretary you were a young woman and handing the reins to you with the viciousness of the press sometimes and just saying i trust you, you know, that was very much who well, i tell a story about that, that you played a big role in that for me. I remember one time being in the situation room and some complaints from the military that we had a Communications Problem in iraq, and i caught we met eyes and you just gave a little nod of your head and i felt like i dont know if you were doing it i felt like you were telling me you have a seat at the table for a reason, so this is your shot, speak up. So i did and suggested that if the facts got better then the communications would get better. But also in meetings when i knew i was going to have to go take press questions, complicated, National Security, say this, say that. And several times you would say ill walk with you, and then you walked with me from there to my office and said this is how i might say it. And i want to thank you publicly for that. But i also think its a great example of what women can continue to do to help one another through mentorship and support as we mark this amazing 100th anniversary. My great grandmother was in wyoming. She was the first in my family to be able to vote. And of course Rural America wanted those women to vote and they got that. But its just a real pleasure, and i think the only thing we can ask, and ill give you the last word after this because were going to wrap it up, is that in order to keep it going we have to help one another. I could not underscore that more, and what those women hoped for when they started to advocate for the right to vote, when they had to go sometimes against the wishes of their fathers or their husbands to advocate for the right to vote, and when they finally won the right to vote i doubt that any one of them thought the struggle was over then. And the struggle continues. It continues for womens rights and for womens empowerment in our own country, and it certainly continues for womens rights and womens empowerment in countries where women are still not full citizens. And so we have a lot of work to do. And one thing we can take from the experience of those women a hundred years ago it doesnt get done by one person, it gets done by a whole bunch of people and the system is as important today as it was then. It is. I have one lilt creature that wants to say hi to you. Jasper, come. This is jaspers participation. Hello, jasper. Are you going to get up . No. He had a big day yesterday. But he says hi. Madam secretary, thank you. And lauren, well turn it back to you. Thank you both so much. What a privilege to hear from you tonight. Before we go to our final panel id like to take a minute to thank again our sponsors merk and p g for their generous support and this town hall would not have been possible without them. This is not new. This has happened before. In every downturn. And disaster in history. Gender equality has been setback. As women have stepped forward. Women always bear a heavy cost. More of the front line care. More of the pay cuts. More of the jobs lost. More of the responsibilities at home. Keeping them from going back to paid work. These times. Are not unprecedented. But they give us another chance for equality. If we all choose to step forward as equals. Care equal. Hire equal. Pay equal. Model equal. Do equal. Choose equal. Adhome. At work. Right now. For an equal future. This year feels like a tipping point, a moment of change and transformation for women and the country. Our partners with the 19th aimed to be a key voice for that change. They have just officially launched and were grateful for their partnership. If youve not heard of the 19th yet you will and heres why. The goal is to change the conversation how we talk about women and politics. Our leaders are people who want to be better informed and better to participate in democracy. We aim to change the future of american journalism by giving women the platform and voice they deserve. Theres never been a better moment than right now. The 19th is the newsroom weve been waiting for. And now we turn to the future. In a conversation with two of the most visionary, amazing women i know. It is my great pleasure to moderate our final conversation with olympic goal medal winning soccer superstar, activist, best selling author, legendary barnard speaker and new owner of angel city abbey womback. And brittany cunningham, founder of maybe the best named organization ever, love and power. Welcome, ladies. Its great to have you. Great to be here. So great to be here, everyone. Thanks for having us. So were here tonight celebrating the centenary of women suffrage and yet the celebration is tempered because women of color did not get their right to vote until this very day, august 6, 1965 in the passage of the Voting Rights act and today access to the polls, the full access to Voting Rights remain a challenge, so how do you think about the importance of this 100th anniversary given that it was incomplete, that it remains incomplete . You know, we are sitting in the middle of what call black august. There have been many critical and impactful moments in black history that have all centered on this moment. You had the birth of people like fred hampton and marcus garvey, smosomeof our most important leaders. We have some real tragedies weve seen especially in rebellions against the incarceral state and mass incarceration. And we have important anniversaries like the passage of the Voting Rights act. And of course were standing in the shadow of the passing of congressman john lewis and c. T. Vivian, people who were critical in ensuring this right to vote was more universal than it was in 1920. And i find myself fired up and ready to go as is the chant, as is the phrase this black august. Because as youve already said there is so much work to do to secure the franchise and right to vote for every Single Person who walks in our streets and who live next to us. And they experience it as the beginning of their sieving process and not the end, thats where we have to go from here and thats whats on my mind not just today but during black august. Perfect. I mean, i cant add more to that. All ill say is that i was you know its 15 years. 