Transcripts For CSPAN2 In Depth 20151207

Book i am the youngest child of the family. Guest i said that to him when we were first meeting each other it was that wasnt a student political meeting in ohio in 1962. We were writing notes back and forth to each other and he had something a sort of typical 19yearold boy and i wrote back. My family has a wonderful family. My father and mother are some of the most dedicated Public Servants in the history of the country. My father was elected in congress in 1940 before i was born there yet he was 26yearsold. My mother was 24. They had a baby girl and eight days later a baby boy. They came here and i think about it now in my old age and think about these kids coming to washington in this day and age age they would still be on their Parents Health insurance and there they were the members of congress and his wife so of course they were not scared to leave cocaine. But here it was the world war ii washington. And it was very similar to the period of washington that i write about in my history books. You have to go calling and the women were expected to call, i will get today is wrong but the cabinet on monday the senate on tuesday, the house on wednesday and scream Court Thursday and received on friday and it was very formal and organized. Mom told the story of the first day she had to go calling and there she was a very young woman moved to washington and they were living in an Apartment Building on connecticut avenue. She goes down running down the stairs to go calling and it was leedy kurt johnson and pauline gore driving and she became quite a few subgroup. Host what happened october 16, 1972 . Guest by father was the majority leader of the house of representatives and a spirit that was very typical of him when he campaigned for a freshman member of congress in alaska, and they had it had been a very tiring session up until that point she was very exhausted but he had made a promise and he was going to keep it. They took off on a small plane from Anchorage Alaska and headed for juno and the plane disappeared into this day has never been found. I lived in california at the time i was a young mother and i had a couple. I had a child who just turned two and my little boy turned for while i was in alaska looking for my father. My mother was we lost her last year but was a remarkable human being. A day doesnt go by without someone coming up to me telling me Something Else my fabulous mother did. She was from a long line of politicians in fact just recently steve here at the Brookings Institution has come out with a reprint of his 50 year old book americas political dynasties and realized that my mothers family were actually after the roosevelts, the second most political family in times of office and of course when she married my father, women were not coming into office but then when my father was killed, his plane disappeared, she ran for his seat in a special election in the march of 1973 and served until she decided not to run again in 1990. She made that decision because my sister was dying at the time, but then as always she discovered retirement was hard work because everybody asked her to do everything and she didnt have an excuse to say no. So at the age of 81 she took a new job offered to her by president clinton as the ambassador to the vatican and that was a wonderful experience for her. Host you right in write in the book we are our mothers daughters. She was a little cheerful of taking the seat because she would lose influence in a sense. Guest that was interesting because as a political wife she had a tremendous amount of influence. She, people like mrs. Johnson, mrs. Ford, the rest of them they were quite a cohort and they ran everything. They ran the political conventions, Voter Registration drives, their husbands offices and us kids. It was before the home rule when they started out in washington so they worked with the africanamerican women in washington to run all of the social services and so they were a powerful group of women and of course one of the things that my mothers power stemmed from his people were never quite sure where she stood. She made them always think that she was with them because she didnt actually have to vote and my sister said to her you know, what youre going to hate about being in congress is voting because there is no need be but him. You have to declare your self yes or no but she ended up being a very powerful member of congress. Host you write a she went to get a loan in Downtown Washington. Test code after she went to congress, this is one of the things that is very each grew as no to this day women in congress find they not only represent their districts and states that they represent the women of america and women come to them with all kinds of issues and problems that they did not come to the male members of congress and one of the things that became very clear was that women lost their credit they lost their husbands because the husband died or took off with someone. So my mother went to congress in march of 73 and went on to the Banking Committee and they were considering a bill to end discrimination in lending and they it said on the basis of race or national origin, and as she tells the story she went into the back room and wrote in longhand for sex or matter to a comparable status and brought it to the members of the committee and said very polite im sure that my colleagues put this by accident and of course thats how women got credit and then years later several years later not that many but we bought her house to house i and the house i grew up and where i still live and she was moving to Downtown Washington into a condominium and was having trouble with the loan and she called the bank and said since my income and assets are a matter of Public Record as a member of congress i find it strange that im having a difficulty with this loan in as the author of the equal credit act im worried that this is because i am a female and elderly and she had her loan that afternoon. [laughter] host lets take a quick look. Its my great honor to welcome you to this joint meeting in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of congress. This occasion is a very special part of the bicentennial congress which will be marched beneath the marked by historical publications, ceremonies, exhibits, a special film and other activities during 1989. All three branches of the federal government trace the beginnings to 1789 but it was the congress which assembled first and successfully launched the United States of america. Host by another was a great story in and she was the person that really put that love in me and she was the chairman of the bicentennial in congress. She had been the chairman of the bicentennials along the way. My sister said to her you know this is great. Everything is likely to turn 200 at some point. But particularly of course she appreciated that one as i said many members of her family had been in congress and they then assembled in Independence Hall and all that she was the person designed to side over it so if so she sat in a chair in George Washingtons and her feet didnt touch the floor. [laughter] host youve referred to your sister a couple times. Guest my sister was a really incredibly intelligent and humorous and beautiful delightful human being. She was a is a politician, local politics in new jersey for many years and she died of cancer. Host and you had another brother tom. Guest a prominent lawyer in washington and a lobbyist and he was again very smart, very funny. He also met a wellknown person in washington again someone who was incredibly generous with his time and talent and his treasure and he died last year. Host from your book we are our mothers daughters. As children, my brother and sister and i thought of people like sam rayburn, lyndon johnson, hubert come to the end gerald ford as friends who would come by for a casual dinner. Guest that is one of the great benefits of our lives. Barbara and tommy also both said we might not have had the kind of money that some of the people we knew had growing up in washington, but we have to treasure well beyond anything that you could put in the bank. Host is washington still like it was back then . Guest not even close. Its tragically different. I had the incredible honor a couple of years were several years ago now to be asked by teddy ford i joked i would have been scared to death except this is what she would have wanted me to say which is she would have wanted me to talk about washington when everybody was friends and harry ford and betty ford and my parents were very good friends and president ford said to me in my last interview i dont understand whats going on in washington now and that was well before it was as bad as it is now. When your dad and i come the majority have the majority leader and minority leader of the house, we would have big debates but then we would still be very good friends and he said for heavens sakes we were the leaders of our party in the house but then the debate would be over and we would sit down together and be good friends and they were. And susan ford and i are still good friends. Host we are our mothers daughters. Lets take a moment to explain what the womens vote is and what it is not. It is not a vote based on abortion or other socalled womens issues. All of our polling tells us men and women vote both the same on those questions. The womens vote is an economic vote. Guest its certainly true about the womens vote. The women still feel themselves economically more vulnerable than men because they are. Its a correct perception and there is the last phenomenon. But women also have a very different relationship with the role of government. That isnt to say that the women love government but they hate government less. [laughter] and thats when you think about it, its very understandable reasons. You think about who are the major beneficiaries of the biggest Government Program of medicare and Social Security women because we been because we wish you lived longer but who were the people taking care of people on those programs . When men and who were the people who are on welfare, women with children. You go to the Government Programs and they are either elderly women are younger women into chocolate and who works for government and who works for all kind of government we funded institutions like the arts council or libraries or hospitals in many cases. So theres a different attitude about government and that is what women bring to the podium. Host gun control, women see this as the mommy issue no guns on playgrounds, the ban on assault weapons would never have passed congress had there been fewer women in 1993. Only 23 of republican and voted for it at 67 of republican women. Guest then it expired and it was never renewed. You see it is very salient right now and there is no accident that Hillary Clinton is talking a lot about guns and gun control and a lot of it is to appeal to women. Host a lot of your history books are all of your history books are focused on women. Where did you get the idea . Guest its not like there are not history books about men. Theres a lot of those. But the first one i wrote was about the women of the founding period and really i got the idea from the women i was just talking about, the women of my growing up years who were so influential in washington and government. And you know as somebody that has covered congress and politics as long as i have you spend spending an enormous a lot of time with the founding fathers. They are invoked all the time as you know. The founders had this about that coming it almost always i would see about 99. 9 of the time somebody in Congress Tells about something is wrong. So i felt determined to speed to go back and read what he actually said about the right to bear arms or religion in the public square. So i started wondering about the women of this incredibly important and crucial period and figured they they have had to be at least as influential as the women of mine and when i went back to learn about them i had a hard time. It was very difficult to find out what they were up to because there was so little by way of letters and diaries with the exception of Abigail Adams who thankfully wrote and wrote and her family that saved her letters the rest of them are hard. Host you demand in the introduction to leave the liberty of Martha Washington burned all her letters. Guest just today i was reading a new book about martha and george and it highlighted the fact that shes elusive because she has burned her own letters indicates to her. What we have are just little stuff thats delete the snippets of their relationship and other others from people that we are able to piece together and at the mount the Mount Vernon Ladies Association has done a fine job of trying to find everything they can to try to flush out a portrait of Martha Washington. Host good afternoon and welcome to book tv on cspan2. This is in depth. Once a month we invite an offer to talk about his or her body of work. This month as one does political journalist and commentator Cokie Roberts whos written several books many history books, a couple of autobiography as well. If you would like to participate there are several ways every of your going to put the phone numbers on the screen 202748 edt hundred if you live in east and central time zones. 