Candidacy. You can also comment via social media. You can join the conversation,. Hich is quite lively already here is the bismarck news. Trump, whose support from north dakotas National Convention delegates put him over the top. He told the crowd he would eliminate regulations killing the fossil fuel industry. Additional pipeline protections. Here is the washington times. Donald trump has earned enough delegates to wrap up the republican president ial nomination. He put to rest holdouts hopes to somehow derail him. He has moved quickly to consolidate support within the party. He sentthe tweet that out after gaining that nomination. Together we won the republican nomination for president. He attached and Instagram Video. It to you tove speculate on how this whole race is going to go. I dont think it is likely donald trump will be the nominee. Hes not going to be the nominee. Hes not going to be the nominee. Donald trump is not getting to 1237. Realistically, i would not bet a dollar on it. [laughter] donald trump has reached the number of delegates needed to clinch the republican nomination for president. Im so honored. I continue to believe mr. Trump will not be president. That was and Instagram Video put out by the donald trump campaign. , if you are a donald trump supporter. 202 7488001, if you are opposed. Donald trump has clinched the nomination. What do you think . Caller i think it is full of hate. I think he is like hitler. The world would be a horrible place. The racist. On he does not like indians, he does not like blacks, he does not like jews. E is just a gang show up there i think he is full of hate. Host who are you supporting for president . Caller Hillary Clinton. Host why . Caller i think she would know what to do if anything ever happened. Host thank you. Brenda is another opposer. Caller hello, peter. Welcome back. I really miss it i miss you when you are not on here. Im just in shock, peter. Ago i knew president obama would have a tough time because he is a black man. I said to my sister, god gave us barack obama. With the way they are treating him and the way that things are going to allow america to choose the next one. If donald trump wins, then that is what we have chosen. I could not be more sick. This is the most ridiculous candidate. Its like im in a cartoon and it is never ending every of im just too upset to talk. Host that is brenda in houston. Priorities usa, which is an , is supporting Hillary Clinton. Here is the video they put out. [video clip] this is nonaudio video that they put out. This is their reaction to donald trump getting the nomination. Lets go to amber in mapleton, north dakota on our support line. Caller hi. How are you . Host what do you think about donald trump clinching the gop nomination . Caller of course, he is going to become president. He is smart and people who are voting for him are smart. That is why they are voting for him. I believe he is going to make an incredible president. Host what is it about him . What issues attract you. Caller for one thing, he tells it like it is. That is what bothers a lot of people. We are a country of political correctness. About whatso upset people say. The truth hurts sometimes. The fact is, it is the truth. He speaks the truth. Host where is mapleton, north dakota . Caller that is, we are just west of fargo. Host did you think about going over to bismarck to the rally yesterday . Isler well, another thing Trump Supporters have jobs. [laughter] caller a lot of Hillary Clinton supporters im not saying they dont, but they like the handouts. A lot of the clinton supporters like handouts. I did not go to bismarck, but my son, my stepson, did. He took his daughter. He thought he was wonderful. A very intelligent man, he knows what he is talking about, he can do this job. I do believe he will make a great president. Host do you consider yourself a republican . Caller actually, no. To be quite honest. I voted for obama. But look what he did. What did he do . I voted for clinton back in the day. I dont think anyone in this country is a democrat or a republican. I think people have different views. I agree with what democrats say and sometimes i agree with what republicans say. Im not just one party, i never have been. I have voted democrat and republican in the past. Im all for trump. I think he can do something. We need to make America Great again. Is time that something gets done here. Up next is constance in richmond, virginia. Caller good morning. How are you . Host how are you . Caller im a democrat. I believe that donald trump will destroy the world. Like the fact that he is nicknames for everyone. We should call him donnie dork. He is racist. That all of those things will not bring the country together. I oppose donald trump. Is the front page of the Washington Post this morning. This is an analysis piece by dan balls. What has been apparent parent is how little he thinks or ask without artisan instincts of typical politicians partisan instincts of typical politicians. The constituency is certainly more conservative than liberal and more republican than democratic, but the core issues that have brought him to this , which he projects with the posture of a strong man or a bully, speak to a candidate who looks at the electorate far differently than the typical republican or democrat. He became to say that the last man standing in the republican field. It was a group that included prominent governors, ex governors, senators, and others. Trump had the last laugh. Should he now bend to those telling him to run for president another way . Mildred is on our support line. Donald trump has clinched the nomination. What the think . Caller i think it is wonderful. Host why . Caller because i think we are tired of these politicians who get to washington and do nothing. The American People have had it. That is why i think they are leaning toward donald trump. As a businessman, he will get the job done. Thank you. Host paul is in pennsylvania on the oppose line. Caller how are you doing . Host how are you . Caller im great. It is hard to believe we are at this point in history. Are we ready to write the history book where we elected the first black president and then we followed that up by electing the first racist president . The man is a racist. Thats all i have to say. Thanks. Host that is paul in pennsylvania. I wish paul had stayed on. I would like to have asked him why he said donald trump is a racist. Caller im right here. Host go ahead. Caller he starts his campaign by saying mexicans are rate this rapists. Anybody who thinks a whole demographic is one thing negative like that that is the definition of bigotry, isnt it . To judge the whole of mexicans. Some of them might be ok, though. Youve heard all of the things he has said. The blacks love me. Black people dont like to be called the blacks. There have been so many things he has said. He is obviously a racist. He is mentally unstable, i think. Thats all i have to say. Host here is derek on our facebook page. I will vote for him again because of not stupid enough to believe everything the Mainstream Media tells me. Richard is in minneapolis on our support donald trump line. Good morning. Caller good morning. Candidates the other miss the issues. All you have to do is watch washington journal. Theye are calling in and are having to train their replacements in china, the jobs are leaving this country and the whole country is devastated. People cant find work. They have illegals taking our jobs. I want donald trump to maybe add to his campaign slogan. Make America Great again. One of the Campaign Slogans should be let bill clinton date again. Do you consider yourself to be a typical republican . Caller i guess im an independent. I have been attending the Democratic Caucus in minnesota. I believe in a lot of the democratic ideas, but the other candidates just missed it. They missed the jobs issue. Host what kind of work have you done in the past . Caller electronic technician. Yeah. For calling in. We have another richard calling in from birmingham, alabama on the oppose donald trump line. Caller how are you doing . Host how are you . Caller i think that this is unbelievable that they can even think about electing a person like this. He is going to say anything to get elected. It is worst than the worst politician that i have seen. Im 63 years old. When bush was elected, i moved to france. I can back when barack obama was elected. I saw how the politicians on the right were treating barack obama , how they did not get half the things that he couldve had done for the United States. They did not let him do half of it. They could have let him do a lot more and they could Work Together and they would not have this trump problem. Most americans are ordinary americans with an ordinary it a magic tatian education. A lot of them are not that educated. It is just quite sad. It would never happen in a country like france or germany. Where they have a high iq. Wins, do youtrump see yourself moving back to france . Caller yes. There is no way i can stay here. Host what kind of work have you done . Caller i have done a lot of different type of work. In certain places. And governmental work. I mixed the two together. Nice to stay in a country that understood what was going on. Americans think we control the world. When bush was president , we attacked iraq. America while i was there. But this is unbelievable. Richard inis birmingham, alabama. Here is donald trump in north dakota yesterday. [video clip] mr. Trump if you look at what has happened, tremendous support from all over the country. Senators, congressmen, governors. Approval is up to over 90 . That is tremendous, from where it started. I won the elections in landslides. Very important to say. We go to new york, we win him a 62 of the vote with three people running. We go to pennsylvania, which i think we will do amazingly well Hillary Clinton wants to put the coal miners out of business and the steel mills out of business. I think im going to win pennsylvania easily. , delaware,onnecticut rhode island. We had tremendous success when we went to indiana. That is incredible. Bobby knight helped in all fairness. We will have tremendous successes. The thing i think im most proud of, the fact that im watching hillary instead of hillary watching me. We were supposed to be going into july and a lot of people said it would not be solved during the convention and there would be a new convention in august and here i am watching hillary fight and she cant close the deal. That should be such an easy deal to close, but she is unable to close the deal. So im watching her and we will see what happens. Host john is calling in from florida on air support donald trump line. It is the best thing that has happened to this country for a long time. Ive got something to comment about cspan. You guys are so liberal on the show anymore. Ive been watching for 20 years. You will be trump up so bad on the show. Everybody but one guy that you had on your was against him. All these people you have on the show come you never put anybody on there for donald. You beat him up. Fox halfway beats him up. He has one because americans are tired of the illegals. That guy from france, get rid of that guy. We are tired of them people in this country taking our jobs, taking everything weve got. They get earned Income Credit and have kids in mexico, cousins, everything else. We are paying 20 billion he year. Let those democrats go on. Like that guy from france. You let him talk for two full minutes. We are sick of these illegals and these democrats. I dont know how anybody can vote for a criminal like hillary. They will destroy the country like obama has. I hope you straighten out on cspan because i hate to quit watching the show, but you all are getting so liberal. And you in 35 days ago cut me off and i did not get in again, for 35 days. You all hung up on me before i got to talk. So, how about changing your policy and turned back to the conservative views . Host immigration is a big deal to you . Caller yes, it is. They took my kids jobs and run them out of business. They are getting all the medicare care. All these muslims coming into this country, we are putting them on disability, were putting them on welfare, they are paying them everything. These democrats dont even want to check to see if they are a terrorist. Liberals causing all the trouble. Trump is exactly right on everything. Ever since he started, ive not called him a liar one time. I sure hope he wins and he will straighten this country out. Host is that everything you wanted to say . Caller thanks for letting me have my piece. Host thanks for calling in. Ill is from the h newspaper. Hillary clinton slams donald trump in a cnn interview. She said, im ready for his Fantasy Campaign and the outrageous rings things he is going to say. The arrange his comments are literally being heard around the world. That is not who we are as americans. Marcus is in freeville, new york. Oppose donald trump line. Caller i just want to say that most of what donald trump says is false. Most of his statements are completely false or pants on itifact. Cording to pol he says that all of the other candidates are way too influenced by the elite money and politics, but he is a member of the elite himself. To dealks like electing with prostitution a pam. Pimp. P. I think he is a disgusting individual. Host betty, what do you think . Caller it frightens me. I saw a documentary three weeks ago. It was called you and trumped trumped. Been it was the people who lived in the area about people who lived in the area where he built his golf course. Host we are listening. Caller well me know what howld trump tells us about he does things. It shows how he does business. It shows how the people in that area, how he treats people, what he thinks of people, what he thinks of habitats. Eminent domain, all of those things. I saw the documentary on tv. It is also online. Youve beenalled trumped. Oneer it was on pivot morning when i could not sleep. Host Hillary Clinton reacted to donald trump clinching the nomination yesterday in california. [video clip] week, senator sanders and i, our supporters together have so much more in common than we do with donald trump. People say to me, you talk about trump a lot. I will tell you why. Because what he is saying is dangerous and divisive. Harmful tosaying is our future and our country. Obamaesident, president heering [cheering] our president is in japan today meeting with our closest allies. When he went to the formal press conference that ends events like that, he said he reported that the leaders of our friends are rattled by what donald trump is saying and what he is promoting and what he stands for. I will tell you what, the best way to reassure ourselves and the rest of the world is to make ,ure that donald trump host from jennifer