1965 was 15 years before i was born, and what that means to me is there are still women in this country, in our current world right now that did experience the inability to vote. And so for me a lot of people but white people especially they think, oh, well, theres nothing i can do so why even go to the polls, why even vote. And i think its really important to understand this has actually been happening in our lifetime. And so the need is not only there but its possible. We cant celebrate progress if were leaving people behind. We are not free unless evd is free, and thats why see important for me intersectionality is not just part of the conversation were having around voting and creating policy but its actually the action were taking in order to achieve the progress were hoping to achieve. They say progress is slow, but i want it to be fast, and wherever brittany goes im going to follow her because she says very smart things. Actually, your mentioning intersection ally is perfect. The fight for gender equity theres always been this undercurrent of whos been left out. The plaque women were left out a hundred years ago that even in the 60s and 70s lgbt women intentionally because it didnt fit the political agenda. How do we make sure because this panel is about the future . Like, we cannot do that. None of us are free unless all of us are free. None of us are equal unless all of us are equal. How do we make sure, brittany, that these next hundred years were not constantly sacrificing, you know, one set of fights for equality for another . Because that has been our history. Yeah, so the first thing we do is we deal honestly in reality. So after having this conversation about Voting Rights, about the franchise multiple things are true about this moment. Not about the 60s but about this moment. What is true that the Voting Rights act as it was passed then hays gutted by the supreme court. So what happens in particular is a number of Southern States and other states with a legacy of discrimination have been given more freedom to continue that discrimination in more insidious ways. We see things like gerrymandering, the closing of polling places, we see things like false mailers being sent out to people telling them theyve been purged from the voting rolls. Weve seen people actually be purged from the voting rolls. So that is happening right now, and the law that was passed all those years ago to prevent those things has been stripped of its ability to do so in so many ways. What is also happening is Indigenous Women are far too often Indigenous People are far too often being pushed out of this process because we have a system that does not properly recognize the sovereignty of tribal government, and the access rural folks need to these systems, right . We also know low income folks are not experiencing Voting Rights equally. If election day is not a National Holiday and you are an hourly working or you need to provide child care or elder care or you do not have transportation, you do not have equal access to the ballot box no matter what the law says on paper. And lastly mutt we need to be fundmenty true is that millions of people have had the right to vote stolen from them because they are incarcerated people. And even as theyve returned to society theyve not been afforded the rights they should be. Ultimately if that is the system as it stands when that last day happens you should have your access to the ballot box restored no matter where we are. We have to deal in the reality none of us are free until all of us are free, which means none of us are fully free with our access to the ballot box if everyone i just listed and more do not have access. The second thing we do, though, is we realize other peoples fight is our fight. If you have come here to help me, you are wasting our time. But if you have come here because you know our fates are bound up with one anothers let us work together. I have to care just as much about indigenous rights, about the rights of disabled people, about black trans women, about year women. I have to care about their fate just as much as my own not because i want to be a good person, not because i want jesus to let me into the earl pegates but materially if i let things happen in their name it wont be long before somebody comes for my rights in the same way. When the most marginalized among us are free we actually all benefit from the protections and safety that they receive. Shall i say preach . That question was answered. I think that question was answered. What is so interesting because were in this moment, too, where youre seeing athletes and artists and folks across every corner of American Society realize they have not oma platform but sort of a deep personal moral obligation to speak up and there is at the same time the question of keep athletes out of politics to tell them that thats not what people want. Youre an entertainer, you know, just go play, right . You have been linking your sport and your activism from the beginning and inspired so many other athletes in soccer and beyond and artists as welltodo that. So how do you think about that . Because it does feel like theres this sort