How is everyone doing . Are you excited . This is amazing. Right . Im sure everybody here has read all of this books, i hope. Correct . So, im professional troublemaker for those that dont know me, and people that ive worked with know thats certainly true. And as a great example i said i should be introducing you and now im introducing paul. That was not planned but the truth is its a great honor and real pleasure to do. So ive known paul for quite some time, and he knows this but i like to try tome barras him. He doesnt embarrass easily enough, found, but paul is truly one of my heroes in life and has done more to influence my thinking than just about anyone on the planet, and he knows some of the people ive worked with as well. So, paul, you have just been an amazing part of my life, and thank you for everything that you have done for all of us in the green building, the environmental world. So thank you, paul. I had an opportunity when the ecology of congress came out to have some time back then with paul and, as i mentioned, really influenced my thinking from that moment forward. Theres a lot of people that can say the same. Im sure many of you here have had that same response when you have read his words, his clarity, his ability to look at the world very differently and present it back and reflect back, ideas in a way that make you think and make you challenge assumptions, which is what we need. Im just so excited about pauls new book. Not just because on page 188 im mex, chit really cool. But go back and look there page 188. But really this is the right book at the right time, and it is one of those books that you shouldnt just read. You should buy multiple copies. Im not get anything royalties, just to be clear. But you should be giving this to everybody that you can and we need more and more emphasis on fox these days, not ultimate fox but real facts, more data. We need more hope, right, and we need more solutions to problems, not just problems. And paul and this huge team of people that have contributed have brought this amazing piece of work to bear. So, with that i would like to public paul to the stage. Please give him a huge round of applause. [applause] thank you, jason. Thank you for coming out. Its a Beautiful Day and i understand its gonetomorrow but anyway, what its like to live here. And i spoke here before and i just love to speak in places where people have spoken. Its like praying in a place that people have prayed, or meditating where people have meditated. Theres something in the build next wood, the fabric of the place that is different than something new and different. The first point in time when green house gasses peak and go down on a yeartoyear basis. Thats at the definition. How to draw down started. It started in 2001 when i read the rpcc summary, third assess; assessment, and like the ones that precede i it, it was more pessimistic as the falled they get more pessimistic. The reason isnt that things hey changed. Its theres less suppression over the data because there are cob census reports buzz no such thing as scientific consensus. Science is evidentiary, not consent sense. The consent us in the saudi arains and the chinese and are russians repressing the i read it and i priced it, i look at it, we have a big problem. I thought i was odd indicated in climbed change when i was a standford research in the 7s. Not rick to understand. And not difficult to understand. Later in that year, i want show you a slide. Theres dat presented for the solution, and everybody was very excited about it. And this is what captured my attention at that time, at the first slide i want to show you before that is really where we are, and where we are is hat straight line, and so often times you hear language around Climate Change, about mitigation, about reduction, about stabilization, about net zero. You hear this language. Well, that dotted line, no human being of any shaped, matter or form, even in a primate form, has existed on the earth when the levels of co2 were above that dotted line. So, anybody who says they know whats going to happen before the dotted line is guessing and may be an accurate guess or good signs but its total speculation. We dont know. So, in 2001, even more so now, wheel people talk this is 2001 easily, just a little bit higher nowin 2017. The point being is that we are so far beyond anything that this species has ever encounters or lived within. And that peak to the left, the first peak to the left right there, thats the period that was 125,000 years ago. Ptm was 285. In ceremonies of co2. At that time the crocodile, in the delta, sea level was 20 feet to 30 feet higher in the ocean. Crocodilers and alligators in alaska and lions and giraffes in germany. A very different climate regime, and now that as 285. Were at 402. So, at that time, and especially now its really important to name the goal. You dont name the goal, youre not going to probably hit it. If you dent in the goal, dont understand the goal, the goal is drawdown. So when you use word like men wooeds used like mitigation reduction and slowing done, its like thelma and lewis in she motion. If you going over a cliff and slow down, youre going over the cliff more slowly. If youre going down the wrong road and you slow down, youre still on the wrong road. The language how we address the problem is very whats the word weakkneed in not really helpful. Somebody said to me, well, john, what an ambitious goal. Said, no, im