7488201 for those in pacific time zone and you can also send a text message. This is only for text please dont call this number if you want to send a text if you cant get through on the phone lines and want to make a comment try social media. Email booktv cspan. Org. Twitter has back booktv is a reporter handling and you can leave a comment on facebook. Com facebook. Com booktv. Youll see a promotion with Cokie Roberts speaking. Make a comment after that and we will find the comment. We will begin taking your calls in just a moment. Who is steve . Guest his birth certificate did have it wrong. One of the reasons they changed it. They changed it to roberts that we met in the summer of 1962. He was at harvard and i was a closely and we were at a National Student Association Meeting at the university in ohio this and i have actually met his twin brother for that in boston and i looked across the campus and i saw this guy that looked like mark roberts put but it didnt look exactly like him and then we all had name tags on so i went out and looked at his name tag and i said are you mark roberts brother and he looked at my name tag instead argue his sisters and thats how we met. And we started dating sort of off and on then and more seriously her and married 1966. Host and he was several years at the New York Times. Guest right after college he had a the wonderful experience of being an intern or assistant whatever they call it. At that point of the most powerful journalist in washington, the columnist for the New York Times bureau chief and scotty was a wonderful mentor and a really kind adviser said he made sure after the year was up the New York Times hired steve on the city staff and so he went to new york and then we went to california adventure athens greece and came back here. Host i think your motherinlaw described you as the best jew in the family. Guest that wasnt a heavy competition. [laughter] but that is true. Guest i am a very serious catholic and we are about to enter this in fact tonight is the first night of hanukkah and we are about to enter a very busy season. Host by did your mother described as the best jew in the family . Guest we were dating as a catholic jewish couple that was unusual in that day and age. Its not at all anymore but it was. And i think that it was very difficult for steves parents. They havent really had the experience of having non jewish friends and they were very concerned about what it would mean for him to marry outside of the tribe and so it was a difficult courtship and finally be convinced them we would not only honor them and love them but also their religion and for me the only way to embrace judaism was to know about the religion. For them it was more of a cultural phenomenon. So i started being serious about learning about it and celebrating certainly the holidays and in fact at one point his mother joked or he joked and said she wouldnt have made me go to temple on the holidays. [laughter] host youve written two books together from this day forward. Guest just in the service that is where the passover and its a ritualistic liturgy. So we have had passover for close to 50 years and years and years and years ago i wrote a little version of this because our first passover that we have had i bought a version of it and anybody that can have arguments about it. It doesnt have what i like about this. So i got a bunch together and we sat down and typed up a version that we still use but at one point the publisher came and said why dont you put it between the hardcovers and so we did along with a lot of commentary and introductions talking about the way the passover and easter are connected, so it was a very interesting exercise. Host from this day forward you write about how Steve Roberts got you your first job is guest not my first job but my job at npr. My first job i got at the College Placement office of all things but it was a wonderful job for a Production Company in washington and in fact after i was working for them for about a year when we did a program on the air cold meeting of the lines where i was the anchor was 21yearsold and was important for me to meet the press so i found myself sort of going full cycle to a monday morning but steve and i than when we got married never, never even had a conversation about my staying with my very good job. We just assumed that i would quit and moved to new york where he was working and so i did. But then i moved there and we moved to greece and i worked there and then we came back to washington and thats when he helps me get this job at npr. Host guest we are good friends and weve had each others back for a long time but they are the people that got in that job. That happened is steve went to work for the New York Times bureau and he was sitting at a desk and with someone he didnt know she was a woman that introduced herself as Judith Miller who has since become famous and he said where did you come from and she said i just come over from npr. He said whats npr and she told him and he said that sounds like a Perfect Place for my wife, because i had been doing a lot of radio reporting and so, she said cold nina so he did and she said gets me her resume so he got by resume over into the rest is history. Host we are our mothers daughters. The debate over the role of women has created enormous upheaval for society and for the family. For women women might women like me that grew up and graduated from college before the revolution, its all gotten a little exhausting. Guest i was reading the other day about the new book on the road and common life on the road and i said to her arent you just worn out and she isnt, god love her. She is ready to keep going but it does get exhausting because you feel like youve had these arguments over and over again. And what is the point of them, just put 1 foot in front of the other end of march on. Host what are the arguments . Guest in recent years theres all this stuff. The conversation to me that is worth having as a conversation about pay for equal work into making the workplace a far more caretaker friendly place to be. And i dont just mean for moms, i mean for people taking care of older people and only one third of the households in this family for taking care of the elderly or disabled family members. It is an enormous blessing but also in an honest undertaking and the workplace has to be far more accommodating if we are going to be the most productive country that we want to be answered those are the real issues. Its not whether this tiny slice of American Society that can afford not to work is doing the right thing staying home. Ladies of liberty you write my interest comes from my own experiences growing up in politics. Guest i talked about that earlier. The way that i saw my mother in her political life through the kind of work they did have a huge impression on me because i saw how incredibly influential they were. Host Abigail Adams. Guest it took a while, didnt it . Guest she is a fascinating character. Its not all positive but hardly anyone is and in a time when the Continental Congress was trying to decide she thought that it was ridiculous. She kept saying to them declare independence. And by the way they were occupying boston. Take your children inflicted with you thanks, john. I hope youre having a wonderful life in philadelphia. So she was very politically as it did it go astute thinking about all these things and he said to her husband you are going to have to come up with a new code of law and when you do i ask you to remember the ladies because all men would be tyrants if they could. There is a lot of commentary over the centuries about whether she was kidding. I dont think theres any question she was not. In other letters to her friend it very clear she wasnt kidding but talking about political power and talking about legal rights i dont have the answer to that. Certainly she knew that women have no legal rights, married women didnt own property, they were the property of their husbands and im sure she saw these. My guess is that she certainly wanted to see legal rights for women but she also said in in a later in the later letters she talks about if i cant vote at least i can be a politician in this way so she was aware of the fact women didnt have political rights. Host who was guest a very important propagandist for the revolution. She was from a famous political family and she had been educated in boston with her brothers until they went to harvard. But she wrote plays and poems that were designed to wrap up sentiment against the british and she was very successful with doing that and the patriots fan john adams and sam adams. She was right there at the time the revolution. Host back then it was deborah reed franklin. She is a stalwart of carrying on the sort of Benjamin Franklins life she was a very astute businesswoman. Her letters are badly spelled and all that but she could conduct business and in fact always is and uses me because you say we learned growing up in school the postmaster general of the United States but he wasnt in the United States. He was in england for most of the years leading up to the revolution and all those years for very long a very long time so she ran the Postal Service and there are records of that thankfully ended back at one point the noble man who was particular fired one of her workers and she got serious and told him off and she says not only are you interfering that you are slowing down the service. Just back off. This is a putatively illustrated version that is just traffic. Host is a Benjamin Franklin did the work. Guest that was true about the printing business as well but was eventually a franchise business of the shops that went to the frontier. She ran it very well and so she just kept begging him to come home and their only daughter got married and he still wouldnt come home, just to keep the wedding cheap. Somethings dont change. But finally, she died and he wrote that he had to go home because my wife into whose hands i have left. I will say he may seem crazy but he did give her credit. Host we are our mothers daughters came out in 1998 from this day forward. Founding mothers the women who raised our nation, 2004, ladies of liberty, 2008 uniting traditions for interfaith families, founding mothers remembering the ladies childrens version came out in 2014. The book we havent talked about the most recent j. The civil war and the women of washington just came out this year. Guest they are quite a group of women. I frankly never wanted to write a civil war buff. My own family fought on the losing side but the interesting thing of the civil war as you noticed we were in the middle of the sesquicentennial comes to the publisher was interested in the civil war boat and as i thought about it i knew that they had some fascinating women to write about the question was how to confine it so that it didnt become a massive thing. Host and its been a bestseller. Guest theyve all been bestsellers. [laughter] host one of the women you write about is carina davis. Guest im not fond of him that she is but she is an interesting woman. She came here as a teenager. They married in their teens and she came here as a senate wife and a teenager and loved it in washington and then he was in the cabinet and it was Franklin Pierce cabinet and his wife was morning mac so she was the first lady at the period. She ran a very extensive salon and then he went back to the senate after the Pierce Administration and then of course became the first lady of the confederacy much to her dismay she knew this wasnt a winning proposition. You think the men might have noticed that they didnt seem to. Im going to do my job, and she did although she was never fully accepted. She wasnt fair complex but enough. She always was feisty and interesting as it stays in touch as much as she could with her friends in the north particularly here in washington, Elizabeth Blair lee who was a close friend of hers and that is one of the interesting things they wouldnt let their friendships disappear even though the men were killing each other. Host and she spent her final years in new york. Guest thats one of the things i loved in this book. No matter who was president , they would march into the white house and tell off the president it was just wonderful. And so she was one of those that walked in and said if my husband out of jail. He then died and she decided to move to new york and of course it was a huge battle the first lady of the confederacy is moving to new york but she wanted to do it. First she needed to make a living. She had a job offer as a journalist and she was ready to escape the whole lost cause they she wrote to her daughter and she said i in free and i can go wherever i want to go and she moved to new york and wrote some books and also ran a salon that was very popular. I think most interesting she befriended jjuliett grant of course the wife of the general who defeated her husbands country and when they first met it was page one news and that surprised me, to back. It was surprising to me and that meeting was everywhere in the country. And then she went to the dedication of the grand ball rail very publicly and in a very considered act. Guest her husband was there at the time that they buried her in richmond and there was a huge confederate shilling for her funeral but it also did involve the participation by several important yankees and so it wasnt solely to consider it out. Host as a daughter of the confederate guest my great uncle William Robertson was a Brigadier General and he didnt surrender until june of 1865 months after an april, and he was one but several of the clay birds also absolutely my others family coming yes. Host so as a daughter of the confederacy or do you think about some of the efforts to get rid of the one of the flags symbols of the confederacy . Guest one of my elderly cousins who was very much a southerner said that its about remembrance, not about respect. And i think that there is a lot of truth to that. So i think that having some context makes all the sense of the world and in places where they are offensive they were in the flags in georgia and that makes a lot of sense. First of all, this didnt happen after the civil war that happened in the 1950s with segregation and the rise of white supremacist so it makes a lot of sense but in places where they are just part of the landscape and have been there with some sort of context around them to talk about what the confederacy was and what it is because a great deal of difference. We dont know anywhere near enough history in this country. Host how did you get to abc . Guest because they called me up and asked me. [laughter] i was working and still am working at the pr and was also at that point working for the what was then the news hour and i was asked to go on the roundtable this week and then they asked me to come on their staff and i said i would as long as i didnt have to leave in pr so i worked for both ever since it was 1988. Host were you the first female host on a sunday Morning Program . Guest my dear friend was on host nation face the nation. Sam is one of the most delightful people alive. I miss him terribly. He is a unique individual and that is overused but not interns of sam. Hes one of the nicest and funniest and kindest people you would ever want to know. Also, that persona is the real sam. People ask me all the time is very hidden Sam Donaldson . No. They are who they are. They are both delightful man. Host how much are you working these days . Are argue semiretired at all . Guest its just different work. I work doing something every day. Right now i am under some pressure because im writing the sequel to the Childrens Book of family members of ladies liberty which is to this bleak and the paperback comes out in the spring so im proving that and its a very busy moment rightparen and as you might have noticed, the president will be on the air tonight, so thats my day job. Host how do you research somebody like we had the best . Guest fortunately, there is a book of her Jefferson Davis family letters and thereve been a couple of good biographies but then there are letters that are in the University Library and so what has changed which is such a joy is that technology