harpers column, senator Bernie Sanders is the busiest of the remaining trio of president ial hopefuls. These selfdescribed socialist begins his weekend long california swing friday. His destinations sound like an oldschool train announcement. Esther sanders will make stops san pedro, santa barbara, santa maria, bakersfield, and fresno. The all important california primary is just over a week off, so expect much activity from the determined challenger. What choice to californians have in this election . The biggest one of all. You have the power to choose a democraticon for the party, mr. Sanders advises voters in new campaign ad. Trumpican Campaign Donald has a brief sojourn in the golden state leading into the holiday weekend. He is stopping only and fresno and san diego. On sunday, he will be in full grassroots patriotic mode, joining Rolling Thunder in the Nations Capital the massive motorcycle ride dedicated to veterans, pows, and those still missing in action. Live today on cspan, we will be covering his rally in san diego. Joining us now, why are you supporting donald trump . Caller back when bill clinton was he cut off the vote for middle eastern people. That is why you got from west coast to alaska and all the state in between host russell, if you could just caller we have people running businesses from clintons executive initiative. And you could still go out to new york today, and there is still host can you give us a source for this information . Caller that money right there host russell, could you give us a source . Caller speak support people and let them host that was russell in South Carolina. This is kenny in new york city on our opposed donald trump line. Caller thank you. You expose what is going on in america now. The bigotry that is going on, the hatred. All of these people is talking and supporting him. I am from new york. It is amazing, the bigotry and hatred. That igoing on in this country now. We elected our first black president. What is going on now, you see the hatred. I am so disappointed in our country. So disappointed. Somebody tells you they are a donald trump supporter, do you reach a conclusion about that person . Caller no. They want change in our country. I understand out. But the hatred in our country, when you see what is going on in our country, there is so much hatred. It is amazing. This man is leading the Republican Party. Is the leader of the Republican Party. And he spews so much hatred. Kenny in new york city. Rachel is next, in ohio. Good morning. Caller hi. Host donald trump has clinched the nomination. Caller ok. I just want to say that, regarding donald trump, that there are so many people, like Billy Crystal there is nothing but jealousy for him. They are so jealous that he is a he has made a good living and all that, and why does he want to be president , you know. They are so jealous. That is a word that has not been for, and that is mostly these other men, and it is mostly the man, who complain about him, for one reason or another. I just want to save the need a leader to say we need a leader. Do you see a leader anywhere . Trump a can ask donald question, and he has an answer for him. So mainly, we need a leader. And everyone is but in control. And he gave us donald trump. He is going to be our leader. I do not see any other possibility. That is all i have to say and i thank you very much. Host did you support him in the ohio primary . We will never know, she hung up. Gary in georgia. Hello. Caller how are you doing. Host how are you . Caller all right. This is the most ridiculous situation i have seen in the country and i grew up in the tail end of segregation. A nation of civilian of civilization that continues to who stuff on the installment plan to read that is what is happening. I am not great or anything, but but i great hillary fan, am not a donald graham. I am looking for a person who can run this country period, from the standpoint of trying to an evencountry back on keel. We do not have that. At all. Host is that all you want to say . Caller yes. Host thank you. Front page of usa today. Vice president ial rankings. Corker at the top, gingrich at play. Gop vice six potential president ial nominees donald trump may pay, beginning with senator bob corker of tennessee, need gingrich, senator joni ernst of iowa, nikki haley, the South Carolina governor, and marco rubio. Calling in from South Carolina on our support line. Caller thank you for taking my call. We are glad trump is risky is at in the elections. We hope he succeeds. We are sure we feel. As far as hatred, we only see side. On the democratic violence, hatred, anything you can think of in a negative way. As far as foreign leaders being upset about trump, we hope they are, because we want our country we want we what what hat with a have and please stop putting Hillary Clinton on this early in the morning. She is impossible to stomach. Host why do you support donald trump . Is it an economic thing caller years ago, i had a business with about nine employees. Since 2008 and the crash, all of my employees were gone, and i am out here working by myself now, competing against foreign labor. Not even citizens. We are fed up with it. I just really hope trump succeeds. Host so the immigration issue is one that concerns you. Caller one of many. Host did you support donald trump in the primary . Caller i certainly did. Host thank you. Bill in ohio is next. Bill is gone. Lets go to anne in Pilot Mountain, north carolina. Good morning. Listen, the American People had a choice during the whole process of the republican primaries. They chose trump. Because heose trump is saying the right things. And they are standing with him, because Hillary Clinton has history. And her history is very dark. Not only when she was in the white house, when her husband was president , but she has thing, with this server in her own home, and not giving out her emails, like they are required to do. Lighterer darkness any because of an ghazi of benghazi. I do not think the American People have learned the true truth about Hillary Clinton host do you consider yourself a traditional republican . Myself a trueider american. And i follow the process of the Republican Party more so than the Democratic Party. If truth be known, i would choose to be an independent. But because, when you go to the primaries, you have to choose one or the other, i choose to stand in the republican camp. But the American People, with all the technology we have, can learn reach truth. We just have to be diligent and look at everything. Will donald trump make America Great . I do not necessarily think so. Will he ring some jobs back . He probably will. But he may in the process destroy some of our environment. He is not very keen on environment. And without our national parks, our farmers, and rural america, america will not be anymore. Host tell us about Pilot Mountain, north carolina. Caller Pilot Mountain sits between the virginia line and winstonsalem. It is a rural community. A lot of the businesses in our small city have gone away. Great asmy is not as it used to be, when there was a lot of the tobacco industry, with reynolds and lorillard l orelai. People are looking for different ways to make a living. They are all in hopes donald trump will bring some of that back. I am not opposed to having other people from other parts of the world coming to the United States to better themselves, but they need to do it in a legal process, not sneaking in, either through Canadian Border different means, nor through the borders to our south. And i cannot say i am for theyng up a wall, because climb over walls. But i would like to see our immigration system better. I support all of the Border Patrol people. Their job is very difficult. And i support our Law Enforcement people. ,hey have a lot to deal with with the drug situation here in the United States. That, ifnot believe Hillary Clinton gets into the white house, any of the things i have mentioned will be any better. It will be the same old, same old. Let you go at that point. We will talk to anthony in new jersey on our oppose donald trump line. Good morning. I really appreciate cspan. I believe you give us the truth. You have both sides speak their minds. I think the republicans have finally nominated a snake Oil President snd that Abraham Lincoln and Teddy Roosevelt are spinning in their graves. In the early part of the 20th century, there were candidates all of theho blamed social and economic problems of the world and their country on foreigners and immigrants and minorities. They had violence at their rallies. They demanded personal allegiance to them. These people were not nationalists, they are national socialists. I believe that is the program that is being offered by the , who always speak of personal freedoms. Now they are selling out to national socialism. But i reallyong, think i am right. Time will tell. From the wall street journal, this is a poll. Advantages he will bring change to washington. 55 to 22 over Hillary Clinton. Handle the economy, advantage 36 . O clintons advantages handle foreign policy. To 29 percent. And this question voters prefer a democrat over republican as the next president , 47 to 43 . Next call is jim in new castle, delaware. Caller how are you doing. Host how are you . Caller we had a foggy headed morning because we were celebrating 1237. Host are you being sarcastic . Caller i am telling the truth. Everyone is ecstatic infighting in the party has come to an end. I am for donald trump, because he is a straight mouth in washington. When you drive down to washington, all of the businesses are full of people, and everything is green and lush and everyone looks like they have more money in their pockets than they need. The rest of the country is hurting bad. Washington does not get the fact that their policies led to so much poverty, so much displacement. It is time for somebody to go into washington and put that in its place. I think donald trump is the man to do it. There are so many regulations that create a situation where you cannot create a business. There are so many handouts that people do not even consider working anymore. This has to stop in america. Lets get back to good old american values, where people can work for a living, start a business and support their families, and they do not have to worry about thousands of nonsensical regulations and uncle sam looking over their soldier older. Lets make america a sensible place to live. That is what he is all about you the people who claim he is racist are racist themselves. Look at what the government has done to the minorities. They have put them on a plantation just so they can get their vote. Donald trump. This nonsense. Host what work do you do . Now, i have been displaced by this terrible economy, but i have been working in a Research Capacity in a major industry that works in food. Major problemg a selling food. You will see Grocery Stores go under. Big companies are going under because people do not have the money to spend. Host d thing donald trump has a chance of winning delaware . Caller i do. People are so fed up. The only people i talked to for Hillary Clinton are at the union halls. They think that their children will still work for general andrs and chrysler motors, dupont as union employees, and that will not have been three of those companies are gone because of regulation and interference from the government. An upperela is marlboro, maryland in the suburbs. Ihave the right number apologize. I did not have the right. And start again. Caller hello. Thank you for taking my call. I hope i am on the number that opposes trump. Him, as doy oppose world leaders. Donald trump is the cancer the gop has created and allowed to flourish. He is a reflection of the gop. He is the face of the gop. As such, he is the face of racism, which is being discovered toward against people based on their race, religion. Out of his own mouth, he said he will round up all of the muslims , stop all of the muslims from coming into the country. The mexicans, he will build a wall. ,e is the face of misogyny which is the hatred of women. Thatupreme Court Justices he has a list, he got those names straight from the heritage group, which is a think tank, very conservative. The gop has allowed him to flourish. He was one of the first ones to, out with the movement against our current president obama, who is the only president who is able to other should the souls of the 3000 poor americans who were murdered in 2001 under bushs watch. Our president was the only one to avenge those souls by killing osama bin laden. And he never got the credit for it. Callers aree their wordsabout about the illegals have done this, the muslims have done that he appeals to the base, the most negative core, other country. You theysomeone tells are a trump support or republican, do you draw conclusions . Caller the Trump Supporters i have talked with, they are bigots and racists. Who is ofoworker spanish dissent, and she hates the mexicans. It is beyond me. And you can barely understand her. And she is a trump supporter. The people he appeals to is a reflection of that. Ost pamela in Upper Marlboro lets finish with ronald in arlington, virginia. Another opposer. Oppose donald trump . Caller i think he will perpetuate be further division of america. I have been worried about it for a long time. Political parties are past their prime. I wish we had an independent party. As i listen to most of the callers, the crash of 2008 was previous to president obama. George w. Bush had more executive orders than obama. , andady in the rural area the businesses that were shot down, have a lot more to do with large corporations stifling Small Businesses. I am concerned that maybe the idolism of donald trump. I look at pictures of nazi germany and i see the same things happening. The same people in their faces, idolizing this socalled leader that will make America Great again. I always ask why is not America Great now . What is stopping us now . Is elected president , he still has to work with the political establishment. He has to work with the three forms of government we have host do you think Hillary Clinton can bridge some of the issues you talked about. Caller no. I really wish we had an independent party. I wish we could form a coalition. The top five things, the top 10 things the country need. And we tell the political parties, be it trump or clinton if you do, and say these things, you win our vote. We have it backwards. We are leading them tell us what they are going to do. It. They will not do i believe the system is corrupt. I appreciate cspan. You are not highest. You do a fair job. People can talk on this show. The corporate media, you cannot talk on their shows. They will not even allow it. If you want to ask me questions, id appreciate it. I appreciate your time, but we have to