of there is this kind of Mass Movement of folks realizing that whatever platform or power you have, whether youre a famous abbey or brittany or youre the 17yearold girl in kentucky who organizes the black lives matter protest that starts in your high school and gets tens of thousands of people to come, it does feel at this moment people are tapping into their own power as activists. But how do you think about that and how do we keep pushing . Well, you know, sports has this really unique way of being able to cross over these gender lines. And womens sports and when were talking about womens soccer, you know, women soccer has this unique ability to bring in fans from every kind of walk of life. Men, women, black, brown. And i mean the reason why is because our Womens National team wins as opposed to our mens National Team, and thats not a slight. Thats a fact. People like to follow winners. Our Womens National team earns more money for the United States soccer fedseration than our mens National Team and are paid far less. Thinking about it globally if this is happening in a bubble of the Womens National soccer team where we are popular, we do get endorsements, the players do get paid but not nearly as much as the men then for me when i retired i realize, oh, theres a terrible realization i had to recreate myself because i didnt earn the same amount as Peyton Manning during my career. That was a forced reality on me. And if this is happening to me i realize this is happening with women everywhere. Especially with sports because men can see and understand the language of sport maybe better than in other industries. But its like a shocking realization when you start to put your head around the fact that even when youre better, that being better isnt even dissolved to the gender bias or racial bias you face. And it hasnt mattered how much money because thats been the biggest argument, right, since the beginning of time. Well, the women dont earn as much as the men so of course theyre not going to get paid the same. Thats no longer true. In 2016, 2017 womens soccer has earned more. Thats why theyve gone ahead and taken this lawsuit. For me, though, it is blase want sexism to its core. And for a long time i had to actually figure out what that meant for me because i was in the system that was oppressing me, and i was trying to navigate those waters. At first, you know, you are asking yourself questions, well, im just going to be grateful for what i got because 10 years ago they didnt give them anything and im actually earning a paycheck. In 10 years where will we be . And so for me its about not just talking about the inequalities. Its about creating the policy, its about creating the standard, you know, not just in sport but every walk of life, every industry, every city, every government. And you have to figure out ways to recreate what that could look like. And its risky. Its inhashlerently risky. In 2014 when we looked around there was a sense with women of my generation and younger that why do we need to fight anymore . You know, why is this not just solved and there this was passiveness about political participation. I think particularly in the obama years the sense among younger liberals like were good, obamas in office, what do we need to do this for, and what we saw was this sort of apathy and i say this about women particularly, not appreciating like you cant make progress if youre not willing to take a risk. And it sometimes means putting yourself on the line in like very real ways. As you were saying, abbey, youre both dependent on the system youre trying to upend and change, and also trying to rebel inside a broken system you still feed to be a part of in order to make a living. Black women i think have always understood this. There was never a question for black women you are taking a risk. Youre putting your life and body and yourself on the line to fight for change. It feels like this year that maybe theres some shift in understanding there that we saw so many more white women showing up to support black lives matter, coming out to, you know, fight systemic institutional racism. But i dont know what do we need to understand about the future if we really want to make the progress we want to make, if we want to really, you know, upend these last sexist and racist institutions, wherever they apply, like what do we need to know and do to do that right . So it was a group of black feminists who came together and they said they wanted to expand on the feminist idea tat the personal is political. And we have to understand that, yes, no matter how uncomfortable it is the personal is indeed political. From how we wear our hair to the chairs we sit in to the food we buy, literally every sector of our lives is determined by political choices and political will. So if the personal is political what he essentially came along and said was not only is the personal political but community is political. In community we can also face the injustice together and solve them unequivocally. So what i think the future really has to look like is that understanding and that orientation toward community. If we think just over the last six years because august is also the month we found the ferguson up rising happening, that was a movement and a moment in time of which i was a very proud member along with thousands, like thousands of people whose names folks may never know but who sacrificed everything to ready america for this moment, right . Because it was ferguson and baltimore and cleveland and florida and l. A. That taught the country and it reminded the country of its obligation to democracy and how to take a risk. In standing up sibs years ago between then and now weve