Of the best ways to keep away the winter blues. All of a sudden everyone so Health Conscious and its not just about looking good its also about living longer a field thats big business feeling young and fit even into old age but can we afford the costs of so many People Living so much longer. The breakthroughs in science a fascinating in singapore investors a poor ring money into new technologies for longevity german entrepreneur preach off debts that took a look at some of the visionary medical innovations in a country that can afford them. More than fifty years ago it all began here on a small scale which objects now says its hard to imagine today the german businessman is very impressed by singapore. The city state is now a modern and very wealthy country and its citizens are living longer and longer. So how do people live longer and remain healthy thats the central question that slows mind as he heads out for a round of interviews with scientists in the high tech much. First stop a visit to a lab at the Genome Institute scientists here cultivating stem cells used to produce miniaturize simplified versions of the human brain. Clumps of grey matter just a little larger than a grain of rice but we cue potential. In health care we want to see how he never changes at least to the easiest state and we want to see how and when the toxins sort of precipitate the Disease State because once we can create all of these things in the lab or tree we can think about stopping these progressions and if we can do that give us the leap into how we can dance. Developing therapeutics for talking to these patients for example you know. Tremendous opportunities in how we can tackle human diseases. Parkinsons disease is still incurable and until now research into it focused on controversial animal experiments its difficult to carry out research involving humans. And wants to test things on their brain if they dont. So how it will turn out so producing miniature brains allows you to learn much faster and that greatly improves your chances of discovering a drug that will really help fight parkinsons disease you can walk on here. Thats there is an internet entrepreneur and he believes technology will play a key role in making progress. But although the tradition is thousands of years old chinese medicine still plays a major role in health care in the ultra modern fifty. We should. Be governed context for it it seems for three months i believe that in the context of medicine we talk too much about high tech gene manipulation and all those things that are made possible by technology that is on the other hand theres all this ancient knowledge about healing like the use of herbal medicine or just being there for another person and how important is the human relationship for healing a patient how important is it for them to have someone they can talk to someone to contact her. Ok lets. Bring in Singapores National university hospital. Here probably respect doctors they have a responsibility i wouldnt dare take on its one thing to build up a company and take responsibility for it but here its really about life and death. And new methods to repair human beings. To basically print a replacement part for a bone and implant it and then this bone part does. Hobbs over the years and the bone grows back replacing the temporary prosthesis its fascinating its forcing your. Osteo paul a starter here is the company that developed this technology. So this is. A three d. Printer creates bone implants they customized for each individual which means even people with very serious cases can be helped for example when large areas of the skull have been damaged its. Imagine. That you build a wall building and when the building architecture is finished you have to remove the scaffold. We remove the scaffold how do you remove it. By creating it into Carbon Dioxide and water so its a miracle. To buy but the rate at. The most important part over the last ten years we have found we stumbled on a scaffold. Where do they could issue. So those cells have time to grow a. Brain tissue grown in a petri dish bone implants from a three d. Printer detzner wonders how much longer it will be before science can build a human from the ground up. I can call body parts. And number. Because if you dont draw the line than. You are met side dish. A method this is the one that has no limits. I think scientists must have limits. You cannot do everything. Especially when you need to playing god. The scientists who work in fields like these are driven to understand the fundamental puzzle of life though most know its a puzzle that cant really be solved. For each off thats their things thats exactly what makes Research Like this so fascinating. Also fascinating the price tag the Pharma Industry generally puts on life saving medication for most patients especially in the developing world theyre way out of reach no question about that the interesting part is how companies justify raking in all those juicy profits. For years this man suffered from hepatitis c. A viral disease that was destroying his liver. He was forced to spend most of his time in bed. He doesnt want to be identified by name. I get up with my wife at six am have a cup of coffee down again later i go out with the dog for a short walk and was so exhausted that i had to go back to bed. He doesnt know how he contract to this contagious disease. But his doctor provided him with a cure. In twenty fourteen a drug came onto the market which for the first time was able to eliminate hepatitis c. From the body. Blocks the ability of the virus to reproduce and usually after a few weeks there is no trace of it in the patients blood. Dr stefan doctor says a two month course of treatment costs forty thousand euros a price tag he finds unconscionable production costs he says are way cheaper in Germany Health insurance carries the costs but around the world many people cant afford the treatment. There are a number of things that infuriate me about the price first no Health System can really afford this treatment for all patients with hepatitis c. In many parts of the Southern Hemisphere its much more difficult than it is here. The company does offer different prices for various countries but in many European Countries for example its so expensive that the Health System just cant treat everyone. In twenty eleven the u. S. Pharmaceutical company gilliard sciences took over the Biotech Company that had developed the