move on because we have two band segments coming up. We will talk to todd cox about criminal Justice Reform. He is with the think tank centers for american progress. After that, author and george professorersity law Frank Buckley will talk about his book the way back restoring the promise of america. Journal. Ashington this memorial day weekend on American History tv on cspan three nam, saturday at 6 00 eastern on the civil war. Not agree mored about the time he captured atlanta. His thoughts had fully matured. Again, a rebel army had been defeated and another major city had fallen and still the confederates would not give up. Rather than continue their futile war against people, he would wage war against property. The georgia historical on unionresident general sherman, arguing the march to the sea campaign was hard war rather than total war, and that his targets were selected to diminish southern resolve to you on american artifacts, take a tour with mitch mcconnell, viewing some of the oldest rooms in the capito l. I had the good fortune to actually be here august 28, 1963, when Martin Luther king made the i had a dream speech. I confess, i could not hear a word, because i was on this and of the mall, and he was at lincoln memorial, looking at thousands and thousands of people. But you knew you were in the presence of something significant. At 8 00 on the presidency, former aides to Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon talk about the role of president s during the vietnam era. About thatished chore about that war every day. That is not an overstatement. The daily aday counts. Daily body counts. The calls into the situation room, to see if carrier pilots had returned. Joinedorian h w brand is by tom johnson and Alexander Butterfield to explore the president s foreign policy. On reel america, our fivepart series on the 1975 Church Committee hearings, convened to discuss the secret activities of the cia and fbi. By leaders and others. We are here to review the major findings of our domestic intelligence, including the call Intel Program and other programs aimed at a mistake targets. At domestic targets. Fbi looking at civilian groups. Of several specific cases unjustified intelligence operations. For the complete American History tv weekend schedule, go to cspan. Org. Washington journal continues. Cox is the director of the criminal Justice Policy group at the center for american progress. How Many Americans have criminal records . In threearly one americans. The barriers associated with this are lifelong. Barriers to employment, education, housing. We have a new report that shows those barriers and those consequences with families and childrens of those with criminal records. Nearly one into American Children have parents with a criminal record. The lifelong consequences for children are almost the same. Income, savings, and the like. Host how did we get to the point where 100 million americans or so have criminal records. What type are included in these . America has 4 of the World Population and 20 of its prison population. We have 2. 1 million folks in prison. It goes beyond that. We are the leader of arrests in the world. All of that associates with this notion that people have criminal records. Theycould be minor, it could be considered serious matters. It is really be over criminalization of our criminal Justice System. Over policing and our communities. That has led us to this place. This,how did we get to over policing and mandatory minimums . Guest the socalled war on drugs. Four decades of trying to focus, with good intent, on trying to address and discouraged drugs. Crack cocaine. Some of they, policies the crime and of 1994, the disparities between crack and powder cocaine exacerbated the problem. We saw an increase of incarcerations in the federal system after the crime bill. That also became an example for states to follow and they also increase the number of folks they incarcerated. Also look at prosecutors, the discussion they have to prosecute folks, sometimes low level folks, to get to more serious offenders. Put the numbers up your we will be talking about criminal Justice Reform todd cox from the center of the american progress. The area code. 7488000 four democrats. 7488001 for republicans. 7488002 for independents. We have a separate line. If you have experience working in or as someone who has been arrested some experience with the criminal Justice System we want to hear your explains as well. 202 7488003 we want to hear your experience as well. 202 7488003. In an oped on the hill, you is 7. 5 billion dollars, seven times what it was in the early 1980s and now takes up one quarter of the department of justices budget. Guest it is a costly cannot afford to bear. The article is something we produce with one of our coalition partners, heart of the coalition of Public Safety. A rightleft coalition. Costs, the over incarceration, but also has cost to individuals and entire families. To fix this have system, to direct our punishment to those who really deserve it. Song there is a legislation moving through congress now. What is it and are you supportive . Guest we are. There is a bill called the sentencing reform act of 2015 that is in the senate. A bipartisan piece of legislation. It has a provision that focuses on sentencing reform. Redirecting our mandatory minimums. Reducing of them, in many cases. Redirecting them towards people who need to be kept in prison. Reducing them for nonviolent drug offenders. Most importantly or equally important is Prison Reform. Offering opportunities for folks who participate in regional Edition Programs a chance to be released early on during supervision and get reintroduced into society and get training. There is a companion sentencing bill in the house. A companion Prison Reform bill that mirrors closely the senate version. There is another bill pending in both houses called the pair chance out fair chance act. That offers an opportunity to get at these barriers when it comes to criminal records. That would ban the box, david federal employers and contractors to ask about criminal backgrounds until sometime later in the employment process, so you get a chance to actually qualify for the job am a without the bias of having a criminal record. After that point, they can ask and take that into consideration. Host you talked about the war on drugs and mandatory minimums of previous generations. Is the pendulum swinging all the other way now . Guest in the sense that we are seeing bipartisan interest in , whereing the over swing we have wrapped up people into the system that really should not be there. I think a lot of us are agree that judges should have some discretion. They should not be handcuffed, so to speak, in terms of how they sentence folks. An example one person who received a commutation recently sentences tion probation sentences in the state, but then was taken on a federal charge. Because of the prior probation sentences, received life in prison. The judge was regrettable. A lot of us think that the judge should have more choice. Allow people to take a program to get off drugs or have a chance, other than being incarcerated, to get on with your life. The pendulum has swung too far in one direction. We at trying to swing it back to the point where we can protect and keep the public safe and in so doing reduce prison costs. Calls. Ets take brian is in marlborough, massachusetts. I want to talk about a solution to a criminal justice. I think ending the drug war, legalizing drugs, and releasing every now and then drug offenders. Since Richard Nixon proposed the drug war in the 1970s, it was proven to be a fraud. A Richard Nixon aide admitted about thewere lying drugs i was wondering about that. Host legalization of drugs. Guest my organization does not have a position on that, but i wanted to touch on one point which was that there was a recent accounting or discussing of a former aide of president nixon, saying the war on drugs was trumped up or done under the impact thisg of would have on people of color. But we did not need that admission to know that impact. We know that a disproportionate people of prison, 60 in prison, are people of color. Are 30 percentns of the population, a significant more amount in the prison population. The solution we are talking to amelioratened a lot of the problems we have identified. To your point, we know also the war on drugs has this impact someone has admitted. Columbia,ael is in maryland. What is your experience with the criminal Justice System . Forer i was a prosecutor ideas and was a public defender. So i had experience on both sides of this issue. Arehilosophy is when there laws, people need to abide by them. I amnal philosophy libertarian when it comes to drug use. If they were legal, i would not care. But when you take them when you know they are illegal and are taking part in it, there needs to be some punishment. The issue is that people want to not take personal responsibility. And now focusing on the offenders, we are not focusing on the victims. A lot of the crimes assisted who haveuse our people to deal with cars being broken into, neighborhoods being unsa fe. If someone is addicted, they area they are involved in. You focus on the people addicted to drugs and drug dealers, just because they are nonviolent, is doing a disservice to victims. Guest no proposal is focusing exclusively on the offenders, so to speak, or the folks who are incarcerated. All of these proposals are designed to increase Public Safety. An example the council of Public Advisors in the white house produced a report that pointed out increasing the number of folks in prison does nothing to reduce crime. We are interested in making sure that communities are safe. Communities that are, by and large, people of color, talking about situations where there is a great deal of concern about crime, we need to have systems and policies in place that ensure Public Safety. What these proposals do is redirect resources, redirect and toward minimums toward those who prison and away from nonviolent folks. Not saying that these folks will not get opportunities for rehabilitation or opportunities to somehow reintegrate into society, but not be put away for life, for example. When you are incarcerated, you do not get the opportunity you need in order to improve your life. We know prisons are incubators an enhanced criminal actor. Host prior to joining the american progress, he served in the obama administration. He has been a civil rights lawyer. A lawyer at doj. A graduate of princeton and university of penn law school. Capitol heights, maryland, what is your experience in the criminal Justice System . Caller good morning. I find that we are not under a lawful system. It is the color of law. Is guest, though he progressive, the main thing is the contract with foreign entities. The whole system is based on a fraud. They have to address the legal fiction. In have to keep your name up law case contacts. As long as you do that, they cannot violate your solvency. In a courtroom, the first thing you see is a flag with yellow ruffles. They are influencing maritime law when they are supposed to be implementing common law your point. K we got how you feel about the criminal Justice System. What has been your experience with it . I maintain my solvency. The only thing that frightens me is legal fiction that threatens me is legal fiction. Naturalthere as a person and they cannot address it. Host lets talk to david, a republican in new jersey. I have three quick points. My number one point is what in the world is over policing . This is a term liberals have come up with that make no sense. This guy is straight from the liberal playbook. Over policing makes no sense. My second point is all of these people like him and i grew up on the south side of chicago. My brother still lives there. I have relatives in birmingham, and former inlaws in baltimore, maryland. I have been in three different byces that are just ravaged crime. One thing that is never said is all of these people like mr. Cox that want to let all of these people out and i am black, just for the record they know none of these people, which they call lowlevel, are going to be living next to them. He does not live in these crime ravaged neighborhoods. They are going to be released, and they will make these neighborhoods, already reeling from crimes, make these communities worse. No thought whatsoever to that. He probably lives in his comfortable, middleclass suburban place with good school systems. He is never going to feel the impact of this. My last point is when you talk about lowlevel drug dealers, if a drug dealer is on my block or next door to me, there is no such thing as a lowlevel drug dealer. This is criminal activity that will put people at risk, even for their lives host lets get a response to over policing, lowlevel socalled lowlevel crime. , orwhere these criminals these former inmates, will live. Over in regard to policing, that is in reference to my own experience and experience of many where we as a society have made conscious choices as to where we concentrate our Law Enforcement and how we treat folks and that context. I live in the district of columbia, east of the river, so to speak. Most of the river, a majority are very welly, protected by the police. Yet, those communities do not worry about being stigmatized or targeted as folks who live in those communities. On my side of the river, so to are securitylice officers in our schools. Public defender, oftentimes, we would prosecute School Fights. Why are we prosecuting School Fights . Because the people breaking them up our lease offices. To criminalize what is normally a childhood activity. We talk about the school to prison pipeline. We put folks he would not normally be in the criminal Justice System in that system and put them in a path to become more expert at being offenders and violators of our criminal laws. That is what we mean about over policing. One example of communities being scrutinized simply because they are a committee were crime exists and are being scrutinized that is frankly in a way that is not fair. With those released from prison, interested in safety of a we are part of a coalition called the coalition of Public Safety. Our top priority is ensuring Public Safety to the way you do that is by prioritizing resources to those who would cause the most harm to our communities. The way you also do that is ensure at the back and that when people have the opportunity to come out of prison and people will, out of prison. 