not ambitious. You guys have really youre unambitious. You dont know its like this is not ambitious. This is about preserving civilization. This is about creating the conditions in which music, art, society, culture, knowledge, birds and blossoms, this is for us, this is this perfect period of climatic stability. Theres no stability on that line anywhere. No such thing. So what i saw, there was this the car been Mitigation Initiative from princeton in 2001, the famous global wedges. Egg it wedges would stabilize emissions by 2050. Stabilize. In other words, peak. I looked at them and these are the 15 slugs solutions that complices the eight wedges. Look at them like this. All those are great. Those solutions that only can be done by large corporations. I mean, large conservative corporations, like energy and utility and car companies. All of those. And at that time those solutions were deeply underwater financially. If the even more conservative boards of directors of the corporations said, great, let do it, they would be sued for fiduciary irresponsibility and the corporations would have lost their balance. So, in other words, huh . Thats why i started to get concerned. This is solutions . I dont get it. I dont get it. Furmer more, what can you do . Not us, you. Put us down the road. Thats it. What can cities do . Towns, villages, communities, neighborhoods, small businesses, foreigners. Grasslands, forest lands, theyre not there. The people werent there. This is things, all about things. And so i went around at that time and talks to friends at nidc and sierra club, said we should make a list, figure out what can we do . We dont know what we can do. Oh, no, no, im just like you. What can i do . What can we do . Think of how to solve this. And said, yeah, its a great idea. Carbon impact and what would happen in 30 years. Its impossible. Maybe its not. Who knew. And what were the costs . And is it a great idea . We dont have the expertise. So i dont, either, and so i kept asking others to too it, and no one did and it i forgot about it and i forgot about it until 201 when 2011 when an article came out in, and Rolling Stone and the New York Times and i had friends say, quote, its game over. Its game over. I tried, i worked hard, futile. And my response, im going okay, move to the style its like, as if that was the solution, and i thought, well, maybe its the other way around. Maybe its game on. And its that level of, frankly in this case, terror. If you google the top Ten Solutions to goal warming Global Warming or climate chiang, these are the top five dont forget to put that power strip in your entertainment center. Its like, the problem is that solutions that are proffererred are proverbs. They like, love your mother. Good idea, and dont forget the chip, and change the light bulbs and the communication around Climate Change and Global Warming, this what you can do. Okay. And its just that all was on your shoulders. I mean, the implication or if you didnt do it, then you feel guilty and you feel bad about yourself, but these are so cute. Forego fossil fuels. I tried for 24 hours. Try it. Cant eat food that was shipped in. You cant i mean, think about it. And its very difficult to do. Move closer to work. And like you can afford that. Im moving to downtown seattle. Im rich. So, this is the book. Drawdown the most comprehensive plan ever. I like that. To reverse Global Warming. Let me explain the first part of the title. The reason we can sea the most comprehensive plan proposed is that no one has ever proposed a plan. We had the high ground and we still have it. We can say the press brilliant, literate, nuanced, artistic. And be true. Because nothing to compare it with, which is sort of a astonishing when you think about it. Get back to that. And so thats the book, and this is what it looks like conceptually. And it shows that point, that Inflection Point is drawdown and thats the goal. We want to go the other way. And what is affecting our perception around this is how we get the news, and how we get the news usually in headlines, usually with a sense of threat or doom or gloom, not may not be true in this room but certainly in the greater mass of people in the United States and the world, get their news this way. And this is i love this one because as you can see, over here, you have click bait. White masses kept a mummified in sheeting and heres the bridge being taken over by a tsunami and theyre there as if they were on the level of importance, some heres where mark smith, a guy in congress who always says Climate Change is a conspiracy. This is a good un, too, which is severe consequences and the real reason that so many women have to spend so much time getting ready. So when you present information the science is actually good on the headline. Theyre accurate, and 20 things you never knew you could do with cocacola. Theyre doing the right thing at cocacola. And this one, the bottom says, the effects will be felt in 10,000 years, which is thats a gameover headline if i ever saw one and thats oregon state, very good paper, and the only thing i can say about the paper is obviously not a farmer or gardener, so drawdown. Who are we . Were not me. We had no money. I went to a foundation and we want to do this thing, they said show us i kind of need the money now. Anyway, so, i borrowed money from the Retirement Plan and give money that had been given to me to write a book and we started but we had no