drug it paid nine billion euros for hepatitis c. Drug at ten billion euros in twenty fourteen its first year on the market profits have since fallen but each year the billions continue to pour in. For years the company has defended its pricing policy. Our philosophy bob price is we price interiors so dose countries that are high on the Economic Development index like europe United States we price it higher in those countries that are in the lower price at much lower for instance. Total at one course of treatment we priced about nine hundred dollars but even with temp pricing some cant afford to pay at least in germany everyone with Health Insurance gets treated this man is certainly grateful to have his life back. And im sure hed say its worth every cent lets talk about innovation rights and greed in health care with a philosopher and medical ethicist thats what he is a medical ethicist first of all i got that right the nih yeah well thats of ethics is a branch of philosophy and ethics deals with questions of values and the norm said we have to articulate our values and this is a prospective that is genuine in that it doesnt reduce to what empirical science can tell us and its very valuable to have this perspective today with all the technology and the pickle science around us can we reduce it to a number those someones life how much is my life worth for example well thats what Insurance Companies have to do but you wouldnt put a number on your lifes worth what you. Paid of interesting sions and actually our life is. Most valuable asset if you want to call it such and thats what thats why i would do almost anything and want other people to do almost anything in order to save our lives or prolong on us when it comes to some of this medication i wouldnt be able to afford it i mean people in developing countries wont be able to afford it at all. How how do these Big Companies justify that well the Big Companies are part of a Worldwide Market pharmaceutical Market Health come ocket and. After all were in capitalism so its demand and supply but its also monopoly i mean when you develop a new truck nobody can really sort of tell you how much you can charge for it its just elastic prize other ways though to. Try to enforce these companies to set a standard that all or scale or system that works for people in developing countries as well well there are Big International injustices this is an ethical point in health care but namely you name it in all other kinds of activities also in health care because as you say i mean poor countries cannot afford certain types of medicine that would be very valuable for the population given the health conditions. But there are also. Initiatives and ball political projects that put that aim at bridging this gap and making it less in just thats not also not only just about saving lives its also about staying alive for longer longevity. How does that differ in this debate well on every t is for some people an ideal utopia of medicine. On the other hand one must be very clear that the core of medicine as we know it today is curative that is it cures disease its about treating patients well as long i mean aging isnt a disease so long every t. Is not a project of george of medicine its a project of what i have called the medicine of desire and this is something that probably solidary community of insurers shouldnt pay for and if everyones getting into this everyones on the fitness bandwagon and wanting to live longer can we afford that. Well can we afford it is different from asking can i afford it and if thats my goal and if i want to afford it i want to spend money on this dont think its worthwhile just have to society can i call it amaze support that many People Living not much longer. Big questions and id say that is way beyond the medical questions of demographic question ok well come back to you in a moment stay with us first of all wed like to look at another topic a surgeons job which is never being easy of course working alongside robots in extremely intricate and delicate situations makes it a little more easier as well as lifesaving in many circumstances but doctors have to muster the software involved and standardize aleutians would help in this case which is exactly what physicians and programmers in like sick working on right now. The patient has arrived todays procedure will be an especially tricky one brain surgery that should take around four hours. The patient complained of some visual impairment and fatigue with Imaging Technology we were able to locate a tumor in the area of the pituitary gland directly beneath the surface of the brain. The surgeon performs this operation largely by hand but technology plays a key role every step of the way. Computers supply a constant stream of data on the infected organ and the patients condition it can be hard to maintain an overview. A vital tool during the procedure of these blue forceps. So its an ultrasound of later it destroys tissue with. The operation went well the members of the team are satisfied and the surgeon is relieved he didnt have to get up during the procedure to check the computer that controls the forceps. Its too far away from the operating table. Just not to eat this machine is one that theyre operating surgeon needs to control not an assistant if there even is an assistant in the o. R. I start the moment. To speak to. The neurosurgeon helps found a Research Project at Leipsic University hospital. A dummy operating theatre has been set up at the site to promote digital advances in medicine. Provides the researchers here with concrete information on how to improve the o. R. Like the fact that the vital computer is too far away during surgery. Another problem is that machines made by different manufacturers dont always communicate well with each other. Hed like to control them all with one central program. If you can get the surgeons need to be able to directly control all of the different instruments that are used during a procedure and if its a spending cut or head for example we need to be able to change the rotating speed ourselves. Around thirty programmers and Software Engineers are involved in the i. C. C. S Research Project the millions of euros its cost so far have come from state coffers manufacturers of medical devices will also profit from the project in the long run. We developed these standards in tandem with the industry and its never a good idea to try to do that without