Winemakers across France faced similar devastation, despite desperate last-minute efforts to protect their vines. Some had rented helicopters to hover above their estates and push warmer air toward the ground. Many lit candles or fires, making the country's vineyards appear like glittering cities in the night.
What is most surprising over the last five years is the suddenness and magnitude of the problem
But as climate change progresses, solutions that once worked are no longer as effective. By the end of France's big freeze, at least one-third of this year's wine harvest and many other crops were lost, in what by some estimates was the country's worst agricultural disaster of the century. It may take years for some vineyards to recover.