>> in berlin, administered by the allied forces since the war, khrushchev threatened to force out us, british, and french troops stationed in west berlin if soviet-run east germany was not recognized. >> my father told, "you have to recognize east germany as a state." and of course, americans answered, "no, we don't -- don't recognize you as a state." in berlin, he told, "i will kick you out of berlin." >> the standoff ultimately led to the construction of the berlin wall. >> the epical scientific achievement by soviet russia in beating the united states of america in the race to launch the first man-made moon has all humanity staring heavenward. >> in 1957, when the soviets launched sputnik, a 23-inch polished metal sphere that orbited the earth, it created a panic. >> i can remember the weekends that we spent here in gettysburg under the starlit skies and looking for the sputnik.