600,000 people will be released regardless of what happens on Justice Reform when they come out of prison, they have to receive opportunities for rehabilitation and for education. The president has taken steps to allow held grants be available to those pursuing college. The we also have to take down barriers to education and housing. If someone has a job, we know that reduces the possibility for recidivism. Studies prove them. Same for housing. People coming out of prison have rehabilitative services, if they are addicted to drugs. There are Wraparound Services that make sure that continues after they are released. It is a complete package we need to consider. We should be careful not to stigmatized and entire Population Based on experiences. In west hartland, connecticut. What has been your experience with the criminal Justice System . Yes. R i am a first time caller, first of all. About nineed was years ago, i was arrested for dui. What happened was because i held a cdl license, a blood alcohol level of. 04 is considered over the limit. I was arrested. I went to court. My lawyer said i needed 10,000 to take the case to court. The point. Ave it at he says we will give you a deal. They sent me to jail for 72 days. I went to jail. I was in there less than 30 days. They had a program in the prison had tothat people explain what they did. I told them i had a. 0 four average, but i held a cdl i was laughed at in the whole criminal Justice System. The following day, the warden called me and says if you can find somebody to pick you up, we can send you home. Host we have the story a little. What do you think about criminal Justice Reform . Caller something has to be done. Right now that is why i am talking to you now. I am stuck here at home. I cannot leave the house. Cannot do anything. If i do, i will end up going to jail. I went to my old employers. They would love to give me my job back, but without the cdl license, i cannot even get there to work. Host we got the point. Any reaction . Guest that points to the need that we take care of these barriers to reentry. One in three folks have a criminal record. That kerrys lifelong barriers, in terms of opportunity to get a education, and housing. The administration has taken some steps to make sure federal employers and agencies are not asking the question about criminal background until some point in the process. We also have to look at licensing as the caller mentioned. Offered to folks to do certain things. We have people trained to be barbers in prison but cannot be a license to be a barber externally. We have to look at all of those employment barriers. Make sure folks have an opportunity to Reenter Society in a meaningful way. We know that reduces the possibility of recidivism. Host a republican tom cotton of arkansas. He said it is deeply divisive, in part because there are a large number of senators and congressmen who do not think criminals are vague terms. They think are victims. They think criminals are criminals. Not many senators or congressmen want to be responsible for the murder or rape of innocent civilians out on the street. Guest the senator is wrong about how divisive issue is. We are part of a rightleft coalition. A large number of people have come on board in the senate bill. There are folks with legitimate concern about what the process would be, in terms of how we deal with folks who have come out. We have reassured people we are not releasing people willy nil ly. There is a process that involves the judge, prosecutors, and others, to make sure that if people have the opportunity have the ability to be released pursuant to a change in law that this is the right this is an to make. More senators have come on board to support the bill. Host joe is calling from maryland. What is your experience with the criminal Justice System . Caller it is primarily in the Prince Georges County court system. My son was an addict. I had to appear in court with him a number of times because of various offenses he got arrested for. When i went to court, it was overflowing with people. Probably 90 of the people that went before the judge, the cases were dismissed because either a witness did not show up or a Police Officer did not show up. I then went and started copying down some of the names, because they are listed on the docket. I went on maryland judiciary, just to get a flavor for these if they are one time or two time offenders. In most cases, they had several pages of offenses. And in a lot of cases, instead of being prosecuted or put on probation, they were let go, as if nothing happened, because, as i said, officer did not show up, witness did not show up or that is my experience. I was appalled at the fact that, because my sons officer showed up, he got charged, he was on probation. Whereas 90 of the other people were let go as if nothing happened. Host what would you like to see done when it comes to reform . Caller something has to be done. Not dismissing the case, just because somebody does not show up. Have another court date and face the music. They get away with it. Most of them walked up there almost arrogantly, because they knew their witness was not there, the officer was not there, and they knew they would walk. Host we got the point. Guest thank you for that call. Justice system is broken. One of the point the caller made is that the front end of the system, which happens before convictions, we need tightening. One way to think about that is who findal with folks themselves encountering the criminal Justice System. When wire when i was at the system, iustice served in a group that had Police Officers, public and other prosecutors stakeholders in the criminal Justice System. We try to work through waste to address work through ways to address the front and. Figuring out ways to address the issue short of going into a process where we are prosecuting someone. So if someone has a drug givetion, one way we can them the opportunity to get off drugs so they are not stealing or processing for possessing contraband. That is one thing we can do to address the concerns of the caller. One thing we can consider is a wayhe process exists in to protect peoples rights. If a witness does not show up, that is frustrating. To the accused has a right confront his or her accuser. That is part of the process. A bigger picture. What do we do with folks who encounter the criminal Justice System. How do we tailor our response to fit a crime and the individual. Host we are talking about criminal Justice Reform with todd cox from the center for american progress. We are talking to midge. Caller i am wondering if you have an opinion on the effect of a lot of forprofit prisons being responsible for maybe the large amount of incarcerations. And also the huge amount one third of the people having a criminal record. Privatization of the criminal Justice System is a huge concern. A need to think about it in number of different pockets. In regard to the prisons, it is a question of accountability. If you are a prisoner at the federal level or the state counterpart, there is a sense that we, as citizens, have the opportunity to hold them accountable. They are government actors. When you create the barrier between substance between citizens and government actors by putting a private entity in the midst, you miss the opportunity to get real accountability. I have examples of trying to access clients and get them services in a private system. What the privatization going on, even in the probation areas, to aree diversion areas problematic. Many jurisdictions, if you are put on probation, will put you into a privately run probation system. Not only are you associating yourself with the fees and fines associated with the criminal feeice, you also have a from the company to participate in the Probationary Services they provide, whether they be Treatment Services or an ankle bracelet. We need to be careful about these alternatives folks come up with that may look to privatization as a tour without understanding their additional problems they create. Next is james in st. Louis. What has been your experience in the criminal Justice System . Caller unfortunately, way too much. The comment i wanted to make is that what people do not understand is that these young come into the criminal Justice System, they do not have anything to be proud of. They are inculcated into the system. They do a 30 or 94 120. 90 or 120. That becomes a badge of honor. They do not have anything else to be proud of. They have no shortage or pay in the a 30 or 90 county, and they eventually catch a bigger charge and go from county to state prison. It is crime school. Oris the only structure training available to them. I do not think people in the real world get that. They do not understand it. It is sort of a badge of honor. Host you say you have experience. What has been that experience . I have several charges, did several host stints in jail . Caller yes. Mostly drugrelated and assault charges. Host what is your current status . Caller i am disabled. Host are you on parole in any way . Caller yes. I am out of the system. I am one of the lucky ones. I do not know what the solution is, but you have to host i think we got your point. Todd cox, he talked about crime school and a point of pride, getting these sentences. To largerspeaks issues. We need to talk about this holistically. We talked about how people need to deal with the barriers with dealing with the criminal record. That feedommunities into our criminal Justice System lacked opportunities across the board. Good education opportunities, employment opportunities. Not incorrect in saying that sometimes, entry into the criminal Justice System or activities associated with it is one way of dealing with that. It is not an excuse. We just know it to be the case when you lack opportunity. I talked about the school to prison pipeline. We have done a study about how kids are being expelled in preschool. How that puts you into a system that leads you into the criminal Justice System. If we can fix that front and stuff, we can get at a lot of the problems we are talking about well in the system. The other point i would make is prison is an incubator. You may go in as a lowlevel drug offender, but if you keep sending someone to prison for longer and longer periods of time, you are not doing anyone any good. Not the individual or society, when a person, is out. We need to be careful how we use punishment and directed towards those who need to be in prison for some length of time and offer the opportunity for others to be diverted into programs that will help them solve their problems. Host what is the richest recidivism rate among prisoners . Guest about 50 . Level, that does not change regardless of the sentence. Some people say we need longer sentences to prevent recidivism. We know there is not a direct correlation, so we need to be thinking a longer sentence equals lower recidivism. There is more to it than that. What is at the core of it is when you, out, not having opportunity, not having been a better criminal or better offender, frankly. And also to remove the barriers and stigma and badge of what someone way some would say criminality. Host paul is on. Good morning. If you want to talk about reform and the criminal Justice System, that is broken, it ought to start in the white house. That man right there, the whole Democratic Party has taken the constitution and thrown into the mud. Hillary clinton has blood on her hands. And how she is even allowed to run host it is a little offtopic. 1994 crime up the bill, supported by the Republican Congress actually, it was a democratic congress. Like to say it is a bipartisan effort that got into this and hopefully a bipartisan effort will get us out of it. Is it about that bill that changed our criminal Justice System . Guest the three strikes and youre out to component was there. Shiftnding frankly, a psychologically in terms of how we think about prosecuting individuals. What was not in the bill is more important. I talked about the back end. Strikes,d on three making sure we were being tough on crime, but it nothing to account for what happens to on prison,ome out because they do. The lack of treatment on that issue is one of the bigger failures of the bill. Later on, you have the disparities between crack and powder cocaine. The 100 to one barrier, which increases the Racial Disparity of those going to prison. , tell us about your experience with the criminal Justice System. Taking myank you for call. I just want to put it out there. People of was the law pushing their way into a home without a warrant and holding two weapons on an individual until they signed their rights away. Then we spent thousands of. Ollars on an attorney it was our word against the jurys work a we cannot take it to trial. Yearended up with a 12 sentence off my first offense drug charge. Host how would you like to see the system reformed . Caller i would like the mandatory be reduced. Some of these cases that people do not know about, it is entirely too much. ,hey fall into the guideline and then they are sent into the system. Host thank you. Todd cox . Guest she is raising the point about mandatory minimums. Where, for a particular crime or offense, there is automatic sentencing attached to it. Five, 10, 20 five years. The judge has no discretion to mitigate that. To say that it is your first time offense, you should not apply. Often time, prosecutors look at prior offenses and amp up the number of sentencing they will recommend to the judge. Some of these proposals on the table in the senate and house is reduce mandatory minimums in key ways that redirect the more serious mandatory minimums away from lowlevel folks. 