money to hire a really good staff, and a big staff, so we put out the call around the world to academics and students for Research Fellows and we were overwhelmed with the most amazing resumes, people im a white house fellow and a rhodes scholar. Better resumes at 26 than i have now and see astonishing people all over the world, and this is who they are, and not all of them but thats a lot of them, almost half of them, 40 , half have ph. Ds, advanced degrees can from 22 countries, Six Continents and this is drawdown. This is who did the research, and chris wright right there. Hes waving in the back. You can stand up. [applause] and i thought if were going to do this, it has to be coalition. Has to be a collaboration, has to be us talking to us. We talking to we, not a whitehaired male saying ive got a plan. Weve got one in the white house. Thats the worst thing you want is a white male with a plan. Just not going cut it. So we needed men and women with an idea and with a heart and compassion and great Scientific Minds and also got 128 advisers, these are some of them. Along with the 128 advisers we have 40 out expert signs science reviewer and we were going for map, measure, model, the top 100 solutions to reverse Global Warming. Our selfimposed mandate, we started gathering them all and going through them, winnowing them, checking, doing the math, and one by one we accumulated this list thats in the book, and some of them dropped out when we got deeper into them, and we had to add some, and came down to 80 we model and those that were coming attractions bus theres not sufficient data in terms of carbon or the emergency impact. We modeled the car been impact and the financial, what is the coast, the net operating savingses, the lifetime savings, et cetera. So we did both. And on the carbon we only used peer, reviewed science. Thats the only input. Not anecdotal science, not internet science. We used real science, and so we also did it in such a way that we always chose the more conservative numbers. And the criticism we got for what youre going to see from our advisers and our outside scientific experts was, youre too conservative. Its too low, its better, cheaper, more impact, and exactly the criticism we wanted. That would was on purpose elm went people to say its better than that. Not that you egged the pudding or fluffed it up. So we just do math. Thats what we do. And the math has been done and whats going to happen if we dont act but has not been done, the Top Solutions to Global Warming. Anthropologist has to figure out why we didnt do that. Dont know. I have no explanation, dont ask me in the q a. I dont know. I spent 16 well, up to now 16 years, but asking people and there was well good, idea. Yeah, okay. And so whatyou see here the first one is theyre ranked by 2050 and that rank is car bob impact. Only two thing toes you can do about be atmosphere with respect to Global Warming, stop putting Greenhouse Gas up there, which or sequestration, and bring it back home where it came from. So is a measurement in 2050. This is a number of giga tons, which is a billion tons, 016. 6 billion tons of co2 that is reduced, avoided or sequestered, depending on the solution. This is the net cost. In the net cost is the cost compared to what you would do if you werent going to do this. It would be combined gas, coal plant, depending on which country, and would this cost more or less. In this case it actually cost less. The last figure is over the lifetime from 2050 how much money it would cost . Make money or lose money . The case you save 1. 02 trillion, and so would this good wizzing through this. This is improved rice production, rice is a big source of methane and if you change the production methodology, costs nothing. Take the water off the paddyin the middle and let it become arrow pick again. You can space your plants farther apart, actually cost less, produce more. Reduces methane production. Theres zero cost for this solution but saves a lot of money. This is not photoshipped. This is in norfolk and its a try athlete going by the three mega watt wind temperature bans, and ill get back to wind. Coastal wet lands. This is nuclear, we got criticized by green peace, how could you include nuclear in that . And its a good question. Its a fair question. We put it in bus our mandate was to map, measure, and model the 100 Top Solutions to Global Warming. That doesnt mean were advocates of them. Doesnt mean theres not solutions in here that have spillover effects. Doesnt mean theres not solutions that we call regressed solutions. Most of them are not redressed. If theres no climb science. So many benefits in term offed peace and security and health and wellbeing and jobs, but some of them are the other way around, and this is certainly one of them. But the reason is because we have to maintain or objectivity. If we start saying, oh, i dont like the solution, leave it out, or this one is a cool one and ill leave and it my friend are doing it, the whole book and all the work would be completely suspect and thrown out. Think its the most ridiculous people ever invented to boil water. Thats all it does is boil water. This is a roof top solar what we tried to do with the imagery is to try to open up the get rid of the cliches. Its not a drone shot of atlanta, the suburbs with solar panels and shingled roofs. Its how inspiring is that . And here is an woman with her two daughters living on a try island which will sink if