has made this much easier so that you can be in touch with someone in the University Library and they will scan what they have and send it to you electronically submit is a huge help. I used to have to decipher the handwriting and have things annotated and all that but its so much better than it was when i was doing family mothers but i was just discovering at the end of october i was in louisiana for a book festival and one of the descendents was there and he has found the diary and im so angry that i didnt have the dietary for writing Capital Gains because he said she does wonderful descriptions of all the houses in washington and all that said he will be the person that gets to do that. Host was washington a southern town in southern sympathy . Guest yes it was a southern town with southern sympathizers and of course maryland was also very sympathetic to the south but doing link and got something lincoln got Something Like 2 of the vote in virginia. He wasnt a popular figure in these parts so he came into a hostile situation at the town was filled with some of these. I found serendipitously a diary of a woman in 1861 who lived in Cleveland Park and she had daughters in virginia and its very clear that her family is confederate sympathizers and shes trying to keep children quiet so that the unions troops stations around town dont harass. Host founding mothers was featured on the history channel. What was it like working on the program . Guest i had never done reenactments. I am such a journalist into these books are nonfiction books , very carefully researched books. So i didnt i hadnt had that experience but the producer on the show was abc production. You describe a woman named elizabeth. Guest she had done the legwork in the 19th century she tried to find out as much as she could about the women of the revolutionary period either the ones that were still living like Elizabeth Hamilton or the ones who were whose descendents were still quite cognizant said she grew down everything she could and she was something of the character herself that she did try to preserve the history. Host if you want to know why he ended up as a villain in the founding stories, let me introduce you to the family. Guest they were not a great group. His father was the president of princeton as with the grandfather but his mother and father both sides when he was very young and so he was raised by uncles and he wasnt really raised at all, he was raised by wolves so he didnt grow up with the right to host but his mother was a letter writer. She seemed overwhelmed. Guest she was the she was the daughter of the great preacher of the great awakening and he was they have 12, 13, 16 children and he of course was so busy being the great preacher that her mother really have to do all the work and they were all so young. She marries aaron burr and then becomes president of princeton and thats really hard. I just think that patients was enormous in terms of what she had to do socially and was supposed to be religiously and raising these children she never thought she was good enough in and all of that it was just hard for her and she wasnt with anybody she knew she was with her husband at princeton that was her family and so that was hard. Fortunately one of the great ladies was an older woman who was there and did try to help her. Host you know what you are writing about mostly elite women. Why . Guest they are the people that have the years of the founding father. I came at this from having learned about the family fathers and wanting to know what the women of the era were doing that would have the ability to influence them in the ways that my political generation influence them so it was taking it from that starting point. Host we talked about some of the salons throughout the years. Is anybody today holding these gatherings . Guest not really. Mrs. Grant did. The publisher of the washington post, she would have dinners that were filled with glittery people in a non substantial way and really its not perfect culture today. Host we have talked for one hour now its your turn. For numbers on the screen to 027488200 for those in the east and east and central time zone 74860 to one in the mountain and pacific time zone and if you cant get through and want to make a comment to try a text message 202 7179684 just for text buffer calls and if you would include your first name and a city so we can identify identify q. We will also pick up the ways you can get a hold of Cokie Roberts. Youve been a very patient man please go ahead with your question or comment. Guest considering the personal background with both parents having served several terms in congress, i wonder for the time in washington, d. C. To what extent do you consider yourself a washington, d. C. Insider. Host why do you ask that question . Guest im wondering if she brings a unique twist to connect whats going on in politics today. Not many people have that unique background. Guest its funny because my reaction to that was though but the truth is. In the work of washington i think what the government does matters, and i think that understanding the government is important to be an informed voter and i also think the people that come here served in both parties. Most of them almost all of them have a sense of desire to be good Public Servants and to be able to help people so i am an admirer of washington and of the work that is done here and i think this notion of trying to vilify the government and the people to serve in the government is very disruptive. I think the only thing we have i would come and to anybody that hasnt been asked to come here and go to the National Archives and go into the rotunda is the closest thing we have to a National Cathedral and there are the declarations of independence in the bill of rights like i always say at the st. Josephs altar but there they are as our charters of freedom that have created this country and that is what america is an idea that was created to allow for the government by the people and for the people and that is what washington does. Entity is a is really fundamentally unamerican, and so i would proudly say, yes, i am a beltway person but a beltway person who still calls new orleans home. Host have you ever thought about running for office . You had a pointer in office for 50 years. Guest right. Im the only member of my original Nuclear Family not to run for congress. They didnt all win. My mother is the only person who never lost an election. Host your father lost guest my father lost his second election to congress, and then he lost the gubernatorial naker to election. But then the fact is i have felt guilty about not running for office but being married to a journalist who was always going to be a journalist from the time he was a little boy, it would have been a little hard on him if i ran for office. So i have tried to assuage my guilt by telling people by reporting on it, whether i feel like at least that way i can serve voters. Host Cokie Roberts, because of you you are, can you call paul ryan and get an interview quickly or get through to him. Guest i can probably get through to paul ryan. I hope so. I think he is a very interesting, smart, and dedicated member of congress. Host this is a text message from kimberly in atlanta. I halt the high honor of receiving your mothers recommendation for the citizenship scholarship to attend loyola in new orleans, she remains a huge hero of me and i have spend years advocating for women, children, and social justice. Look forward to reading your book. I can only imagine how aghast and i alarmedded your mom would be at the tenor of this years president ial primary rhetoric. Guest my mother would not like the primary rhetoric, that is true, but let me say she would be so proud of this woman. She would be thrilled to know that she has had that legacy. But the rhetoric is hateful and makes lets start with rude. Mama wouldnt like that. But hateful and personal and it is not the way political discourse should be carried out. Host is today unique from what you have observed. Guest no. No. Meet the period before the civil war. It was a horrible period, but then we had war, and so we dont want to replicate that. Host ken, atlanta, good afternoon, youre on i with Cokie Roberts. Caller miss cokie, im just thrilled to death. The email or whatever you received from kimberly just a moment ago, thats my daughter. I called her after i found out you were on tv. I said, kimber, i found the picture of cokeis mama taken with our family and i turned United States to be part of the award that kimberly got because of your mamas nomination so turns out she beat me to get on the air. Guest thats probably happened to you over and over now that she has the final loyola education. Caller you can tell by the way show wrote that thing she is well over her daddy when it comes to spell asking glamar and all that stuff. Guest how nice for you to have such an accomplished daughter. I. Host ken, did you have a question or commenter. Caller ive got a comment. Theres project my family was working on and that is one of the reasons the picture with cokies mama and its called our republic wall and going to be activate for all the state legislators, and. Im now involved in gathering stories around the characters and two ladies in congress were incredibly helpful. One was your mama and the other was did you know a lady named tilly fowler. Guest yes, sure. Sure. Caller miss tilly, wait this daughter of a senator out of georgia who was the foundation of this project, and one of the great things about tilly and her daddy her daddy was known as the silver fox, and tilly was known as the steel magnolia, and i didnt think about it until now but when kimberly called in, it dawned on me we ought to get kimberly to write a book about those two character. Host wasnt the representative fowler wasnt she a republican from i want to say florida . Caller she was, she was out of when i first met tilly, she was a member of the city council of jacksonville, and then she wound up with her career in congress representing that district in florida. She and her dad were famous for their fights. One of the things that you have brought out is senator kidd told me one day that his 40something career in the georgia General Assembly was no fun anymore. I asked him. What are you talking about he said the civility, the ability to respect each other, something happened. It seems to have gone. And i think this is what kimberly was talking about. And but let me let yall go. I just guest you get her to write that book. Thats a good idea. Host sharlene is in reno, nevada. High, sharlene. Caller hi. Cokie, really appreciate your work in journalism thank you for giving women a history. Guest thank you. My question is, how did you do your research for your books . Its almost as if youre right there on the conversations. Guest well, thank you. Im glad you feel that way. I really tried very hard to make them as much in the words of the women themselves also i possibly can. But i its a combination of its really detective work to do womens history, but in some cases there are booked that have been published and thats very helpful, particularly if theyre books of letters in other cases, what i do is go to the footnotes in books about the men and see what can find, and then, again, thanks to technology, i can find out easily online where the mens letters are, and then call up those institutions and find out if they have the womens letters as well. And since i have been doing these books there has been a lot more recognition that it is worth publishing. So, ive gotten a lot of wonderful cooperation from the curators and librarians at universities, libraries, manuscript divisions, library of congress, historical societies, historical homes, all of those places have been just wonderfully helpful, and the other thing that was due for this most recent book capital dames was that now newspapers are online, and i cannot tell you how much fun that is. You can waste days just reading newspapers because all the ad are there, everything is there. So you really get a picture of what life was like, and so and two wonderful sites, one is free, that we taxpayers are paying for, through the National Endowment nor humanities, and its on the library of congress web site called a chronicling in america and the other you way for, up ins. Com newspapers. Com put you can put in search words and dates and you have newspapers from all over the country. So that been a huge sad vans from when i first a huge advance when i first started write using use two books you include recipes, why. Guest because i think its a connection. One of the thing is think is true about women is theres a certain way that we connect no matter where we are and no matter when we are, and one of the ways is through recipes, and so i decided to put some of these womens recipes in. Some are pretty scary. Like this dress a hog a hog residents head, but some of them you can absolutely make ive made and theyre delicious. Host hearty choke pie. Guest art art art artichoke pie. Host oh, okay health a marrow bone . Guest well, Martha Washingtons cookbook, which is at the much to mt. Verb nons dismay is at the Historical Society of pennsylvania, was given to her by her first motherinlaw, by the custus mother, and so that cookbook has to be back too the 17th 17th century at least. Host is it fair to say, 250 years later, that George Washington would not have been George Washington without Martha Washington. Guest i think absolutely. She had the money, first of all. It was her first husband residents money and she was very astute about using it. He was, too, though. He was a good custodian of her money. But she also had a real Public Relation sense, and as much as she loved silks and satins she knew to wear home spun when she was president and she had to work out this complicated business of being the first first lady, and trying to both be informal and inclusive enough to please the people who had just fought a revolution against the monarchy, but also formal and serious enough to have the european powers not laugh at us. And so it was a tough line to walk. Host david in tulsa, oklahoma exyoure on with Cokie Roberts. Hi. Hi. Good afternoon. My vocation in life is that of a middle school u. S. History and u. S. Civics teacher. Guest yay. Caller thank you. Id like to know what women you can imagine our textbooks. Guest theyre horrible. Just burn them. Really. Theyre not worth using. Caller ill tell principal tomorrow were burning our textbooks. What women do you think are most critical where hi students at the end of the year have covered in class and have you come across any minority women of africanamerican or hispanic background that are critical to the United States history. Host david, were she answers that, what