1. I want to make in regard to one point i want to make in regard to policing is we need to restore trust. There are many efforts to do that in different jurisdictions. With implicit bias training, where people are taking their own racial bias into account. Respect. Mutual police are stakeholders. We need to understand the tough job they have. We, as a government and citizens, need to make sure we understand police and Law Enforcement need to be recycled need to be respectful of citizens. Asks boring file clerk what should we be at getting our inmates to do . Guest there are programs of that educate prisoners to do what we would normally have anyone do. Licensing to do particular jobs. To be able to conduct Certain Services when they get out. There are programs trying to or folks who are incarcerated at the college level. We have access, on a pilot basis, to pell grants. The other aspect is no matter how well a formerly incarcerated person is trained, if, when they they are it automatically excluded because of their criminal record, we need to look at that as well. Host kevin, youre the last call. Good morning. I wanted to say that i feel criminal Justice Reform is needed. And it should start with the government and actual law that is in place. I feel that a lot of things are being conducted by the Government Regarding criminal justice is not being done. Ppropriatelyi i feel that police burtality and Justice Reform should beo on the forefront. Missing, are things like definite checks and balances on the government at every stage of the Justice System. And how about the people who go through these incidents and are inappropriately found innocent. They deal with the criminal Justice System that they had no right to be involved with in the first place . Nobody has taken a look to see if actual government officials are the ones who are conducting stuff that is not legal host we will leave it there. Guest i think kevin touches on the need for better indigent defense. Better opportunities for folks to be represented at eddie stage at every stage of the criminal justice process well. Frankly, the budget toward therity and support, at state level certainly, favors the government and prosecutors. We need to do a better job making sure those who are eahlf ofon the half b behalf of those who can afford a lawyer. We need to look at what happens on to folks found innocent after they are incarcerated. Sometimes, there are remedies. Folks who can get almost damages for that. That. Ny states prohibit there is some effort, at the federal level, to change that. But that is something we need to look into. Host todd cox, what is the prognosis for the criminal Justice Reform legislation . Guest we are hopeful. Timing is of the exit of the essence. Calendar is getting tight before the conventions. But enthusiasm is high in the senate and the house. Speaker isn has said Justice Reform a priority for him. So we are hopeful that will move to the floor on the house side kb home leader mcconnell will do the same in the senate and it will get to the president s desk. Host todd cox from these center for american progress. Lawng up next is author and professor Frank Buckley, talking about his book the way back restoring the promise of america. This is the washington journal. In addition to the graduating classes all over gods planet, i wish he will graduate into a world of peace, light, and love. But that is not the case. We do not live in a fairytale. But i guess the 1 does. Watch commencement speeches in their entirety, offering advice and encouragement to the graduating class of 2016, from Business Leaders like Michael Powell at pepperdine university. The founder of oracle, larry ellison. And the initiator of a Small Business and the leader of the Small Business association. You can count on your. What makes you special. What is the dishes fisting distinguishes you from others. Senator jeff sessions. Senator barbara boxer. And governor mike pence. , to be strong and courageous and learn to stand for who you are and what you believe. Is the way you have changed here and will carry into the balance of your life. And white house officials. The President Joe Biden at university of notre dame. Attorney general loretta lynch. And president barack obama at rutgers university. Is it any wonder i am optimistic . And you generation of americans has reached up and bent the arc of history towards more opportunity and more justice. The class of 2016, it is your turn to shape our nations destiny, as well as your own. Get to work. Commencement speeches this memorial day at noon on cspan. This sunday night on q a, the u. S. Senate historian talks about various events in Senate History and the Worker Office does. I came in june of 1998 as a newly minted scented historian. Why colleagues that it will be nice and quiet. We have an election coming up. Get settled ino and read. Within a few weeks, the house decided to impeach bill clinton, and we got very busy very quickly and how to do a good deal of research on impeachment trials. We have not had an impeachment trial since 1868. Senate leaders at that time really wanted to follow historical president as much as they could. At 8 00 eastern and pacific on cspans q a. Washington journal continues. Host Frank Buckley, what is the premise of your book, the way back restoring the promise of america . Guest we have changed as a country. We were the country of that, wherever you came from, you had the chance to rise. Now it seems that is broken. Now we are not that country. , theu look at the numbers way a lot of people cut them, that country is denmark or maybe canada. That is shocking. I think that helps explain what is happening in politics today. Host when you talk about mobility, what do you mean . Correlation between the earnings of parents and children. That is how this is measured. Immobile. Y we are like england in that respect. We are not as we imagine ourselves to be. The kind of country where you can get ahead. That is deeply disturbing. Pollsters tell us most americans think their kids will not have it as well off as they did, for the first time. That is revolutionary. Marx had a problem with america. Americast theory, should be the First Company to go communist, because the stages were agrarian, capitalist, communist. America was capitalist. It was not happening. Reason that is happening is that class was very mobile. But now we are in mobile. We have their credit parents who raise mericratic kids. To 10 stock at that level. That is disturbing to a lot of americans. Ist the theme of your book inequality. The level of income inequality at anys higher than point in the last 90 years. There is even less mobility in america than in most first world countries. That is new and it will transform american politics. That theto write tragedy of america is that while the left often asks the right questions, it almost as often provides the wrong answers. Income inequality is no exception. Up on i am here to beat both political parties. Thet has dismissed right has dismissed concerns about income inequality. They say does not exist. I think it is there. It is all about envy, and we do not like envy, or that it is about a move to a hightech economy and we cannot do anything about that. I say fiddlesticks. They are not living in the stone age in denmark. We do not think we are mobile. Bad is transformative that is transformative of our politics. If you look at the causes for this the left realizes this is a problem. But when you look at the causes of immobility and you compare this country to other countries that are more mobile, you see k12rences in respect to education, to immigration, to the rule of law. In those cases, we are talking about programs the left really likes but that cause immobility. It,he right does not get but the left gets it and does not give the right answers. Frank buckley is our guest, wrote the way back restoring the promise of america. 202 is the area code. 7488000 for democrats. 7488001 for republicans. 7488002 for independents. I think you got the idea of what we are talking about. Phony nation, the 1 movement of 2011 argued that gains to the wealthiest off of theame poorest americans in a zerosum society. In other words, one more dollars for the rich means one less dollar for the poor. Some politicians would have you think that is the way it always works, but there is a finite amount of money in the world that song again and others lose. In that case, we never see economic progress. Guest i cannot have said it better myself. Host can you expand on that . Further, i said we are not in a zerosum gain. What interested me was the negative sum game, where we have barriers to registry and licensing requirements. All of those things which keep people from getting into the labor force are getting into the labor force. That is wasteful. Here we are, in your studio, looking at the capitol there. Behind it is k street, the biggest amount of patronage seen in any country at any time. That is part of the problem as well. A good part of the way back is trying to blow up those kinds of networks and freeing things for people who want to rise, as they did formerly. Ew came out with a study about the middle class. It says the middle class is shrink and. 61 of people lived in the middle class in 1971. It is down to 50 . The real growth is on the highest level. Others have stayed steady. Is this a bad thing . It is not bad when people move into the upper class. But on average, we have a fairly threatened middle class. A middle class that is not rising as it should and seems to be less wealthy than the middleclass and other countries. That is something i think most americans get. You can slice this up in a variety of different ways, but overall, i was shocked to look at the differences between mobility here and mobility in other countries. That interested me most is the country we most closely resemble, and the country from which i came canada. What i found shocking was the way in which if you are in the top 10 here, the chances your kid will be in the top 10 or 20 are about 50 . You will stay there. If you are in the top the bottom 10 , the chances your kid 10 of in the bottom 20 . In canada, you have it good shot a moving up and if youre the top, you have a shot at moving down. It is not that way in this country. It is because the game is stacked in favor of aristocracy. I want to argue there is nothing surprising about that. That aristocracy is the natural default of any society. We like to think if we relax, everything will be cool and we will move back to being a highly mobile society. I say no. If you look at the history of the world, it is the case that aristocracy is the way it has been pretty much all the time. You get reach interludes of great mobility. Then we seem to revert to a kind of aristocracy. So you get high mobility after great events like a war, like the revolutionary war or the is a war, or whether there great transmission in the economy. But then we seem to settle back into a society stick thick with rules and influence. Those gone the way of people moving. Obamar you feel about care, there is one statistic people find shocking. It was a 1000 page bill crammed with a lot of goodies by the way, the medicare bill in canada is 12 pages long, and it is bilingual. So 1000 pages long. But the regulations are 20,000 pages. Try to work your way around that, if you are a health care professional. It is crazy. So we have a plethora of rules. This is wonderful if you are an established business. But if you are a small guy trying to move up, it is terrible. It is a wonderful society if you are surrounded by lawyers. Young guy ore a entrepreneur just starting out and you do not have the connections, it is not so good. That is the kind of thing i am talking about. Host you talked about the aristocracy in the states. What is canada doing right in your view . Guest one example in the news is immigration. There was a story recently about how the new Prime Minister of canada welcomed syrian refugees. , will takethe end around 50,000 syrian refugees. Many will be christian, by the way. That is something of which someone can be proud, as a canadian. By comparison, the american number seems to be about 5000. If it matched canada, it would not be 5000 but 500,000. Moreover, it was america that, more than any other country, caused the problem by a crazy war in iraq. It was like a child in an antique store it that broke something and then walked away from it. In other respects, canada has an immigration system donald trump would love. Canada puts illegals on the plane. And has an immigration system geared toward providing jobs to canadians. The me tell you something that i find interesting. Canada is 20 foreignborn. None of this is a political issue in canada. It has way more immigrants, but it is not it medical issue. Why everyone realizes it is good for the country and good for us. Here, we have a sense this is bad for us. Thepeople most hurt in United States are africanamericans. They have they would have the jobs that are being competed away by illegals or by Family Preferences. So the American Immigration system is crazy. Just a confession of failure. It is based on something which does not make sense a Family Preference system. When people came over from the old country, the old sod back in now we have Something Like cell phones and cheap air for. It is easy to get back holland or ireland or wherever. The argument for Family Preference is not there. There is an argument for economic migrants. A countrye numbers, 1 10 the size of the United States takes in more economic migrants. 160 thousand in canada, 140,000 here. Ais is not a way to run railroad. It is why it is such a political hot potato. That is just one example. Host what you think of the term populism. Not have a good feeling about populism, but i am beginning to think i am a populist. It is conflicting. It is a good way to construct your loss on how to make americans better. Now, the Republican Party seems to be torn between purists on one side and populists on the other. My view is the Republican Party was not blown up by donald trump. Rather by mick barney mitt speech when he gave his about the foursome percent of takers. He gave his 59 point plan which no one remembers. But we remembered the 47 . There isthe idea that us and them. Tocommunicated a commitment sensible combine with a disaffirmance a this interest towards people. Isinterest towards people. Trump, there is a sense he is on your side. That is populist. Way of he will have a swinging it to bring everyone together. I want to argue it would be good , and,e more mobility indeed, equality would follow. I call that socialist ends. The difference between the party is that trumps party once that wantnts that and the dems that. There are two ways to get there. One is by socialism and the other is by capitalism. We should get rid of the things preventing people. Calvin is calling in from winstonsalem, north carolina, independent line. Caller good morning. Thank you for taking my call. When i hear the title of the cut theay back, way back, it makes me think of how the country was founded. The exhortation of native americans. The africanamericans who were brought here against their will. Founded the capitalist system here. My point being that when i hear people talk about how trump is so popular, i say to myself, here is the economy of a capitalist. Someone who uses immigrant labor to build his hotels and his chinese as well as manufacturers of many of his apparel goods ties and what have you yet the people who support him want to make America Great again. It is interesting the demographic, some of it, that supports mr. Trump are the total opposite of who he is, which falls into line with historically how america works. Fdr was for the people. He was a democrat. He was an aristocrat. He came from theodore roosevelt. Kennedy was a democrat for the people. He was an aristocrat. He came from kennedy the ambassador. Ispoint is there doublespeak. Talk about both sides of your mouth host lets hear from Frank Buckley. Guest thank you. That is a lot to answer. A couple points. Slavery is not capitalism. It is the opposite of capitalism. I am not on the side of slavery. Indeed, there was that historical problem at the founding. As you probably know, slavery was essentially