seen the conversation shift. Weve seen to your point a lot of women of color hold white women accountable and say youre not just going to show up for the womens march and not show up when Breonna Taylor is murdered. Weve seen transgender women say you are not going to it is in community we will actually change this and that has to be the very, very clear focus of the future. I think youre right it is not my blackness or my womanhood that inherently are a risk, but unfortunately in this country i am faced with risk because of them. And so, yeah, theres a world in which black women have always known that risk. We have never had the privilege to turn around or turn away from it. And still im glad to see many more people acknowledging the leadership of black women, latinas, asianamerican, islander, pacific women who have been radical in their determination and who got everybody ready to take on the fight right now. So, abbey, theres such a temptation to talk about, you know, this election here 2020 being so critical. Theres obviously been a huge groundswell in the last few years of younger women kind of coming and getting in touch with their political power and their ability to shift the direction of the country, but how do we keep it going . You know, we talk a lot about womens empowerment, but how do we make sure that this is not just about any one election or any one president or any one moment or any one place but that women understand that we own we are the majority of this country and that we must hold our government accountable to our interests always not just in any one election. So you talk to thousands and thousands across the country and so motivational and inspirational, but how do we keep this going and make this a lifetime and beyond all possible doubt to their children and grandchildren . I think this is really important question because i think that the womens rights movement, there can feel a sense of fatigue, right . People can get tired of talking about all the politics. Well, heres the thing. The activists like myself, brittany, folks like you, lauren, we are never going to tire because weve dedicated our life to this work. And it is our job to circle and get everybody onboard. But the thing i learned the most about playing on this National Team is this concept of unity. And it is the only reason why our Womens National team has secured any of the contracts theyve been able to secure over the generations of the team. And the way they were able to do that is they were together. They were one unit, one breath. That mean they always agreed on everything, but what they agreed upon was this idea of a better future. And what theyve also agreed upon is that they were going to fight tooth and nail forever until they became equal, and for me that is what we have to remind ourselves with. For the average person whos watching this you might think its too big, i dont want to have anything to do with it, im not sure how to make my vote or make my independent, individual self matter, but find the people around you. Get talking about some of the stuff thats important to you, that matters to you, gnat draws you into your own personal purpose. And when you start collecting people then you find your folks that youre going to do life with, that group if you have people around you going to do life with you you can actually get stuff done. And it might not necessarily be in politics. It might be in your school, your kids school. It might be for your kids soccer team. Like, you have to have your people around you to do life with in order to get these bigger things done. And leave it up to brittany and myself to collect the masses, right . All you need to worry about is getting in touch with the people, your next door neighbor, talk about this stuff. Get it into the mind sets of what you want for your future because we get to create it. Im so glad you said that. Women are as diverse as this nation. We do not all agree. We have vastly different per spectivals on an endless number of issues, but that doesnt mean we cant find the right Common Ground to fight for each other. And i think thats exactly the brilliant point youve just made. So i want to shift as we come to the end of our conversation to vision and a big vision for the future. And i want to ask you, brittany, to start. What is your vision for this next century . What do we hope that in a hundred years of our future daughters and sisters will say that they have achieved or that we helped them begin . What is that vision for the future . My vision for the future is expansive, but it is really rooted in the local work that is happening in so many of our communities, the really disciplined every day stuff that is not sexy that happens when the cameras are gone and when the masses have moved. If i can encourage anybody to take one action as youre leaving here today it is to research the local organizations who are taking real and consist longterm action in your community, on the things you care about and link up with them. Become a member, go to meetings, volunteer, take the actions they have you do because really as National Figures like myself and abbey we are here to resource, amplify and uplift the work that is happening on the ground because that is where real change happens. So my vision is very much rooted in the local work. I was talking to my friend taylor reed yesterday who is black year organizer and cofounder of action st. Louis which sprung out of the ferguson up rising. They led a two Year Campaign to close the workhorse in st. Louis and finally were successful last week when the board of alder people decided to close it. So now theyre getting together with the community to dictate to the government