do you try to do in one year in your history class in middle school . Who do you try to cover what years, who are some of the people you cover . Caller with u. S. History, we try to cover as much as possible, from the 13 colonies up through to as close to the present as we can possibly get. And technology has been wonderful in that you can bring in resources that arent in your textbook, and so i dont use my textbook nearly as much is a used to in the early parts of my teaching career. Host who are the women you talk about from the text . Abigail adam. I think Eleanor Roosevelt is amazing, absolutely amazing. One of the most important anymore the United States history. And what is covered in our textbook is a little blurb on Eleanor Roosevelt. Host is betsy ross . Guest i do write about her i believe her story is true. I found a reference. First of all, bravo to you and im thrilled know youre even Teaching Middle School history because too many places where were losing that and its really shocking that our children are not learning our history the way they should. And i will tell you that i wrote these books very much in a manner that theyre readable by middle school students. I have, like, four grandchildren in middle school right now, and so i can tell you it is its fun for them to read these books because theyre conversational, and theyre not too hard. But in terms of minority women, again, now, we have been talking about a elite women who had the ears of the founding fathers, but Phyllis Wheatley i do cover because she wrote about George Washington and went to see him, and he asked to meet her because she had been so gifted by the muse. And i write about lucy prince in ladies of alert who wrote the first piece the first poem written by an africanamerican, and then in then of course, sack would sack ya we ya, who is one shaka gentleman we ya, who is one of the most interesting women ive got ton know. I know her through the works of lewis and clark, its so clear in the course of the journey they get to know her and value her more and here as the journey progresses so maybe pouring some of to journals, the part about her would be interesting toed the kids because honestly its noticeable how clarks view of her changes in the course of the trip. And i do not have any hispanic women. A woman from new orleans, Louise Livingston of european descent but came from the eland of what it news haiti and was an example of multiculturalism at this period of time because with the purchase of new orleans, thats when you first got that difference in American Society that we, with any luck, celebrate today. So, there are a variety of different million different women here but die highly recommend the kids just take a look at the books because they are im really not trying to sell books. But die think its something that is interesting. And the kids books works with slightly less ambitious learners but chockfull of information. And wonderful pictures. So, i do think that there are ways in in this literature, which is why i wrote it, because i really want the kids to read it, and people say know all the time, whats important for girls . You know what . Its important to boys, too. The notion that only girls can read about women just makes me nuts. Host so, these two books, ladys of liberty founding mothers posterior eight grades . Guest absolutely. Capital dames, too now. Host joe in indiana york on with Cokie Roberts go ahead. I wanted to ask you about some issues that are too complex to even be talked about on radio or television. Even he you have a threehour program like this one, which is very unusual. I remember when ross perot was running for president and you were on i think with David Brinkley on this week and the we awhose about the difference between a threeway race and a twoway race, the dynamics. And you pretty much threw up your hands and say this is could tao complicated for know think about. Theres another question going on right now that is also even more complicated than that one and that is i think its quite plausible that donald trump entered this race because he didnt want any republican thats for the fair tax to get into the white house because the fair tax would hit real estate so hard. I wonder if you have an opinion on that, and if you have any thoughts about how complicated issues can be extremely important in an election. Guest i dont think i ever threw up my hands hands and sait was too complicated. It was actually pretty easy to think about. But it had a tremendous impact. Ross perots 19 of the vote in that race influenced the congress for years to come. But its possible that the donald trump has motives other than wanting to run win the presidency but i would not avibe those to him. Ill take him at face value he wants to be president. Well see whether that possible or not. But the notion that he is doing this to line his own pockets or keep them from being stripped would surprise me because he is spending a whole lot of money. He is stripping his open pockets as he goes around the country doing this now. Host its he sun someone you know. Guest i mitt him and interview head one time when he was talking about running for president but i dont know him. Host are there any president ial candidates you havent met that you would know. Ted cruz maybe . Hes newer on the season. Guest he was any daughters class in college. But i think ive met him on the hill. I guess ive probably met them. Ive probably met them all but i dont know them. Host text message from 214thank you so much for upholding your family values and long tradition of public service. I believe money guest houston, i believe. Host 2 4 . I believe money in politics changed our government the most, not just where it comes from but where it is not spent on campaigns. Guest well, money and politics is a serious problem, and it has lots of affects, one of which is to keep people out who would be good candidates, and good Public Servants. One is to distract people from doing the jobs they should be doing in terms of governing to get out and raise money all the time. One of the things were seeing right now is that because of the way that super pacs can support a candidate is that were not having the normal winnowing process in the president ial campaign. That has its advantages because it means that a lot of people will still be there when people actually start voting, and so the voters will have more choices. But it does have a tremendous impact, and it both keeps people out of politics and drives people out of politics. And thats a serious issue. Host don is calling from delware, ohio. Please go ahead with your question or comment. Caller thank you very much, cspan, for letting me speak to ms. Roberts. Its an honor to talk to her. I would just like to know, considering the legacy of past president s and first ladies, some president s we always remember, Like Washington and lincoln, and some president s being totally forgotten. What do you think the Lasting Legacy of president and first lady obama will be in comparison . Will obama Barack Obamacare las . Host were going to leave it there and get an answer. Guest well, as president , george w. Bush always said, you need a little bit more time to know what a legacy is going to be. History takes time. And so we will not know, but i do think in terms of mrs. Obama, actually weve already seen some change in childrens obesity rates, and that is a subject that she has spent an enormous amount of time and energy on. So i think she has had an impact there. And one of the things that is true is that first ladies continue on, on the topics they are interested in, after they leave office. And so i think that you will see mrs. Obama on the public stage, as she and mrs. Bush, laura bush, have done things together, and after mrs. Obama is no longer in the white house she will have the opportunity to do that more. I had the wonderful opportunity twice to interview the two of them together, which was utterly delightful, and to see how they cooperate with each other, like each other work together, and i think youll see a lot more of that after the presidency. In terms of president president s policy legacy, again, we have to wait and see. I think that aspects of obamacare have now permeated the entire health system, and will stay there, but whether the entire legislation sticks around or not, we dont know. But its the kind of thing that gets tweaked anyway. Were already seeing problems with the exchanges, and so theres changes that will be made under any circumstance, regardless who is president or who is in congress, and in terms of Foreign Policy were at such a difficult period that we really are in the middle of chaos almost in the world, and i think we just have to wait and see how that plays out. Host you participated in cspan did a series last year on the first ladies. Guest right. Host and one of the women who came up for 50 years throughout the series was dolly maddison, not only was first lady but she stayed she guest she ran washington. Host there you go. Guest she did. For years, before she was first lady, too. She arrived here in 1801, with her husband as secretary of state in washington, washington was this pathetic muted mud hole and already the country was having the kind of partisanship we see today, and regionalism. And it was really threatening this fragile little tiny brand new country, and she understood that to hold the country together, that she had to bring the people together. And so she had events, parties, where the men who were in government had to be there. They had to be there because if they werent there they missed out on all the political information and all the political dealmaking, and so she insisted that they come together and that they have drinks together and that they behave, and she really did keep the country together in that period. And then she was first lady, where she became wildly popular, particularly after the british invasion of washington, where she saved the portrait George Washington, and came back to this needed city, and started lobbying to keep the capital in washington, and she was very successful in that. And then she did go off for a few years after madisons retirement from the white house, and back to virginia, but she was always writing letters, and tell me whats going on, whats going on in washington in and then she did come book as a widow, where she reigned over the city until she died in 1849. So it was stretch of half under, and every head of state called on her and asked her for advice, and when visiting heads of state came, they would call on her. She was very much the prominent personage of the city. Host text message why drew think American History is not taught in high school anymore. I have friend who has never heard of James Madison. Guest thats awful. A whole variety of reasons. The emphasis on testing has been much more on mass math and reading, and i dont know why the reading cant be about American History, but it has not gotten the kind of attention that it should get, and then it has a lot to do with test because if advance placement tests arent on history, people dont want to teach history. They want to teach to the test and all of that. So its real issue, but honestly, if we dont know our history, we dont understand what the country is all about, and that is a terrible tragedy, and James Madison wrote the constitution. And so the notion that never heard of James Madison is somewhat scary. Host your book, founding mothers, says here that this book supports the Common Core Learning Standards for english language, arts arts and literacd history and social studies. Guest what happened around common core is absurd, and both seems have been silly about it. I think it might have even started with me, enough that i think of it. One day i was moderating an enormous town hall of governors at the 50th anniversary of the National Governors association, jedwin dale was the president and brought back former governors. So this great huge statement stage full of governors and exmoderators and i was moderating on the subject of education, i asked them to raise their hands if they thought they could come together on some set of standards they could agree on. They all raise id their hasnts and not long after that we got common core. So i dont know. What it is, it was conceived in the statesnot in washington. Washington had nothing to do with common core, and it was in an attempt on the part of the states to try get some sort of uniformity about what people were learning in school so you had some ability to know what young people were being educated in. And its still run by the states, but its become a bug abu on both sides a bugaboo on both sides and and that a shame because the idea is excellent and i dont think any of us would want our children not have an excellent education. Host text message from ray in north dakota. Dear cokie, what woman do you think should be pictured on the guest ive gotten this a lot and ive had a lot of trouble with it. What i can tell you is ive got absolutely no problem getting rid of alexander hamilton. Not my favorite. Hes cute. Ill give him cute. But alexander hamilton, not only cheated on his wife, but he then fought this ridiculous leaving her pennyless with seven children. Why was he his wife left in debt if was such a great secretary of treasury. I lost my love for him. My real problem with a woman on the bill is the women did not have the same kind of and still do not have the same kind of power as the moan who are on our currency, but the women who i can make a really good case for is clara barton. Clara barton not only this one of the things when i say text books are terrible ourte books say she founded the american red cross, lining just happened overnight and it was easy. The american amendment, she went as the american represented to geneva in 1884. They pass the american amendment, as which is still referred to that way and with that said, was that the and when she ecrost only going to was went ,ich is what it had been do, but could also go in after natural disaster, so anytime you hear about the red cross being someplace after an earthquake in nepal or a flood in the midwest or katrina, whatever it is, is because of clara barton, so i can make a case for her. Host in Capital Gains you do an epilogue, which it is really interesting and she went overseas for a long time recuperating and there is an epilogue of all the characters that were covered. Guest in 1868 with the inauguration of grant and if so what happened to all of these women after that, so that epilogue. Host nancy, thank you for holding. You are on with author and journalist Cokie Roberts. First of all, ms. Roberts, you are a national treasure. Guest thank you. That makes me feel very old. No, i even think young people are national