abolished in england by virtue of judicial decision in 1773. That, to my mind, was much more of a capitalist system. As for more current events, i do not want to talk about trumps hotels, if you do not mind, but i will say this about republicans and conservatives. And i think i am agreeing with you. What i want to say is much of what one thinks is noble in the Republican Party is kennedy liberalism. Taxesy wanted to lower and was a supplysider. Republicans are he time hated it. Rights, a lot of conservatives at the time were opposed to civil rights. It was liberal republicans who provided the crucial votes to get the 1964 bill passed. And kennedy democrats were a party of openness and provided the sense we would all rise. They were not the white shoe imagine theome republicans to be. I am probably agreeing and say yang that which i like in the Republican Party, in many ways, has its roots in jfk democrats. Frank buckley, calvin kind of alluded to this, but your back, and way Donald Trumps slogan, making America Great as when . Guest your showing the cover of my book great picture. Did not pick it. It is the Empire State Building. New york in the 1950s. The story and said historian given said if you had to pick a period when humans were happiest, it would have been rome 2000 years back. But i would have picked new york in the 1950s. It was not perfect, we are much better off, in terms of africanamericans, women, but what was different back then is every one of us had the sense things were getting better. We have lost that. And i amway back not getting in to America Great again but part of the way back is a recovery. Yankee doodle dandy spirit that everything was possible. The Empire State Building was put up in 18 months in the middle of the depression. Now we have a sense nothing will be fixed. It is a system that seems broken. A system that has gotten too big in many ways. Washington is to think too thick with rules. The best thing the government can do is get out of the way. Host Frank Buckley is a law professor at the university of george mason and a visiting fellow at the university of law visit chicago law school. He was a visiting professor in france as well. Dennis is on the republican line. Caller good morning. I have never said thank you for taking my call, but i especially want to say thank you today. This is a provocative subject. I used to say to people that if we want to figure out what went wrong with america, etc. , we have to go back to a point in time when things are good. Mr. Buckley said he things it is the 1950s. I say we have to go from that point forward and say what went wrong . You can talk about this for hours or days. To me, it is all about education. Its going to be a generation. Whats got to be fixed is education. , read an article last night titled the education of minority children. Its brilliant. He points out how Public Schools are not the answer, etc. Thealked about the irish of 1800s and the blacks from the 1870s and 1955. It has got to be about the education. Right now, parents have no hope because the kids are all going into schools they do not approve of. They do not see the kids getting a good education, so the kids have no hope and the parents have no hope. That is my one suggestion as to how to restore america again. It is not the only answer, but you got to have the right of parents to choose the school the child will go to. Sowellsad dr. Article. I will get your book and i will recommend it and put it on my facebook page. Host were going to leave it there. Guest since youre going to buy my book, im going to ask you. In blistering canada western canada and i went to the Public School and it was 99 frenchcanadian. The teachers in the school were nuns. Everybody thought that was fine, but years later i talked to a friend of mine, an africanamerican fellow, who is a judge, he said that nuns, when people shocked by the . At . There was a motto that said one country, one school system, and that was the ku klux klan. There are historical reasons based in bigotry why there have been problems with state support for parochial schools, but i think what that would provide, and vouchers generally and Charter Schools, is needed competition. The great thing about competition is that it pulls up everybody. You do not see it working. You do not see the machinery. You do not see the gears, but to compete and offer a different kind of school system, you have got to be better than the other guy. The other guy than needs to pull up his socks. That is why we are so absolutely terrible in k12. When you look at how we rank compared to other countries, it is just dreadful. An economist at hoover calculated that if we could magically raise our score levels to canadian levels, it would wipe out the National Debt. It is that huge. The differences are so humongous. I think that is absolutely crucial. If i could wave my magic wand, that would be the one thing i would do. I would take the budget of the department of education, about a3 billion, and i would lot it to states that have those programs. Bill is in pittsburgh on the republican line. Caller good morning. When i called him, i thought this was going to be about income inequality. I mostly agree with you, although so far i have about 15 s that i could take with you, but lets go back to that phrase, which has disturbed me ever since it came up. The necessary implication of saying the problem with income its they is that presumption that i think you alluded to that the money that tos to the rich does not go the poor and the middle class. It is not the same money. Paid for what comes in at the Cash Register. Once you have accumulated something and you invest it, all the sudden, the investment situations in the world make it very easy to get a larger incomes. It sounds like you would agree with me. Makeuestion is, how to what comes into the Cash Register more efficient and going into peoples incomes . That is the statement and the thought and i wonder if you might speak a little bit. Guest i appreciate that. Let me Say Something that people might find a little surprising. If you want to promote more mobility equality, a natural thought would be, lets fiddle with our welfare payments. What people do not realize is that the american welfare system is really incredibly generous. Like to think that the nordic countries are so much more generous, but they really arent. You look atut if welfare payouts as percentage of gdp, i think it is only sweden that is more generous than we are. What we have got our 72 different federal programs, a lot of city programs, a lot of private charities. This is a pretty good country to be poor in, but the basic point is if what we want is more equality, we are not going to get there but somehow adjusting our welfare payouts. Rather the issue is, and i think you are hinting at this, is lets get more cash in the Cash Register, which is mostly the question of freeing of people so they can go out there and do their thing without having to worry about a mess of rules getting in the way. There is one shocking statistic produced by the institute for justice. Licensing requirements. I am a lawyer. If you are a lawyer, you have to get qualified by a bar. There is a license required for doctors. 30 years, one in 20 americans had to get a license for that. Now, it is one in three. We are talking about hair graders and masseuses. We are talking about a crazy bunch of requirements that do not do much except protect the cartel of people in place and that has the effect of excluding people from rising and getting into their own business. Thats a problem. Host larry is coming in from chula vista, california. You are on with Frank Buckley. Caller i just want to Say Something that quick about get the government out of our lives. I spent 30 years of my life working for this government, 20 in the United States marine corps. I think more people should be involved in the government, and definitely keep an eye on what we are doing. On another subject, it seems like a lot of people are lost. I like Mickey Mantle and the old new york, so i see where youre coming from. During my time in the military, i got into the computer field and i saw in the late 1980s we were headed i. T. 21, Information Technology for the 21st century. There were only a few things that we could do because of all the jobs that we left, everything is computerized. That we left, everything is we have to get educated. We have to rebuild infrastructure. The are sitting on cables that were built from the 1960s and early 70s. On the Software Side of the house, windows 10. They do not match up and that is why we get hacked all the time. If we can relay the whole america infrastructure, we cannot export jobs. They will be here. We fix education by putting schools on internet and all schools follow the curriculum. As far as health care, get everybody in. Host before we get through that whole list, lets get a response from mr. Buckley. Guest larry, thank you, and you are up there early in california. I agree with you. Theres a lot to be said for could we make the government someefficient than using of that surplus in terms of rebuilding the infrastructure. There is a whole laundry list that you provided and the way back would involve a whole laundry list. I will tell you one thing about all this and that as i would never ever bet against the home team. Making predictions about the future is a chumps game, but i would never bet against america. , uniteda subchapter states of crime, you wrote about a general name christer everson. Guest he was a gentleman who is thought up by some apes gear of secure role by the environment of Protection Association and ended up in the criminal Justice System for years for a crime of which he ,as, i will not say innocent but ignorant is the better terms. We have an almost uncountable number of federal crimes that are crimes that do not require a guilty mind. Why is a guilty mind so important . Theres this thing called a conscience, right . If you do something bad, your conscience will acquit you. Doese crime in question not require a guilty mind, you will not know that you are doing it. There are so many of these offenses that you could do it all the time. Theres a book called three felonies a day, where he said if an ordinary businessman committed all these crimes, we wouldnt know it. This is a barrier to entrepreneurs in particular. It is not a barrier if you are established and surrounded by lawyers. It is a barrier if you are the new guy. It discriminates against the upandcoming, the guy without connections, the guy who does not make political contributions. I am on their side on this one. Host lakeland, florida, please go ahead with your question for Frank Buckley. The way back is the name of the book. Caller praise be for cspan and what its doing for america. All the other media is concentrating on emotional considerations for the present election, but cspan tries to get the intellectual part of the brain of citizens involved and has discussion on books like mr. Buckleys and rick shankmans book about how politicians strike of anger. I want to recruit the professor in asking the president ial candidates 510 books that citizen should read so that we understand the most Serious Problems facing the United States from an intellectual standpoint. Your book, i hope, is a on the list on one of the candidates. On book tv, lets have a discussion for the intellectual instead of the emotional. Ive asked the Bipartisan Working Group in congress to perhaps use george mason , aversity as a place to meet venue for your conflict resolution school. Is that possible . Guest im sure it is. My book would be number 1, 2, and three. [laughter] about the book that was making quite a buzz around here last year . Guest you pronounce that correctly. It was a french fellow who wrote a book about how capitalism will selfdestruct as all the wealth will be concentrated in the rich and everyone will be impoverished. I do not want to spend too much time on that, so i answered that in the appendix. He does not have americas number. He just does not get it. We are not like that. There are a number of reasons why. One reason is his analysis works if the rich just reinvest the money, but they spend it, you know . They spend it and they go through messy divorces and they spend it on baubles. The footballer george best said with all his money, he spent 90 10 on wine, women, and song, and the rest he wasted. We are on the side of in the col anna nicole smith. Host steve champion tweets into you, i would rather go forward instead of going way back. Say, there were things in the 60s that were not perfect, and we are better off in many respects with respect to african, women, and a whole bunch of things. I agree with that. We do not want to go back to 1950s. I would argue that we would want to recapture one part of the 1950s, which is the spirit and reality that we all can and move up with industry and drive. That is the part of the 1950s i like. Host darlene in nevada. Please go ahead. Caller good morning, mr. Buckley. Listening to you talk is an absolute breath of fresh air. I was wondering as you have worked in many countries, how many have the Corporate Congress that we do . If we want to find our way back, money out of politics and special Interest Groups would be a huge, huge help. We do not always have. Forget corporate welfare, but the corporate contributions to get things done for these. Guest excellent question. Heres my answer. You asked how many countries have our network of i guess crony capitalist in congress and the like. The answer is none, nobody matches us. The people who are surprised by trump should have seen it coming because they should have looked at where we are with respect to the problem that you mentioned. They shouldve recognized that we have been there before. 