she doesnt replace the straw every three months and she was using kerosene every night on a straw island. Now she has a solar panel no wonder she is grinning. Its safe for her daughters to read and learn at night. So we wanted to make sure we could look at these solutions in a broader canvas and not just as inanimate objects that are sold and have renewable as an energy. This is the number ten solution. This is one of my favorites called educating girls and this is number six,way up there. You know the drill. Im sure you do. From girls rising here, and the girl effect and so much work has been done in this area, which is what happens if a girl isnt taken out of school in six sixth agreed and married off by her culture or family and she gets to choose to be a woman on her own terms instead of being proposed upon and he rate of reproduction goes from five average and higher in certain countries, and if she is allowed to go to tenth, 1st, 12th 12th grade, she then is a very different person, and the average reproduction age is below replacement rate, and she because of her education, earns more, puts more resources into her children, her sons and daughters do the same thing as she did in terms of their Family Planning, and the impact is significant. I want to get back too this because its really important. The great bear and this is for protection. Doesnt rank high because theyre there already. So not making too many primary forests but you see on the bottom, the amount of carbon co2 protected, just put in pure cash been equivalent, it would be tons, 196 billion dons of co2 so very, very important. This is a rain Forest Protection and restoration, the number five solution. This is regenerative agriculture. Again, very important, and this is managed grazing, or holistic Resource Management or rotational grazing. A lot of words for it. This is one i want to say this in terms one thing you see on the internet is people sort of making very outlandish, even on ted talks, by the way, very claims for this and other Land Use Solutions like we can reverse level of co2 back to industrial levels in ten years. The scientist say the soil people dont know what theyre talking about. Its giving them a bad name to make these outlandish claims so we can take land use and because you can only model something we couldnt model it unless theres science, and theres no science for agroforestries but for tree for so we can model those and breaking up land use into very specific categories and then measuring them very accurately as opposed to just getting, guessing, which we didnt want to do. Almost 80 of the food is made be small farms and 43 of those Small Farmers are women. And the other 20 is big ag, and big ag will sadly think if we dont support them and let them kill our butterflies and our soil well establish and yet the produce stuff for pigs and cows and are transfats and diabetes theyve dont feed us at all. This idea that somehow they feed us it simply not true. They feed us. This is where yeah. Yeah. And so in this case, whats she solution . The solution is that she gets the same seed, tools and information that men get. Thats all it is. And what happens is she produces a lot more food and impact on forests is less and nutrition gets better. So, this is a in berlin, our electric bike. I know. Its socool. Management, which is just a runoff from the fertilizers you dont need and thin one can you guess this . Household recycling. This is a thats a woman in ethiopia, and they built a bridge across from their village and put a bar there for the worker and the women cross the river every day and have the bottle caps and make these beautiful head dresses and send them to boutiques in france. Beautiful, beautiful women. This one is a transport solution. Should have more transport, bus, trains, cars, i should put more in here. This is the one transport solution we do have and this guy, he works at pricewaterhouse coopers, the form accountant for the oscars, and he is waving this guy on the ipad who has his little minisegway scooter, hes in toronto, the guy who is waving. The guy on the ipad is in prague and he can just go to toronto, log on, and then start to scoot around the office and good to call on people. He can come in here, be in the back of the room in the meet examination could come up to the microphone. A little kinky. But you know what im saying. So what we are shipping around the world is we want peoples ideas for shipping this big bag of proto plasm. We were so surprised when this came out. We didnt get them until 12 weeks ago so we prepared the book, designed the book and had it all ready, digital ready copy, except the numbers and we wanted to work on the numbers until the last second before penguin ripped it out of our clutches because theyll never be right, the numbers. Its endless, and so when we got them we were like oh, my god, so surprised and had to recheck and this and youre sure and, yes, and everything was right. And its so interesting because i had a friend at that time who i have knopp for known for years, she went to paris and said were work she avoid are you and the i said im working. Im going stay here and work, and i said, ill make a bet theres nobody in paris at the conference of the parties that knows the top Ten Solutions. In any order. Just write them down. Everybody have a piece of paper. I said no one knows. I said we dont know. I know that. Im pretty sure they dont. She called me back after we finished