treasures. Guest oh, good. If you could interview anyone, any woman, dead or alive , who would that be and why and i will hang up for your answer. Guest gosh, i will be terrible at this answer because, because there are so many i would like to interview and many of them are very different from each other. The female pharaoh, she must have been a piece of work. Catherine of siena, there have been so many different women. All of the american female saints who are just one courageous wonderful woman after another, elizabeth a deep to francis cabrini to mother theodore guerin, i mean there are a fabulous cook women. So, i just dont know where i would begin and end with it. There are so many i would look like to. That is heaven, to me. I am looking forward to that in heaven. Host bonnie in louisville, being black with the awareness of black, or read the danas davis looks like she could be family. Of that speculated . Guest sure it was and as anyone in the south knows, there was always a speculation, at least one drop of blood could mean segregation and all of that, so there was some speculation, but it wasnt as much that as yankee. Not as much as she was speculated as being a dorky as they would have said as being a yankee. Host shirley in wisconsin are your books on audiotape . Guest yes, all on audiotape in iraq have read them all. Host what was that process likely to hard. Its easier for me as a broadcaster than for most people, i think. Actually, the harder part, i write these books very very selfconsciously in my voice because and i dont mean this to say on selfimportant, but a lot of people in america know my voice and so, i mean, i have been on the radio for ever and ever amen, so the fact is to write in my voice i think is important. It is harder to write in my voice plan to write pretty, but i do right the books in my voice, so does make it easier to read them that it would otherwise be one every time we have an author on indepth in book tv we ask him or her about their favor, what theyre reading currently, some of their influences and we will show you what Cokie Roberts had to say and we will also show you a little bit from a book party for capital dames that book tv covered earlier this year and our c2. Guest they are so much fun to learn about and they are funny and i see and frank and irreverent and they tell you things like, you know, Stephen Douglas stinks. [laughter] guest and you know they tell you things you guys dont tell you and its really a whole lotta fun to learn about it and read about it. Really, i enjoyed it and i have enjoyed it now that it is over. [laughte host Cokie Roberts, who is Ellen Gilchrest . Guest ellen is a wonderful writer of short stories from the city, new orleans, nation. I never met her. She was supposed be at the louisiana book festival, but did not find her, but i love her short stories. Host what makes new orleans. Guest what makes it special . Host unique was the word i was going to use in a bit different, one of the key unique places. Guest i always say its like an ethnicity to come from new orleans. We have our own food, music, basically our own language in a real sense of place and it is not, it isnt like any other place in the country. Its much more mediterranean. In fact, in capital dames, elizabeth who is here in washington is union very much for the unions and at times she says she has trouble thinking of the south as our enemy. They are alvar relatives in kentucky and in virginia and tennessee, and she says now new orleans, that is different. They are a bunch of french people and a so that was a sense that it was just a Foreign Place. It was a Foreign Place with unimportant ports. That was true throughout the history of this country, but it was always welcoming and remains welcoming to all kinds of people. When i was growing up, always although store windows, there was always that sense of multiple linkages and party. Its a great place to party and parade and that spirit spirit meets the place at going after katrina, my biggest sense, even with all of the huge devastation, but thing i couldnt get over the most was the silence. I had never been in the city in my whole life when it was silent and finally one day there was this a soul trumpet that played and i thought thank god, someone is back. So, it is a special place. Host i think it is in capital dames that you talk about a trip you took to port soccer with your grandkids is. Guest guess, taking each set of grandkids to fort sumter and we were dare at my children and at that point her youngest was fairly young and these kids go to these places and try to completely scavenger in the gift shop and so he says, what side were we on, he didnt know whether to buy blue or gray. She said everyone who is alive in your family at the time that for the south, but it was good for the country that the north one and i think that is a very good description. Host in from this day forward with your husband Steve Roberts, you talk about the vietnam war and a luncheon you had with your folks at 21. Host not one of my proudest moments. Host what happened . Host it was a time when tempers were flaring over the vietnam war and there was a lot of judge wright generational conflict and my father was in the democratic leadership of congress and supporter, strong supporter of president johnson and the Johnson Family and our family was very close and my husband was subject to the draft and it was a very bad moments, but we got in a big screaming fight in public about the vietnam war, which is not something i normally would do. Host and you say you regret it. Guest i do regret it. Host this is a text message from dan and chicago having suffered sudden family lost myself i wonder if cookie could speak to the rock loss of her father and the conspiratorial mention surrounding . Guest it continues to this day. It is understandable, the plane was never found and so people always have conspiracies about things like that. A million ehrhart has conspiracies around to this day. But, it was incredibly shocking and painful and not having a body, frankly, is a very unsettling thing. There is a reason for our rituals around death and they are the word closure is a terrible word and i do not believe in it, but they are comforting and they are a way of understanding that the death has actually occurred. Not having that is very unsettling is only what i can use. As i said earlier i live in the house i grew up in and for a long time we moved in and i was hesitant to change the kitchen wallpaper because i thought maybe he would show up and be confused of the wallpaper if it isnt the same. Totally irrational attitudes, and id didnt act on them, but they were there in the back of my brain, so it is a very difficult sort of situation to have to deal with. I know intellectually that by far the most likely thing to have happened is that the plane iced up and sunk to the bottom up Prince William town, which is 600 be deep and was just never seen again, but that is one thing to know intellectually and another thing to embrace emotionally. There are conspiracy theories ranging from he was on the Warren Commission and maybe he knew something about the kennedy death or he was there was he and Herbert Hoover had crossed swords that maybe there was something with hoover. I mean, there have been all kinds of conspiracies. I dont think that is the way life works. I think conspiracies are much too rational and i think life is much less rational. Host this text message, wonderful example of women bring about change, i wonder if you know of the book, written out of history by Sondra Hendry and emily pats with your unique background i thought you might be interested in the whole idea of women being ignored by historians. That is from barbara. I do know about the book and it is true. Women have been ignored by historians. Our names are not on the documents and we were not the generals and the wars and so there is a sense that therefore the women that is why i have devoted a great part of my life to try to change that. Host 2027488200. You can also send a text message , just include your first name and city, if you would. Dont call this number, its just for text messages. In the second half of our program we will be looking at some of the twitter messages and the Facebook Comments as well, but right now its bora in erie, pennsylvania on book two petitti with Cokie Roberts. Caller good afternoon. And went to tell you, i have to bring up an issue that might be one of the once you referred to about talking to Gloria Steinem that might be exhausting. I dont know what your personal views are, but i think it has been just an atrocity that millions of, 55 million plus unborn amys since roe v wade have been killed in abortion and i think you are catholic. I would like to hear your views about what we can do to lessen the number. I know its going down and we most of us the poor that acts of the person who shot up planned parenthood, but i wanted to ask you if you think there was an article in the guardian about savings one life and its a charity that offers money to women who dont want to abort, but they do because of financial struggles host i think we got your point. As get an answer. Guest i think that movement to try to help women who want to carry their babies to term is very important and one of the things that has been true in the Catholic Church for a long time. Particularly, the religious women of the church are trying to help those women. It is clearly a subject that is terrible divisiveness in the country because it is not like money or you can split the difference. So, people who feel strongly feel very strongly morally on both sides, actually. But, i think those of us who would like to see no abortions, but the answer really is moral persuasion rather than lost because we know what happens when you pass laws that people dont believe in. So, i think the work on moral persuasion actually is succeeding to some degree, as you just send the number of abortions have gone down and the attitudes among young people on the subject are very different from among young people of an earlier age. So, i think that to continue to be compassionate and to show mercy as the pope said to the people who have found themselves in this position makes a tremendous, a great deal of sense and will also have an impact because being angry and hateful is not the way to win hearts and minds. Host chapter six from this day forward is on divorce and you talk about the fact that roman catholics diverse at that divorce at the same rate as other groups. One reason for this trend is that divorce breeds divorce as the National Marriage project puts it, divorce is an ever present theme in books, music, theme of the Youth Culture and reallife experiences hardly reassured. Guest again, there is some evidence that the divorce rate is going down and what happens with divorce is a good bit of recidivism, but i certainly saw it with my kids generation where they were so aware of their friends parents divorces that it was something that they kind of looked for hoping they could find someone that was not out of that pattern of divorce, but it is like anything else. Are there some people for whom and divorce is the right answer . Absolutely and particularly in abusive situations. But, and are all divorces tha . Absolutely not, but to the degree that try to stay married forever, i think is probably better, but it is not for everyone and im not the person to decide. Host why did you devote a whole chapter this book . Guest you cant talk about marriage without talking about divorce. Host next call for Cokie Roberts comes from brent in portland, oregon. Hello. Caller cokie, do you think we would ever have the political will to completely financed National Campaigns to her washington politicians guest my answer is no. As you know that there was a brief moment in our history where we had that and then the Supreme Court ruled that you could not keep someone from spending their own money in a Political Campaign and is so that started to unravel the whole thing. As you well know, since then it has been unraveled even more, but even before we had the Citizens United decision from the Supreme Court you did not have members of Congress Voting to publicly financed campaigns and for two reasons, one its always hard to get people to change the financing from the way they were elected. They got there under the current system, so that is always difficult. Its also true that if you try to go to the tax payers and say you are going to pay for Political Campaigns, most tax payers would be up in arms, so its a very very very hard nut to crack. Host Cokie Roberts first wrote her her first book in 1998, we are our mothers daughters from the state ordered founding mothers, the women who raised our nation cannot 2004, ladies of liberty in 2008, united traditions were interfaith families came out and 2011, founding mothers, remembering the ladies, which was her first Childrens Book and working on her second currently and founding mothers cannot in 2014 and her most recent bestseller is capital dames, the silver civil war and the women of washington. Guest this is the revised and expanded versions which came out like 2000 host 2009, so there is a revised updated version of that we are our mothers daughters. Guest you have a noisy machine. Host i apologize for that. K, in denver, hello. Caller i am so pleased to have an opportunity to see this program. Guest good. Caller cokie, i first heard of you, actually matthew in commerce, texas in 1975. You came to to the symposium on the small School Campus along with lady bird, sarah weddington, Liz Carpenter host of other wonderful people. I am so glad i had the opportunity to hear you because i continue to Teach High School government. Guest wonderful. Caller i have loved all of your works and its wonderful to have this opportunity to see you. Would you tell me the proper way that i, a former texan, should pronounce the name of your state guest in texas you probably say louisiana. Caller mostly. Guest even in louisiana, louisiana hands because people in north louisiana might be inclined to say louisiana as well, but it is louisiana. Host and you have been saying new orleans. Guest its pronounced if only by everyone and you can almost tell where you grew up by how you pronounce it, but the way i pronounce it is basically saying new orleans very fast. Host saundra, from california. Caller hello, capital dames Cokie Roberts you are a national treasure. Im a 70year old Senior Citizen guest i am older than you are, so stop with that Senior Citizen. Caller god bless you. Keep up your work. Your voice is soft and we need you. Guest arent you kind, thank you. Caller i look forward to getting your last book. Guest great. Host Cokie Roberts, do you like the public attention maybe like is