1776 when thein framers, the founders of this country, looked at england. They looked at a country that was as free as they were, but they also looked at a country that was really corrupt. They had a sense of republican virtue that would be better than all that. What we are doing right now is rediscovering that sense of a need for a special kind of virtue that washes away everything that you just talked about, all the cronyism, all the special deals. It is a hard thing to do. There are barriers in constitutional law that we would not want to entrench on. I think there are things we can do and we will have to explore the. M. Host you write about this in the wayn back. Government loan guarantees and winners and losers cant be successful . Uest in the sense that a a broken clock is right to times in the day, but host why do we keep doing it . Guest because of that patronage im describing. If you want something done, you need allies. That arethe solyndras terrible at their business but wonderful and making connections in this town. Is thatg about solyndra it was costing them more to produce their product than they were selling it for. Wherelike the old joke the guy in the clock trade would tell us we are losing money with every coat we sell. The father says, its easy and we make it up in overhead. The overhead here is sticking the bill to congress. Solyndra was about a 500 million loan guarantee. The government should not be picking winners and losers. They do not have skin in the game, but what they have is influence. Jim is in royal oak, michigan. Caller thank you for taking my call. Be referred back to the 1950s. Bought me a book of the front page of the New York Times going back 100 years. There was a small article on the page of that one saying that our High School Education was only doing something if you are going to college. Otherwise, it wasnt doing anything for the rest. Now they go to high school and they are not qualified for another job. In germany, when you get out of high school, your qualified for a technical job. We have been wasting billions and billions and billions of of dollars on High School Education and it has not been doing anything for most of our people. I like your comment on that. Thank you. Guest i agree with that. Im not able to micromanage how things should be taught in school, but we seem obviously to have moved away from teaching basic skills in math and english. You are absolutely right about the need to teach workrelated skills as they do in countries like germany. What we have is an educational bureaucracy, which resembles a soviet department store, which is organized around how do we make life good for the department clerks not for the customers. If you ask what the problem is, i think one problem is exactly that. Clout of nea, the teachers union, is a great cause of the problem. I described in my book a new class a kind of aristocracy at the top of the heap. These are people who are ordinarily not in favor of educational reform. Some of them are, but in general, they arent. They vote against it when given the chance to do so. It is no skin off their nose because they will send their kids to private school. Isyou are an aristocrat, precisely the case that you do not want other people to rise. It should be shocking because even the bird of prey knows not to plow its own nest. For the new class, it is not their nest but the nest of the others. Host what do you teach at george mason . Guest i teach a course on the framers. These are the guys who assembled in philadelphia. What was great about them is that they were not the orists. They were good, smart, practical politicians. We nearly split apart and became three countries. There were british spies there. There were french spies. It was a deal made by guys we have never heard of. James madison really had a very minor role. Everything he proposed was shot down pretty much. It is a wonderful story. I teach a course on contracts, which is real nice because the way i teach it really has not changed in 50 years. Rist who is the most theo of the Founding Fathers . Guest the biggest theorist would be either hamilton or madison, but that explains why they got nowhere. Madison was someone who dug in his heels and he is someone who wouldve wanted a walkout at one point. He did not get his way and it was a breakfast meeting on the morning of july 17. If you read his notes, he probably wanted the whole thing to collapse at that point. It did not because of more prudent people like gouverneur morris. That is why july 17 is the most important day in American History. Host the next call for Frank Buckley. A few minutes left in our program with them. Diane and the duke on the republican line. You are on the air. Please go ahead. Caller thank you, mr. Buckley. Im going to buy your book and read that. I am a retired Public School teacher. I started in a oneroom school with no Running Water and outdoor toilets. I came through the system. I graduated college. I have four degrees. I will tell you that the Public Education system is a total mess. Doesnt get people where they need to be. You are right. It is run by theorists and not practical people. Build a hotel and get rid of the department of education and turn it back to the parents. Make them start to be responsible for what is going on in the classroom with their children. Offer them more programs because im telling you not everyone is bound for college like they tell you. They just dont have it. Guest i cannot agree more. Ive nothing much to add except for one thing. There was this book that appeared a couple years back and every member of the new class of our aristocracy read it with a guilty pleasure because she was outing us. She was talking about all the things that we do because we recognize that school is not enough. We were doing all sorts of afterschool activities. We were doing things that people in other parts of the country would not know how to do. We were giving our kids that kind of advantage. It is in short a society where , then yourplugin kids are going to do rather well. It is not equal in that sense. We are not going to change that. If we make our ordinary schools a lot better, we minimize the effect of that. Host bill in humble, texas. Caller good morning. I want to say that in my opinion, the American Dream has ruined america. When i mean by that is the thought that Everyone Needs to own a house, so you get a mortgage. You factor in the amortization of the mortgage and property taxes that you pay, you do not start to build any equity for about 15 years. Everyone is stuck paying off a mortgage. Both parents have the and cannot spend any time with their children. The American Dream has ruined america. Guest a quick answer to that. Ofgree with your criticism the a macon home finance system. American home finance system. I do not see the point of a 30 year mortgage or mortgaged about to affect ability. Deductibility. In canada, they have neither and have greater homeownership. In america, homeownership doesnt work, so i entirely agree. We have talked about the American Dream. My hero in all this is Abraham Lincoln. Forget the 1950s. I go back to Abraham Lincoln, who was a guy at his core all head. Getting a he wanted everyone to have the same kind of chance that he did to rise from one year of schooling to become one of the best educated president in American History. Process, more than anyone, invented the American Dream. If you look at his speeches, that is what he kept talking about. I think that is a noble dream. Host Frank Buckley writes that there are also several reasons why we never expect to see perfect income mobility between generations. First, it always helps to have a head start that wealthy parents get 1 better schools, better networks, better first jobs. Thats why countries with high levels of income inequality are also countries with low levels of income mobility. From rich parents, rich kids. Second, and relatedly, the environment in which children are raised matters. Children raised by wealthy parents are less likely to come from broken homes and will learn by example to value education. Compared to poor children, they are exposed to a much higher social and cultural environment. In addition, theres a developing Empirical Literature suggesting that the personal phenotypes for the geneticist that are correlated with economic success are hereditary. Guest those kinds of explanations can get you into trouble and they did when people try to make it racial. Host Charles Murray coul. Right. If lady gaga was born that way, why not the rich . Im talking about things like impulse control and bourgeois virtues and the willingness to invest in education and the like. To some extent, that is arguably inherited. There. Are people working on this it is simply there are people working on this . The phenomenon of being born on third base and thinking that you hit a triple. They were right about george w. Bush in that respect. The home quality heres what i would say about that. These things matter more now than they did in the past as a consequence of the destruction of our Public Schools and related phenomenon. It was not the case i think 100 years back that if you are poor and he went to school that you are going to get a worse education then you would get at andover or a prep school. I like that. I like giving people from the bottom those kinds of chances. It does not happen so much. Who is stopping it . All the people who want to keep things the way they are in terms of our education. Anne is in blackstone, virginia. Caller excuse me. Good morning, cspan. Ive been sitting here listening to mr. Buckley speaking about education. Real ruralin a country in virginia. I went to Public School and we had good teachers. They were concerned about the childrens education. Labor immigrants we were immigrants of slavery. They had to to just english to teach us english. They taught us how to be good citizens and they were concerned about us. And our leadership. Theyow, one thing w forgot to teach us civics. My father bought civics books, but they were never taught to us. That is why the black people do not know too much about civics because they were not taught in the schools. I think the black people have come a long, long way from slavery. They hader thing chapter one where they would have have the blacks and lower income children out, but they wouldnt use it correctly. School with no Running Water come outside toilets, and so forth, but we were happy. We were happy because we were producing children of the future. Like doesnt anyone care about the children. , i know you have called him before and we love hearing from you. Can you tell everybody how old you are . Caller i am 86 years old. School. O the public they had very good Public Schools. Host were you in the segregated Public Schools . Caller yes, and i taught at integrated schools. Host thank you for calling in and thanks for watching. Guest let me just Say Something. My mother lived to age 104 and you are Spring Chicken. Just want you to know that. Host it begins with education. A lot of calls on the. At. Ben, you are the last word for Frank Buckley. [laughter] caller i want to ask a question about the National Debt and how education consultant National Debt. I would like for him to connect a few dots there. Ohio Charter Schools are fairly big, but to a large extent, they consist of giving the kid a computer and very little followup after that. If you could answer those two questions, id appreciate it. Guest quick answer for the first one with respect and the National Debt this is how economist do things. They look at a whole bunch of countries and relate how they do in terms of test for 15 years old compared to the wealth of the country. That is where they get those figures, so it is kind of crude, but as an example, as a way of showing that we pay for bad schools, i think it is pretty effective. Im not going to swear that is what would happen if we made things better and we wipe out the National Debt. I think we would come in fact, be much more mobile and a wealthier society and a more just society. Host Frank Buckley is the author of this book, the way back restoring the promise of america. Thank you for being on washington journal. Guest thank you for having me. Host open phones time. Weve talked about a lot of topics this morning. Any topic you would like to bring to the table. Callsl begin taking your in just a minute, but this weekend on our newsmakers program, the chief of naval operations, admiral john richardson, is our guest. Here is little bit of what he had to say. The coldthe end of war, the u. S. Navy has really had freedom of navigation around the world. It is starting to see some pushback and some challenges from a stronger chinese navy, russian navy, iranian navy, and some very important waters fo. King broadly, how do you see that changing . One of the things that the finds a great pa power is that they can be competitive against a wide spectrum of National Power. Powers think about great , i would say russia and china, they are able to participate and compete not only militarily, which sometimes we get focused on, but also economically, also from a diplomatic perspective. They can compete in sort of the information domain. There is a much broader spectrum of engagement with these great powers. With the military element, certainly there is a security aspect with what we do. We need to protect america and our vital interests around the world. One of those vital interest is protecting our access to markets, lines of communication. Those maritime superhighways over which meant percent of our trade rides. Itare a maritime nation and has been are consistent policy for the navy to protect access to those markets that we can continue to prosper on a global scale. As we move forward, the reason the South China Sea is so important is that about one third of the worlds trade travels through that body of water. That includes a lot of american goods, american trade. It is critical to our prosperity. As we move forward of the next 510 years, i think that you will see competition across a broadspectrum National Power continue. It will be my goal as the chief areaval operations that navy would provide more options to our national decisionmakers, strictly in those other areas of National Power, and we allow the military to certainly guarantee our security but also enable our prosperity. Announcer washington journal continues. Host we are back live on washington journal. Open phones, lots of topics introduce this morning. Its your chance to voice your opinion. Rob is in phoenix, arizona. He is a democrat. Caller good morning, peter. Over the years, ive been calling in and i think ive talk to you a couple times. Ive been talking about sheriff in arizona. Host what if you been calling about . Caller the troubles with the sheriff that we have here. On tuesday, theres going to be a Court Hearing with the federal of theiven the findings contempt of court case that has taken place over the last year. The judge has already written the findings that he is guilty of civil contempt. On tuesday, the sheriff is going to be in court with about 20 lawyers and three other people who were found guilty of contempt of following the judges profiling andial practices of arapaio. It will be an interesting day in court on tuesday when we find out whether the judge is going to recommend criminal contempt and other options with all parties present in court. Host thank you for that update. Robert in henderson, kentucky. Caller good morning, peter. I am also a longtime viewer a cspan. Donald trump is seeking the general election for president of united sits in america. I as a 53yearold black man have heard him say ive not heard him say anything that would give me in any shape, form, or fashion that he has concern for black people. Out tos not reached black leadership and pick a handful of