they can pack e-mails, which is what they did in 2016 and tried to use the information that they get, if it's embarrassing, for example, to change preferences about a candidate. they can hack into the actual election infrastructure. and then there is the disinformation campaign going on. with regard to the hacking, both in the e-mails and in the infrastructure, part of that is going to be candidates taking their own precautions on their private information. and the infrastructure, that is up to the state mainly to take advantage of funding and services offered by the department of homeland security to address any vulnerabilities in their system. those are the short-term threats. the long-term threat is the disinformation, and that's a little bit harder to identify and patch. it's not just, you know, a loophole in, you know, the way that your voting system works. this is really about information that voters are being bombarded with that can distort their