not the correct word. Are you used to going out public with without people stopping you . Guest people are very kind and people who dont like me dont come up and say anything, im happy to say, so i can hardly be resentful of that and i can tell you, peter, when it was really important when i had Breast Cancer and at first i found it somewhat offputting that people would come up to and talk to me about it and then i thought, you jerk. Here are people offering you their goodwill, prayers, their concern and their noisy machines and i then realized that i was really cushioned by that and it was a wonderful support system of strangers. Host kent in irving, texas, please go ahead. Caller cokie, i really enjoy your work and he went to thank you for upholding your family values. Guest thank you. Caller that means a lot to me and i am sorry for the losses and your family, but i did want to ask you, dont you think that a Common Thread in our political structure that causes the biggest problems is the money . There is no way all of these candidates are spending this much money on their campaigns. I mean, we would be making chilean heirs overnight through airtime and newspaper ads. Is just bribery. Guest i agree money is a huge issue in politics as i said earlier, but the one thing to keep in mind is that the people who spend a great deal of money often lose. Let me introduce you to steve forbes. A major issue to ross perot. Its not dispositive. Its a very heavy thumb on the scale. But, it doesnt necessarily tip the scale and i think that is something that is worth keeping in mind. Host stephen, decatur, illinois, we are talking with author and commentator Cokie Roberts. Hello, stephen. Caller hello. I dont necessarily consider cokie a national treasure, to me she was always a great talker and one that was very charming. I could get the facts and that was very c. Guest for about 10 years, i think and then, then the president of gw said the magic words, endowed chair because he had been an adjunct and loved it and then he was actually offered the professorship and he jumped at it. Host from this day forward, the way its written is you are pretty frank in their about when you became more prominent, at least your face and in being more wellknown that he and what that did to your marriage or what it did do to your marriage. Guest you know, some men would not be able to deal with that and particularly our generation. We werent raised expecting that and all of the young men that i knew in those years are expected to be at least president of the United States and if so to have and we women didnt expect to do anything, so the tables turned on as a great deal. We really had to go through a lot of changes in society and our own lives and luckily for us even though we met very very young we have been able to manage together and very lovingly. I dont mean that every day has been perfect, but we have been married now 49 years and its an awfully nice thing is. Host text from barbara they are in kansas city, missouri long admired you, insightful observer of the people in the world of politics. Your Historical Research and writing is remarkable, but i would enjoy reading your eye witness account to the years you have any front row seat to modern history. Any chance . Guest no. No, i mean, first of all i feel like i do that all the time. I mean, i comment on write about what i have seen, but secondly it is really nice to write about dead people. They cannot argue with you. Ever so often what of the descendents will. I had a descendent come up and give me grief not too long ago about one of the women in my books i basically said to her, give it a rest, she is dead or hundreds of years. So but also, i think it is really important to bring history to life. I just think i am on a mission i am on a mission to let americans know about the women in our history. First, to learn about myself, but second to let americans know about it because i think its really important. Host anna is in irving, texas and you are on book tv on cspan 2 with author Cokie Roberts. Guest and other irving, texas. Caller hello. I enjoy speed cspan and ms. Roberts i enjoy your work on abc and npr and i would like to ask similar to the rebel ladies you write about, do you feel like you have been able to take advantage of the opportunities you have been given an in journalism and as an author and a historian or have you been able to actually shape those opportunities yourself and also, what do you think about facebook for washington dc. Thank you. Guest i think i have been very blessed. I mean, really, think of it. I was blessed to be born into the family i was born into and have the education that i had been married the man that i have and i am healthy i have healthy children and grandchildren. Its been a series of gifts and to the degree that i have been able to make a success of it, of course, i have been able to take advantage of it and i havent tried very hard to pass along that two other people especially to mentor young women along the way. So, i understand that i have been given many many great gifts and none of this happens to everyone and that this is something that i have an obligation to share my best to make better for other people and dc statehood is kind of a part of that, that there is a question of representation and ability to make life better to the People Living in the district of columbia. I think most of the country does not really understand that the people who live here in washington dc do not have equal representation in the United States government. It has gotten better over the years in terms of voting for president and home rule and all that, but it still, there is not equal representation in the United States congress and, you know, that is fundamentally undemocratic. Host the dedication and capital dames, because i write about women i have dedicated my books to them, but i realize i went out and able to write these books without the men in my life have been taking me seriously first is a girl and as a woman, so it is those men, three of whom we lost last year that i think with this book, my father, may brother, my brotherinlaw mark roberts and my brotherinlaw mark sigmund and most especially my husband, stephen roberts. Guest it was a very hard year, last year. When brother, mark, dropped dead in july and my brother dropped dead. My brotherinlaw paul, my sisters husband was older and sick, but also died last year and a couple of good friends, so it was a very rough year. But, at least i was able to think the public. Host marsha from illinois. Caller hello. I was wondering i loved your books, founding mothers and capital dames and i was wondering if youd ever considered writing some of the women that helped settle the west like Elizabeth Custer and jesse bitton fremont and i have been reading the diaries of the books on William Guest lewis and clark . Caller yes, and i was wondering, do you think William Clark was in love with check sacajawea . Guest yes come i do. Host stay on the line and we will get an answer from Cokie Roberts, but what do you do and why the interest in what you talked about . Caller well, i live in a small Farming Community and i farm, i raise cattle by myself and i have always had a big interest in American History, even before america was a nation i especially has met have been interested in anything to do with the west. Guest i can understand that if you are farming and raising cattle by yourself. So, you are a pioneer woman yourself. Jesse been fremont i write a lot about in capital dames and she was quite an interesting person. She was the most famous women in america in 1856, when her husband was running for president s. She had a hard life ended as you know and up in the west where the women of los angeles by her her house and made it possible for her to really live out her life with dignity, but i do think the western womens stories are fascinating. The mormon women who walked across the country, all of them, those are incredible stories. I am more comfortable writing about washington just because i think that i bring a certain sensibility to that, so if i can combine womens history and political history, i think it kind of works in my books, but there have been some terrific books about women of the west and i do think William Clark was in love with sacajawea, and i think she was probably in love with him also. That christmas when they were in the far west in oregon, she found a way to give him some small present and that was really hard for her to do. At that and her husband was a jerk. At the end of the trip, clark did write that she deserved a much greater reward. She got no reward, so she clearly deserved a greater one then she was able to give and he then did want to adopt really her baby and she said, well, i am still nursing him and so the way she worked it out was instead of letting him bring the baby to st. Louis, she moved to st. Louis with her husband. So, clark did educate the boy and but, she was there also. You know, whether anything came of it or not, i would doubt it given the time and all that, but did they have more than a passing affection for each other x my guess is yes. Host marsha, we havent extra copy of Cokie Roberts, you send your address to book tv at cspan. Org and we will get Cokie Roberts to sign the book after the show and we will send it out to you from book tv and thats from marsha in illinois and again, just send your address if you want to to book tv at cspan. Org and we will get Cokie Roberts to sign it for you. Richard in denver, hello richard. Caller i was wondering, just a couple of things, but your that would be on presence, the old adage is that anyone can be president and apparently, it doesnt apply to well with the current republican party. The other thing is i was wondering what your opinion of states having the right to determine the abortion decision, too little quick comments, if you would. Guest i will start with the second one first because its easier. States were in charge of abortion until the Supreme Court decision on the road grove versus wade in 1972, but once the court said that abortion, before a certain time was unconstitutional, then it moves out of the realm of the states and now the states can pass laws that limit abortions comic can require things like parental consent where minors having abortion, that kind of thing, but they cant absolutely outlawed them under the constitution the way it now stands. Unless another case goes to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court reverses grove versus wade. The other question was host i apologize, my thought, i did not write it down and i apologize to that gentleman in denver, but this is an bob from duluth minnesota, would you consider did you ever meet her . Guest i did meet her because her granddaughter went to school with me when i went to stoneridge here in washington. Her daughter had tragically committed suicide and her granddaughter, joanna stern, was a couple of classes behind me at stoneridge. Mrs. Longworth came in her limousine to pick up joanna every day and she was very dedicated grandmother. But, she was also the character that you know her to be. You know, if you have nothing nice to say, come sit by me. But, i think she had a very hard life. I mean, her mother died when she was young. She crew up with his rowdy bunch of roosevelt kids in the white house and a stepmother and her husband, nicholas longworth, was awful and so i think and then she lost her daughter, so it was not an easy life, but she was a fascinating character. Host there was a new book that came out about Alice Roosevelt longworth and Eleanor Roosevelt and the relationship. Did you ever meet Eleanor Roosevelt . Guest i did meet mrs. Roosevelt and again she was around in politics, really when i was a young woman and so through my parents involved in politics i had opportunity. Host brad in minneapolis, hello, brad. Hello. I dont know if you mentioned this earlier about your father, can you talk about about what his feelings were about the findings of the Warren Commission. I have always heard that he had questions about it and of course, there is a conspiracy angle to it that was even tied to his plane missing and if you could mention that i would appreciate it. Guest my father actually did not have questions about the Warren Commission and that is something i has been around, but shortly before he died, he was asked about it and said he was comfortable with the findings of the Warren Commission. Jim garrison, the person who had all of the conspiracy theories, my father that was completely wrong. Host carolyn, texas, text three parts to this question. How do you practice your catholic faith in the very patriarch cultic religion is number one and as a feminist, how do you practice your faith and then an unrelated question. Guest will, you know, i am catholic like i breathe, so it is really impossible for me not to be catholic. Does it make me curious the patriot take her seat of church . Absolutely and it makes me particularly. Some half of religious women because they are they are doing this incredible work. I am talking about nuns really doing the work of jesus. The fact that they have to put up with men who can be really very appalling is something that should not have to happen. Pope francis has helped along those lines a lot. When he came to this country and made it very clear that he was very appreciative of the work that the nuns are doing, that was in a very very important step. But, he does understand that he doesnt understand women. He is clear, he may expect in in his statement. So, its an issue and if i were maybe a younger person nor a person who had different upgrade me upbringing than catholicism i might not be able to continue to practice as i do, but i am too committed to it as a lifelong catholic to be able to tubular to say to say goodbye to it because it matters too much to me and i do chelates since a very strong sisterhood with the women and im in close touch with many of them and i am so admiring in the work that they do and i feel like it would be abandoning them in some way and also it is my church. They cant run me out of it. Host was your mother the first female ambassador . Guest yes. Host to the vatican . Guest yes. Host was that important at the time . Guest she was worried it might be an issue, but it really was not in my mother was a really worldclass diplomat. She had been that her whole life, but then she was officially it and really those who came in after she died on the Diplomatic Community was quite something. She also really understood certain important things about america that she was able to impart in rome in ways that they could understand because she was a politician and they are politicians and so she was very good at it. Host Alice Roosevelt longworth, are