pacifists who have agreed to his policy for whatever reason. He is not set down with true black leadership that is representative of the young folks that draw crowds like Bernie Sanders. He wants tof receive black votes, he has to go to black media like tv one, tom joyner. Yes to appeal to the black people and let us know what it is he is going to do to bridge the gap between black and white in america. What is he going to do to bring about you quality . Host what do you do in henderson . Caller im a human rights activist, local Vice President of the naacp, and a fulltime grandfather. Host the president in hiroshima. This is what he signed into the guestbook at the memorial there. We have known the agony of war. Let us now find courage together to spread peace and pursue a World Without nuclear weapons. This is sourced by Christi Parsons from l. A. Times. Here he was a few minutes ago. [video clip] we may notbama eliminate the capacity for man to do evil, but the alliances that we form may possess the means to defend ourselves. Among those nations like my own that hold nuclear stockpiles, we must have the courage to escape the logic of fear and pursue a World Without them. We may not realize this goal in my lifetime, but persistent effort can roll back the possibility of catastrophe. We can chart a course that leads to the destruction of the stockpiles. We can stop the spread to new nations and secure deadly materials from fanatics. And yet, that is not enough. For we see around the world today how even the crudest rifles and barrel bombs conserve up violence on the terrible scale. Change our mindset about war itself to prevent conflict through diplomacy. Conflicts to end after they are begun. To see our growing interdependence as a cause for peaceful cooperation and not violent competition. To define our nations not by our capacity to destroy by the what we build but by what we build. Perhaps above all, we must reimagine our connection to one another as members of one human race. Host harry is in baltimore, maryland, republican line. Whats on your mind this morning . Caller just a couple things. Number 1 if donald trump gets put term limits for everyone in congress. Should stop going across the street and make 30 with the phone calls as described on the show before. One thing about Hillary Clinton. Clinton made us the joke of the year by what happened with him in the oval office. I fought for this country. It was the most prestigious place in the world and then all the veterans in the world that are American Veterans have been disgraced by this guy. Thats about it. Thank you very much. Host that is harry in baltimore. The president s speech and presentation at hiroshima will be on cspan tonight at 8 00 p. M. Flow is in florida, a democrat. Caller i would like to make several comments and i would do it quickly. To admiral that was just on saying that now we can compete with china. We lost 60,000 factories closed your. In our economy and we have lengthy paying lousy paint jobs. He is making what he made six kodak. Ago at back in the 1950s, he can get anything. Not just get a house, but rigorous whatever. It took a month or two to look into background so they could afford a home. Things were chamber, wages were low, but things were cheaper than, so people could survive a lot easier and you can get jobs. All the factors were here. In rochester for 32 years and i watched every factory move out. Host given what you said in the fact the you are a democrat, who are you supporting for president . Caller i dont know right now. Hillary has her global thing and i want our country first. And itth1b visas workers being forced to train foreigners or else they will not get their sa severance pay. We have to pay the bill for all this. Our military is out there serving all the corporations. They are guarding the oil, all the commerce. My kid is living with me because the rents are so high that you cannot get a decent apartment without sharing with someone. You have to fork over at least 600 a month plus utilities and every thing else. It is outrageous what is going on. We had 12 years of tax fix for the risk. Obama added the last two and he is not giving us a costofliving decreased, so im not too happy with him either. Host this is douglas in cape cod, massachusetts, on the republican line. Caller for memorial day weekend, i hope everyone gets a. Hance to enjoy sunshine could 50 of the housing on cape cods second homes. Some of us work hard for a living here and its not easy to pay the rent. Im kind of concerned about people tipping their waiters. They should think about 20 tips and make it happen. Host are you a waiter . Caller whats that . Host are you a waiter . Caller indeed. Host where do you work . Caller at a seaside place on the harbor. Host do you make good money during the summer . Hayer it is four months of an eight months of dirt. Host [laughter] what made you call in and talk about that as a Public Policy issue this morning . Caller i heard a comment from the last color discussing her son living with her and i know a lot of People Living in that situation. It is a crisis. 70 of thenst population seems to go paycheck to paycheck. 30 seems to be able to live on cash or wealth. It is just difficult for the 70 to compete against the 30 . Go, from one 30 , think70 who serve you hard about how your money is spent and who is working for. It. Host wheres the restaurant . Wharf. Smedicare host richard is up nexthost in austin, texas. How are you . Caller im doing fine. Mr. Buckley upset me a little bit because he is a College ProfessorTeaching College kids, which tend to be in the top 10 of the population. In Public Education, we have the that are ranging from retarded range to the gifted range. To compare their scores, most people dont understand. We have no child left behind. We have passed sixthgraders at the six grade level. Are all six graders at the same height . Know, they are not at the same height. They are not the same high educational. Until we look at the total picture and get a proper assessment and understanding of what that assessment means, we are making some bad choices and criticizing some people that are probably trying to do the right thing. When you are teacher and you have a kid at different levels, you have to adjust your instructions to meet the needs of those kids. In like ae to come College Professor and Say Something that just entirely is not correct. Host you are calling from austin. Are you a College Professor as well . Caller no, sir. I was a school principal. I was in charge of gifted programs and special programs around the state. Hispanic children were put in special ed and they did not belong there. I had to put them in the proper programs to teach them properly and get them out of the special programs. Have a lot of false information and false understanding of what constitutes a class and what different types of abilities are in that class. Host richard in austin, thank you for your time. This is a tweet sent out by donald trump yesterday. Pulled data shows that marco rubio does by far the best in holding onto his senate seat in florida. Important to keep the majority. Run marco. Has thisew york times on the front page that Baylor University demotes ken starr from their university and fires the coach because of the Sexual Abuse Scandal in that university. This is not at this morning in the Washington Post, written by a woman named Sheila Foster anthony. Donald trump should be ashamed. He should not be using a personal tragedy to further his candidacy, but such is the character that, trump displayed in his comments in an interview with the Washington Post. He insinuated that my brother, Vincent Foster junior, may have been murdered because he had intimate knowledge of what was going on and that Hillary Clinton may have somehow play a role in vinces death. How wrong. How irresponsible. How cruel. If you want to read this, this is in the Washington Post. She served on the federal trade commission from 1997 to 2003. Mickey is in norwalk, connecticut, republican line. Caller thank you for taking my call. Should i be on speakerphone, by the way . Host you know, its a little bit irritating and hard to hear. Caller let me turn that off. Host much better. Caller ok, good . First of all, i do support donald trump. After hearing that vince foster thing, i was thinking the same thing. It was funny they were investigating him and all of a sudden, he offs himself while they were investigating him and hillary for that white water situation. That was the first thing. I support donald trump. I have very angry about the protesters in new mexico who were actually waving mexican flags. Think it is better in mexico, why dont you go back there and live and see if you can protest over the . Re . You have all these rights and freedoms and you are throwing rocks at the cops. Thats not right. As far as the guy saying donald trump not having any black people, he has got a lot of black support. They are responsible people who want to build this country, get jobs for everybody. Im out of work, so i understand that. I just change my party from 43 years as a registered democrat to republican for donald trump. I believe in him. I need a job. I need a fulltime job and obamacare is killing us. Arare high deductibles are ridiculous. Everyone have a nice memorial day. It is not happy. People die for this day. Remember the soldiers that are still fighting. Host this is linda in knoxville on the democrats want. Line. Caller this is open phones, which means that comments on washington journal are in order. Now i mean this in the most gentle criticism way that i possibly can. Its sound like a 20 hur going to hurt. Caller you can always edit. Host its live tv, so we cannot edit. Caller at the end of the last segment, im going to object at the way that the Senior Citizen lady at the end was treated. You. Intelet me tell she made cogent statements about the education system. Im sorry, but you asked her what her age was. She responded that she was 86. The real blunder came with mr. Buckley. I like mr. Buckley. Im a liberal democrat, but ive lingering libertarian tendencies. He ignored everything she had to say about the topic and instead patted her on the cheek and told her that she was a Spring Chicken compared to his mother or his grandmother or something. He did not address anything she had to say. So, please dont do that. Host i will tell you what. I asked her that because she has volunteered that before when she is called in, so i just wanted everybody to know about marianne. , he didley, my guest not address it because we have been talking about education about this hour and had nothing else new to add. On the top of the head to say what she is a sweet little girl she is and ignore her. You have already cover this. In a being a female morning largely dominated by male callers. You finally get a female caller giving her heart out to this Television Show and that is how she gets treated. Please dont do that. Host all right, what do you do in knoxville . Caller bye. Pennsylvania. Caller how are you doing . This is my comment that i had. Im supporting hillary and heres why. This a twotime senator, a secretary of state. Host glenn, i have to apologize. You have got to turn down the volume of your tv. Youre just going to hear that delay and its went to confuse look at your tv because you will see a delay there as well. Another democrat from tennessee. Caller nice to see you. My squat this to the Democratic National committee because of voter repression. I do not see how they can get statesth five different not allowing independents to vote during the primary. Bernie lost maybe millions of votes because they would not allow independents. About thetalking superdelegates. That is so wrong. Anyway, thanks for letting to talk. Host you have called on the democrat won. You are a democrat . Caller i am and i very much support bernie because he wants to give people jobs. We need infrastructure jobs. Frequent Delano Roosevelt did it. Why cant we . We are spending so much money on wars. People are brainwashed in this country. I think they are afraid to say that the military is getting too much. Host thank you, maam. 41ill newspaper employees are disciplined after the leak of jason chaffetz, the congressman from utah. Theres a new story about a ofdy from an University Northwestern law professor that shows that 60 of all law professors are democrats. When we rephrase that. Let me rephrase that. 11 aredemocrats, republicans, and 2 are independents. Another article bible verse prompts gop walkout after lgbt vote labeled sin. He wants the regular policy meeting in the capital basement reading a bible passage condemning homosexuality and suggesting supporters weree algae t lgbt provision defying christian tenets. Severals said republicans walked out of the disgan in ust. Very quickly, Hillary Clinton and the emails. This is in the New York Times. Clinton was not adept at using a computer for emails, and inquiries told. Their lead editorial this morning Hillary Clinton drowning an email. Jim, you literally have 30 seconds. Onler i was just commenting your comment about 10 start being demoted ken starr being demoted. For me tell you how difficult this sometimes to make a decision relevant to what falls up to you as an accusation on the part of someone. If you make this public immediately, sometimes you find it erroneous and you ruin someones career because it never goes away. I can supervise with mr. Starr because ultimately when you try to hold back into you get more information, youre confronted with the issue of immediacy. What do you do . He is now paying the price of try to find out more information relative to an accusation and i think it is unfortunate. President s are often confronted with this, but they do not make the headlines. Host jim, thanks for calling in. Three day weekend on book tv on cspan2 this weekend. You can go to book tv. Org and see all the nonfiction authors that we will feature. It is a three day weekend on American History tv as well on cspan3. You can go to cspan. Org and clicked on American History tv. The house is going out of session. They kind of finish their work yesterday. We are going to throw to that in just a second. After that, lots coming up on cspan. And the trump rally defense secretary is doing a commencement. Lots going on. The Libertarian Convention is this weekend and cspan will be live with that as well. Stick with us and have a good holiday. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, the speaker pro tempore the house will be in order. The chair lays before the house a communication from the speaker. The clerk the speakers rooms washington d. C. May 27, 2016. I here by appoint representative rib ell to act as speaker pro tempore pore, signed paul d. Ryan, speaker of the house of representatives. The prayer will be o