how to shift those funds into the resources that people need. So all that to say this. My vision fully and fundamentally is freedom. That people will look back on the generations alive right now and say we shine the light of freedom so clearly, that we decided to come for every single thing that belongs to us and not stop until we get it, that we gave them the tools to keep fighting and that our daughters and their daughters are experiencing a world that not only protects their lives but protects the genius inside of each of of the them. Beautiful. Love listening to her. I want your vision, too, abbey. Yours is beautiful. So i want to hear it and the world wants to hear your vision, abbey. Before i go forward thinking about Going Forward in the future, i always go back. I have to think about all of the women who have helped me, who have been voiceless and nameless in the womens fight. I have to think about honoring their names. Because even though the 19th amendment in the 1920s happen said really we did want get full rights until 65. And that had to happen because of many, many women who decided to do something without wanting anything in return except the rights, except the freedom. And so i think about those women and i think about being in the present deign 2020 and people thinking, like, oh, everythings good now. Well, its just not. Its not good now. We still have work to do. So what im trying to do is not just dismantel the institutions and the systemic racism and sexism that is literally happening every single day, but im trying to rebuild and reimagine what Building Structures from the ground up with women in leadership positions look like, with diversity in leadership positions look like. Because for me the thing that i promised myself at the end of my career was to and of course Corporate America and governments and ptas, more women and leadership, more diverse leadership at the table where decisions are made, these decisions, these products going out into the world, the campaigns we see on a daily basis, if women are not at those seats, at those tables when those decisions are made everything is going to be skewed, everything is going to be sexist, everything is going to be racist. Its going to have bias and we to fight against that. For me im trying to rebuild and reimagine what these institutions can be, but also we have to Start Building institutions made for, built for women, period. Everything we know and experience today is built by men, white men especially. So for the rest of us all were doing our whole life is answering white men, the structure they built has not been built for people like me, for people like brittany, people marginalized in any way to succeed. So thats what im going to be doing and also whatever brittany is doing. My vision is that there are no more firsts, that there are only manies. That we find ourselves surrounded by a world that reflects all of us, by a democracy that lives up to its ideals as flawed as they were at the founding and exceeds them and expands them and does them better. This has been one of the great honors and privileges of my life, and i am so grateful to both of you, and i know everybody who is listening tonight joins me in my thanks and appreciation for you both. Thank you for being here. Onto the next 100. Were at the end of our program but the work, the fight, the commitment to equality goes on. Please stay in this qualification. Commit to more activism, more leadership, more votes. As we continue to celebrate the 100 anniversary of the 19th amendment we challenge you to become citizens. We have tools and resources to help you map out a voting plan, get to the polls and become more active civic leaders. The replay of this program is also available on our website, facebook and youtube pages for the rest of the year. Please encourage those who missed it to watch the program if theyre able. Thank you, again, to all our partners, moderators, speakers, sponsors for contributing to this incredible program. It has been my pleasure to serve as tonights master of ceremonies. We hope youre feeling encouraged and inspired. Thank you thank you for being here. Good night. Every saturday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on American History tv on cspan 3 go inside a Different College cas lm and hear about topics ranging from the american revolution, civil rights and u. S. President s to nine. Thanks for your patience and locking into class. Watch professors transfer teaching to a virtual setting to engage with their students. Gorbachev did most of the work to challenge the sufberaov union. Mattis had originally called it freed omthe use of the press and it is indeed freedom to print things or publish things. Its not a predm in which we refer to institutionally as the press. Lectures in history every saturday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern. Lectures in history also available as a podcast. Find it where you listen to podcasts. Weeknights this month were featuring American History tv programs as a preview of whats available every weekend on cspan 3. On tuesday a look at the 100th anniversary of womens suffrage. Mark the 100th with an encore presentation. Also take a tour of the votes for womens exhibit at the smith sewngen National Portrait gallery. Shell show images of suffrage leaders and political cartoons and explain how the movement intersected. Watch tuesday beginning at 8 00 p. M. Eastern and enjoy American History tv this week and every weekend on cspan 3. Next on American History tv author Rebecca Roberts on the decade leading up to the 19th amendment and how women gained the right to vote through marching, picketing and persistence. The author of suffragist in