they longterm historical figures like some of the women you have written about in capital dames . Guest certainly Eleanor Roosevelt is. And claire booth has her moment in history. I think Alice Longworth is more of that someone of a character. There is a woman i write about in ladies of liberty, betsy bonaparte, who was a rich girl from baltimore, patterson was her maiden name and she married napoleons younger brother and he came on a tour of the United States and the pulley and quickly put an end to that, but she stated bonaparte for life and she was a character and she does come down in history because she was a good character and did have letters. Everyone else wrote about her because she wore very seethrough clothes and in fact, at her wedding one of the wedding guests said what she was wearing would have fit in his pocket as a handkerchief, but he married her, so she was someone was she significant in terms of what she did . No, she was significant in giving us a good deal of entertainment. Host john and winfield, alabama. Caller hello. Thank you for taking my call. Down here in the woods of alabama. Guest wears winfield . Caller it is sort of in between jasper, alabama and tupelo, mississippi speech you got it. Caller big fan of years and used to listen to you when i taught Elementary School back in the 80s. Guest good. Caller got to teach elementary history and so please with the Childrens Book. Guest thank you. Caller just had a couple of questions i wanted to ask you. One was, in light of the fact that you are your family was very political, my dad was the mayor of my town, so i can kind of see similar things. Being southern also in southern politics and in light of the fact that they are very political, how has that shaped your views politically and maybe giving you a unique empathy for politicians . Guest thats a very good way of putting it. It has given me the fee for politicians and i know that they go home at night to rowdy households and homework and all that and that they are regular people who deal with regular issues and here in washington do it in a difficult financial situation because housing here is expensive and they dont make as much as a lot of people in town. So, i do have empathy for them and as i said earlier, i do think that almost all of them are here to serve the public, so i am in my reading of that and i admire the fact that they are willing to be in that arena to be ready to take on these issues of Public Policy where they can make a big difference in peoples lives. So, i do think i do have a sense of understanding. Host almost three hours we have that here and the words Hillary Clinton have not been uttered, which is kind of a bit of a shock to me since we are talking about a lot of women in history. Guest i think that was that john is other question where he said can anyone grow up to be president and my reaction to that was, well, so far anyone but a girl. So, i do think that that moment is upon us, perhaps. That will not decide the election, certainly. But, i do think that there are people in the country who feel strongly that it is time and i think mrs. Clinton is playing on that this time around in a way she did not in 2008. Now, its a very different set of circumstances. But, i do think that that that is hanging their. Host in many ways even if she did not win, which he be seen as someone who is important in history, first lady, secretary state, senator . Guest yes, absolutely. I think that the common nation of her various forms of service. That has already placed her in his the history books. Host judy in louisiana. Guest hello. Caller hello. My question is, what is your opinion of removing the confederate memorial in new orleans, like the statute statue. What is your opinion of removing those. Host judy, what is your opinion . Caller it should not be removed because its part of our history, not only new orleans, but louisiana and the south. Host Cokie Roberts. Guest to me its kind of striking to think about lees circle without lee and it was called something before that, but the mayor has said that he has really been struck by some of the things that the people on the city council have told him and i think that makes a difference. I have had other people from new orleans of color tell me that when they were children they were really uncomfortable going around that statue and again, remember these are not things that dates back to the war. These are things that are much more recent and her history. So, again, the lee statue is somewhat comforted because it i think it is on the National Register for historic places, not sure, but i think that is true or historic landmark or some such thing. I think it would make a certain amount of sense to have that the one of the monuments that does incorporate a lot of history. Whereas, some of the others in new orleans i think a guy with no problem. Host tell us stories about david, sam and george of this week. This is wrong, in fargo, north dakota. Guest one of the things that was so much fun about that program and we are all good friends and enjoy being with each other and we traveled some and that was always fun. But, no one was difference off the air them on the air. So, people who watch the program really did get a good sense of who we were or are and its not like there was some wild and crazy george out there that was waiting to get off the air or some quiet and came sam that was waiting to get off the air. They are very smart, very interesting, very wellinformed men who brought those attributes to television. Host david in pittsburg, california, please go ahead with your question or comment. Caller i will take it off the air after im curious why we dont have debates like the Lincoln Douglas debates during the 1850s and 60s and stuff like that and the other question i have to ask you, most of your republican slated people that are right for president s, i have a feeling they dont have a sense but the history of this country is about and i would like to have your comments on that. Thank you very much and i will take it off the air. Guest Newt Gingrich tried to do those debates when he was running last time and i think he did get someone to engage with him on them, but its almost impossible to get americans to watch debates that are broken up with questions that are now in our long and people to sit down and actually Pay Attention to a very long disquisition where the two candidates are just talking to each other, i suspect the viewership on that would be about three, and that is a shame , but i think that is the case. But, every so often candidates try it and thats kind of fun, but the republicans i dont think it is confined to the republicans running for president who dont know our history. I have been wailing about that through this whole three hours of how much our history is not taught and how much it needs to be taught. There is one part that is a tiny advantage, which is in america, the fact that we dont know our history has a certain advantage, which is that we dont nurse these grudges as people do in other countries where they are willing to go to war with each other over something that happened a thousand years ago among their ancestors. Fortunately, we dont do that, but on the other hand we also dont know some of the really important parts about our history and about getting through period of time when there was tremendous differences among us and they were worked out legislatively and in ways that kept the country together. Also, done with the word compromise, which is something that, of course has to happen if people are to come together. Well, as i mentioned earlier, booktv covered a book party for capitol dames in may of this this year when it first came out. I want to show you a piece of video and get your reaction to it. Guest okay. This great mission, this great contribution that cokie has discovered at this stage of her life where she is rescuing [laughter] the history [laughter] Everybody Needs an editor. I just bring mine along. [laughter] or a producer, as the case may be. Guest thats my dear husband, steven. It was at this stage of our life i probably said something along the line about being old. But hes very kind about this work, because it really is not pleasant to be with me when im in the, near the end of a book. And this book because last year was rough, i was on horrible deadline, and january i was getting up at three in the morning and writing straight through until 6 30 at night and googling heart attack symptoms in women. [laughter] so it was, he really had to put up with a lot. Host were you really googling that . Guest yes. Because the stress level was so high. But he was, hes, you know, my biggest supporter by a long shot, and he was very sweet host with everything that happened to you, did you consider delaying . Guest well, the sesquicentennial was going to be over in april of 2015, and i really wanted it to be in the stores while the sesquicentennial was still going on. Host bob is in nashville. Bob, please go ahead. Caller yes, ms. Roberts guest hi. Caller you are very much in the well, very similar background to tennessees forgotten favorite son, al gore. [laughter] parents both very much southern progressives. Have you ever considered writing a book about your parents . Guest no, i really havent because, you know, thats fraught, to write a book about your parents. But my mother wrote a wonderful book called washington through a purple veil about her own life, although as she said later, think what a good book i could have written if i had been willing to tell the truth. Meaning that, you know, she doesnt telltales out of school. Tell tales out of school. But particularly the women, pauline gore and my mother were very good friends. Ive known al gore since the day he was born, and it is true that the families were similar in their politics. Host next call for Cokie Roberts comes from rich in lawrence, kansas. Hi, rich. Caller hi. My its a really quick question. Have you ever had the urge during an interview with a politician to say, oh, come on now, you cant possibly believe that. Guest well, ive had the urge to say liar, liar, or pants on fire, and i think ive actually said it. And i know i said to one once on the air really what youre saying is chap clap if you believe in tinkerbell. I dont beat around the bush, but i havent ever said you cant believe that, because thats not fair. They might actually believe it, you never know. Host yost, las vegas. Please go ahead with your question or comment for author and journalist Cokie Roberts. Caller yes, ms. Roberts guest hi. Caller thank you for taking the call. Always have been a great admirer of your commentaries on television. Guest thank you. Caller i came here as an immigrant back in 62 from holland and joined the United States air force. Im a veteran, a vietnamera veteran. One of the questions ive got, and since you have that long perspective on American History and american politics, what bothers me personally is what i see as a crudeification, a coarseness, an increasing tendency toward vulgarity in American Culture and also Many American politics. In american politics. Is this something which has happened many times before, or is this something, a trend which is particularly disquieting . That is basically my question. Guest well, weve certainly had very poisonous, partisan, polarized times before. But the vulgarity is something, somewhat new. And i do think youre right that it is, it permeates society. I mean, there are bumper stickers that have words that we would have to bleep on television on them. And, you know, when i was growing up, there was such censorship that books like lady chatterlys lover were not allowed into the United States. And now that just seems quaint. So there are, there certainly is a vulgarity in the music and the way people talk. And, of course, that is bound to spill over into all aspects of life. And were seeing now some of the candidates being celebrated for using vulgarity. And other candidates imitating them because they think maybe thatll make them look tough. So, no, its something that i find very unpleasant. It certainly is the kind of thing you raised your children nod to do. And, you know not to do. And it is interesting. These words are still bleeped on television and radio, but used much more than they used to be, and i think thats too bad. Host from capital dames, not all of the entertaining in the capital was of the savory sort. Washington, where many married men lived without their lives, had long supported its bawdy houses. Now with young, single soldiers swarming into the city, the oldest profession arrived. Guest indeed. Both black and white prostitutes by the thousands were in the city. And the most famous house was where the American Indian museum is now on the national mall. Ms. Halls house. And she was at one point, you know, just as it is today, every so often the police would raid these places, and the trial this is why newspapers are so wonderful, the trial was covered in great detail. And one of young policemen said he went in, and he didnt see the women doing any work meaning they werent sewing, and he said, so i thought maybe a wedding was going on, because they were serving champagne. And the chief says, there was no wedding. [laughter] but ms. Hall, even though, you know, she would occasionally get arrested, was considered such an upstanding citizen of the community. She died quite wealthy, and she has a big monument to her in the congressional that she put up herself in Congressional Cemetery. And the newspaper stories about her upon her death were all about what a wonderful person she was and what a contributor to society. Laugh so there you go. Host Congressional Cemetery is a little Hidden Treasure here guest its a wonderful place. My daughter worked there for a while doing the programs host j. Edgar hoover . Guest well, my father has a pent taffe there, an empty time. And the story of those sent taffes is interesting because they were designed by benjamin trove who, of course, was the designer of much of washington, and they were the places where members of congress were basically stored until the weather was such that they could be taken back to their states to be buried. There was some consideration that theyre so ugly that people avoided dying. Stay out of them. But i dont think theyre that bad. But the cemetery has many famous people buried there and many interesting stories. Host from louisiana guest i know it. Host dane sherman. Can ms. Roberts comment on whether she was surprised or not that Democrat John bell edwards won the louisiana governorship . Does it mean something bigger for louisiana . Guest i was surprised because louisianas become such a red state, and no one had been, no democrat had been elected statewide in quite some time. And