them at the end of the day the standards can be used by anyone only when we have standards like this are we able to develop value added functionality in a meaningful way. The engineers and programmers channel the data from all the medical equipment into an interactive control panel. During this test the machines are communicating with one another. I think the future of our technology is digital what you see today is that many devices really dont have a lot of associated support software that a lot of medical machines arent as far down that road as machines are in other areas of industry but i think theyll start using it more and more in the coming years. Before long Smart Software will Start Playing a much more central role in the o. R. Backed up by robots like this one. It cant replace a surgeon yet but it might soon be at least handing over the forceps. So when we go to reach the day that. There are no doctors is that its all or demise. We see in some futuristic philips well that will probably not happen since you can only autumn a time as a put all. Who teen activities and a lot of missing and medical treatment is so intricate and individual that it wont be able to just put it up to machine so its always going to be about aging rather than replacing you think thats an interesting ethically interesting difference i think that one should distinguish between a person aiding or supporting Technology Like an operator of operating as i mean you want to have technology that helps you with your expertise or the human eye for these and on the other hand present replacing all present limits of technology and the trouble is that theres a certain fascination with technology that once you have it you want to have it everywhere so the ubiquity of technology is almost automatic in itself and this is ethically highly. Alarming because its all it all. Its not its not at all clear that wherever we can replace people but technological systems its a good thing to do it. And the costs are also fascinating as i mentioned before with medication this Technology Way talking about surely it costs a lot. Surely it costs a lot but its probably gated with the promise to save costs i mean thats one of the main rationalizations of Pervasive Technology they always tell you its going to save costs at least in the long run yeah its almost never true especially not in Health Care Costs simply are exploding whatever you do so. What road are we going down where where are we going to end up are we going to end up living longer living healthier lives. Or is something missing here well from an ethical point of view with taking into view the good life life as such a form of life i think its so its already a mistake to look only at the Health Care System and not at the way we live because most of our. Diseases and illnesses have to do with the way we live and repairing a disease is completely different from preventing it by house or lifestyle or more responsible lifestyles it is going to thank you very much for coming in and im sure youve heard from your doctor before sports great for your health that leads me to a glaring question why are they so few women in the upper echelons of professional football receive a call this is the sport of bread controversy she spoke about gender inequality with zondervan chair of the Supervisory Board of a board to save a club. Hey guys how about listening to our goals for taking was. Busy enough also compared to anything thats been roles at the one thought and. But how do we get their. Former feet up was it not their once called for women who were more feminine clothing on the beach what if you have a mind like. Tiger to shoot some what bands to attract more people to the stadium. That theres days are over a good current person jamming santino says jim theyre important these should be a priority but in the top flight thats not the case your moneys women have won the world cup twice but not a single one isnt exactly a past president and so it is they only one woman has referred read im in this league homage to both theres one general talked of has women in management positions how to book some quality recently chose Christina Hall and as one of its Vice President s for years the Supervisory Board has head at chairwoman sam. Do you think the vice really opened up to women or are borders needed shipyard along like a doctor but for many years i thought we didnt need closure as that it would somehow equalize on its own but in the past couple of years ive come to realize that yes it might one day happen but it could take a century theres an imbalance not just in terms of pay but even when it comes to the young kids it starts with training weve centers to develop talented Young Players we have professionalism in soccer but its all concentrated on boys and men we have to break this gender split by supporting young girls just as much that means we need the will and we need a lot of investment in terms of both time and money have you ever faced texas and yes ive heard remarks like oh a woman on the board we can sell pink toasters again maybe next year well have pink jerseys because. Im qualified. For this job why doesnt anyone ask me about this its always focused on my being a woman and found no one asked me about my skills and why i was elected. You argue its all about well im money and dont even think about insulting us with a price of processing instead of prize money im not kidding this is what the german routine got out of a woman you will pick up the next evening tonight. Women on the pitch and in minutes when youre old hawking a lofty goal. If youd like to watch any of those reports again just head for our web site and is there something youve been dying to tell me get in touch on twitter thanks for joining us see you again say. The be. The best. The be. The best. The best. The boat. Has no children which makes her feel worthless and incomplete. In a society that expects them to be children this is a burden many married yet childless women in niger suffer from. A wife is only fully accepted upon. A very personal film about the son. Childless women in. 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Us president transform a top aide steve benen has been called to testify to a drench jury over alleged contacts with russian officials ahead of the twenty sixteen election thats according to the New York Times eliot today lawmakers growth ben and over the trump campaigns potential ties to russia