so the question is, was it just about david vitter, the republican candidate, and his problems, or was it does it signify something bigger. And the answer is we really wont know until we go through a couple of more election cycles. John bell was the candidate who won, what he did do i side from attack vitter which he did very effectively he did reach out to lower income, white people about things like medical care and say he would expand medicaid. And that he would raise the minimum wage. So whether those were issues that appealed to people and helped get him elected or not is really something we have to watch in another couple of cycles. Host and reverend sabaj in wichita, kansas. I apologize, sir. That offer for a signed book from Cokie Roberts was only for marsha who had called in earlier, so i apologize guest but if he writes to me at abc, ill send him a bookplate. Host there you go. Charlenes in montana. Hi, charlene. Caller good afternoon. I so appreciated listening to Cokie Roberts through the years guest thank you. Caller your viewpoints have always been refreshing to me whether i was feeding cows or getting ready to go [laughter] to college. Guest well, good. Caller as a nontraditional student in my 40. Guest good for you. Caller oh, yeah. My question is what do you think about donald trump digging up Ronald Reagans theme, make America Great again . And then i have a followup. Im concerned as a 62yearold single woman, im looking at the federal budget, and im seeing on the news that entitlement programs and defense are about same amount of money. And as a single, white woman who takes well, all of white women or any women really who are single and who have cared for family members, im really concerned with whats going to happen between defense and entitlements especially of women who live much longer than men. I will hang up and listen to your response. Guest well, first of all, let me talk about make America Great again. I think america is great. I think it is a great country. And i think that if you ever want to feel, if youre ever doubting that and you need to have your faith and affection for the country reinforced, all you have to do is go to a naturalization ceremony. And you see people from all over world of every possible shape and hue raising their right hand to take the oath as citizens of the United States. And talk to them about why theyre doing it. And it is i cant even say this without having goose bumps all over me. And when im at one of is ceremonies, im in tears the whole time. Theyre just so inspiring. Ill just tell you one little brief one. A woman from ethiopia, when i asked her why she was doing this, she said because america is so great, it always is there when other people need her, and i and thats why its been given so many blessings. And i wanted to be part of the blessing. It is just beautiful. So i think this notion of make it great again is really insulting. I think that it is great and that we should feel confident in our greatness and rejoice in it and not shy away from our ability to do what needs to be done for people in the world. So thats my basic reaction to that. And the other question was [laughter] host i think, i think oh. You know what . Guest i keep missing. There was more than one question. Oh, i know, entitlements and defense. So here is the deal. Unlike what most of we think is true about the federal budget, if we got rid of every single, solitary thing in the budget, everything about agriculture when you say youve been on a farm, everything about justice, shut town the Supreme Court shut down the Supreme Court, shut down the congress, turn the capitol into condos, shut down the government with the exception of defense, Social Security and medicare and interest on the debt, you would still have a deficit. And so those are the big tickets. And if your concern is that the entitlements will go away, i would not be concerned about that. And the reason i would not be concerned about that is because people who care about Social Security and medicare vote, and they vote on those issues. And it is my view that the pentagon could be rubble around our ankles, and there will still be Social Security and medicare. And you know what . We want people to vote. And you know what . We want people to vote. Theres any problem with that. I think if people have a problem with that, they should get out and vote on the issues they care about and organize around those. Right now it is true that the most powerful lobbying group in washington is the elderly. And its not about money. Im one of them, but it is about voting. And i wouldnt worry about those entitlements as long as that vote remains as strong as it is. Host what do you think about the fact that theres an editorial guest i thought it was very interesting. I hadnt realized they hadnt done that since 1920 host and Warren Harding they were protesting at the time. [laughter] guest florence was also a piece of work. But the issue of gun violence is one that i think has, you know, people very, very upset on both sides. I mean, the fact that you had Jerry Falwell jr. Yesterday saying that the students at his university should arm themselves, you know, is really something shocking to me. I have to say that, you know, my kind of reaction to that is it becomes the shootout at the o. K. Corral, you know . I dont want to be someplace where everybodys got a gun. It scares the devil out of me. So id prefer people to be yelling and screaming at each other, but not shooting at each other if somebody, you know, is angry about something or Somebody Just goes nuts. And thats, i mean, the notion that everybody in the room has a gun is really scary to me. Host back to the civil war era of our nation, capital dames,. Guest when they did all have guns. The wife of Charles Francis adams wrote right before the civil war in the congress that did secede, everyone is carrying arms. The other side puts their hands to their breasts at the least provocation. So it was a little scary. Host well, many of the women who remained in the capital city turned cold shoulders to the new first lady, choosing not to call on her at Willards Hotel before the inauguration as protocol expected. Guest well, mary lincoln, mary lincoln was a very difficult person, but she also came into a very difficult situation. As i said earlier, maryland and virginia, lincoln got, like, 2 of the vote and 3 in the other, Something Like that. So they were not welcoming. And there was an assumption that she was a coarse westerner, that she did not have the manners and the refinement, these are the words that would be, of the women who were here. That was wrong. That was entirely wrong. She had very similar upbringing and education as many of the women who were here. She had been raised in kentucky, and she was related to quite a few of them. But that was expectation. Harriet lane, who had served as first lady under president buchanan, the outgoing mistress of the white house host very popular, right . Guest very popular, wrote to a friend of that effect. They say mrs. Lincoln is very [inaudible] so she came in with a lot of prejudice against her to begin with, but then she did not maybe it easy for herself. She was [inaudible] and she would go off in fits of temper and say exactly what she thought about someone. And she was really addicted to shopping, and she would really go way beyond her budget. And the newspapers covered it all. So they, you know, would follow her from store to store as she bought 300 pairs of gloves. And so she became a very difficult person to get along host well, Cokie Roberts, what i hadnt realized was when her son had her committed, she got out, and her attorney was a woman lawyer. Guest a woman lawyer. Right, right. She Robert Lincoln did have her committed, and who can blame him . I mean, she was at this point really off the charts. But he also was embarrassed by her. And i think that he thought she was hurting his career, so that wasnt very nice. Host all right. A few minutes left with our guest, Cokie Roberts, on in depth. Maureen, plainville, kansas. Hi, maureen. Caller hi. Guest hi. Host were listening. Caller thank you. Yes. I wanted to tell cokie that i was a former director at the methodist, Southern Methodist university in dallas guest uhhuh. Caller for a decade, and your name was one of the first names that i heard when i moved to dallas, and you are such an inspiration to so many women and continue to be. And i was really excited to see you on booktv on cspan today. Guest thats very nice of you. Host maureen, you said her name was one of the first. Why . Caller pardon . One of the first people in dallas because she was working on a paper and wrote many, many things often about women, and she also spoke at many Library Functions guest right. Caller all over the city. And we had her at our friends Association Meeting several times as well. And we built a womens studies collection in the library at smu, and she visited with us there many times as well and played a role in helping us find women to get their papers and letters to put in that collection. And i wanted to thank her for that and for being an inspiration to me as well. Guest well, thank you. Caller for giving me names of many, many women to put in that collection. Guest i appreciate that. I very much enjoyed my time at smu. Its a fascinating place. And now, you know, of course, president bush has his library there, and it is terrific. The bush 43 host designed by laura bush. Guest well, she is, of course, spectacular. And the library is a very interesting place. Host yeah, she guest right. Was right in there. Host yeah. Yeah. How often do you get invited to the speak still . Guest quite often. I dont do it all the time, but quite often. Host well, marshall tweets in to you do you have advice for authors of history . Guest well, my main advice would be to go for it, because it can be frustrating, and you can come up against stone walls and try to figure out how to get around it, and sometimes you cant. Sometimes you just have to not go down that path. But the, but i my main message would be just keep at it. And there are so many more resources now. I was talking earlier about the newspapers. Harpers has all of its old issues around. And then the University Libraries and the historic societies have become far, far, far more receptive to requests from people who are not official scholars. And they are very, very helpful. Host is the library of Congress Guest the library of congress is wonderful. Host is that open to the public . Guest oh, yes. Of course it is. It belongs to us. Its our library. And the manuscript room, which is in the madison building, has some just wonderful, wonderful helpers who are very knowledgeable working there. Host and Cokie Roberts, by the way, the library of congress sponsors the National Book festival every year. Cokie roberts spoke about capital dames at that festival this past labor day weekend. If you go to booktv. Org and you type in Cokie Roberts and book, youll be able to see the book party, and youll be able to see her presentation at the National Book festival, plus in about an hour or two youll be able to see this program which will be archived on booktvs web site as well. Again, booktv. Org is our web site. Just use that search function right there in the center and type in coke key robert Cokie Roberts, book, and youll have a selection of programs to watch. Just a couple of calls left. Carol in florence, kentucky. Please go ahead, carol. Caller hello, cokie. I admire you so much. Guest thank you. Caller i would like for you to speak about Sandra Day Oconnor, our first woman Supreme Court justice. Thank you. Guest i think Sandra Day Oconnor was is a very, very important figure in our history. Being the first woman on the Supreme Court, she really did pave the way for all who have followed her, and and you know theres a new book out about her relationship with Ruth Bader Ginsburg which i think is well worth reading. But she brought a sensibility, and this is something that is so important. When a woman is the first or not only in a place, she brings not just her knowledge and her intelligence and all of that, she brings a different sensibility to the table. And its the experience of womanhood. And thats just something nobody else in the room has. And she certainly brought that to the court. I must say she also brought another very important element which is now completely absent from the court which was that of a legislator. And so she had the practical experience of actually having to carry out the dicta of the courts in a legislative body. And she brought that experience to her Decision Making as well. And i think thats sorely missing at the moment, frankly. But she was and is a highly important person. Shes been very involved in Civic Education since she left the court, and shes someone who will certainly go down in history as not just the first, but a major character. Host Cokie Roberts joined npr in 1978, joined abc in 1988, cohosted this week with Sam Donaldson from 19962002. Still writing the nationally syndicated column . Guest steve writes it mostly, truth be told. I write it when im mad about something. [laughter] host crane in folsom, louisiana, you have about 30 seconds before we have to close this up. Caller thank you very much for taking my call, cspan. Ms. Roberts, big fan os i dontf yours. What do you think about a lot of noise but not a lot of candidate coming out coming out of candidate donald trump . Your thoughts. Guest you know, i talked about it a little earlier, but i think the thing to do is wait and see what happens when people start voting. I have a good bit of faith in the american voter, and i think that if they, be they decide that if they decide that donald trump is the right nominee for the republican party, i think that you might start to see him moderate somewhat in his language. But its also possible that they will not, once the voting begins, decide that he is the right nominee for the republican party. Voting begins february 1st in the iowa caucuses. Im sure cspan will be there. So well know soon how this starts to shake itself out. Host and here are the books that Cokie Roberts has written over the years. First one, we are our mothers daughters, and thats been updated since 1998 when it first came out. From this day forward with her husband, Steve Roberts, was her second book. Founding mothers is another one. And ladies of liberty came out in 2004, i believe it was. In 2008, cokie and Steve Roberts about their interfaith marriage. And here is founding mothers a Childrens Book. And in the last couple of years, last year capital dames by Cokie Roberts about civil war women. Thanks for the last three hours. Guest so good to be with you, peter. Thank you so much. And thank you to your very kind viewers