the numbers and said, how are you doing . And i said, great. We have the numbers. And its i said, i wont say her name because you know her name i said, she has been in climate for 30 years, written books, has been a grantee, been a grantor, she has she knows climate. Cold. And i said were to surprised at the top five solutions. Said, i dont think anybody in the world knows the top five solutions to Global Warming. Im not an you name it. We didnt know. Thats for darn sure. I dont income anybody knows. But these two guys how old are you . Yeah, i bet you both can name the top five teams in the the nba right now. Boom. Right . Come on. And this is not yeah, of course, its like here were four years into the biggest crisis civilization has ever faced and theres nobody that can name the top five solutions. I dont know what to say. What is surprising us is this. The number three solution is reducing food waste. Didnt see that coming. We can under once we saw the numbers, we could work backwards and say, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, and all adds up. It added up. Yep. Number four solution, plantrich diet. Yeah. Now, this doesnt mean vegan or vegetarian, unless you choose. To thats fine. No problem. What it means is reducing the animal intake of proteins in whichor actual through healthy which is not 80 grams a day. That is not healthy. But it also includes raising the proteins content for people who are have insufficient nourishment in the world. Didnt just reduce the west or the western countries. We actually increased caloriic content in those countries. So, what surprised us is the food sector again, we looked down, lets look at this carefully, and you would think i mean, whats the solution to Global Warming, solar, wind, and dont eat so much meat and then thats its and they have a hall pass to the 22nd century remembering thats. Thats not true. Rose are critically Important Solutions but the idea that theres just these few things we can do and were okay. And you just hear it. All the time. That mantra, and heres the top 20. Ill go back, sorry. And number nine, the wholing this, who knew that was our mantra. But we have done the mag rigorously. Its been reviewed and rereviewed and studied and its on peer review, and any one of these solutions is scaling. Every one of these solutions is cando practical, handson, ww granger, happening right now. Theyre not thing wes could do if only. All of them were doing them, all scale, and we understand them very well. Make that very clear. And food is eight of the top 20. Again, okay, energy is five. Of the top 20 ask you have solar and wind. Now, you dont have wind the wind is 22, but if you add 2 offshore wind and onshore, number two, you put them together and theyre number one, not refrigerant which you saw on the other slide. However, this is the top solution, Standalone Solutions which we were differ appointed to fine out not that its not a great solution, just that the gases and the refrigeration and ac have a Global Warming potential that is thousands of times greater than co2 stop doesnt take much for these to and this is well in place. This is one i want to look at. Heres educating girls again but look at the next one that, Family Planning, that number, 59. 62 is 119. 2 billion tops of avoided emissions in 2050. Thats the real number. We separated them because the pathway in terms of educating girls verse the Family Planning clinic for women so he has reproductive choices and they end up in the same thing. Theres no bright line between the impact. You cant say this comes from this and that. We tiedded it down the middle. The point being the Number One Solution to reversing Global Warming is empowering girls and women. [applause] again, when is the last time you heard that . And as i said recently in oakland, its not a panel. Its a woman. We need solar panels, too, but so remember this was the carbon Mitigation Initiative. This it what it looks like ing this what it really looks like. This is that solutions to Global Warming look like, something you see in nature, not something you see from an xl pie chart, and so this one is draw downpossible. This is drawdown possible, and this is every leaf and fig in the world that need oil. When you hold the handful of leaves theres 100 million of them in your hand and they are the key to drawdown. When sew stomata are open they eat co2 for breck breakfast, lunch and dinner and they have to have that to live, grow, create, put the sugar in the roots and when theyre closed obviously theyre safe, but theyre also cant be closed all the time so theyll starve. If i plant is always close it it will die. If it always open it will die. So stomata juice is something else, which is an open, close, open, close. Look out to any landscape, anyplace the world, right here is a good one. How many things that are dying in front of you . Not very many. Trees and shrubs and perennials and grasses are all living and recently there are computer models and they discover that they seem to have memory about temperature going back many days. They can detect temperature, detect humidity, hear the chorus of beareds, they can detect how much moisture is in the plant, the leaves, or the needles or the trunk, whatever it is, i think detect the moisture in their roots and the so i around them. And with the soil around them and with all the calculations, temperature, time of day, everything, they open and close and open and close. Basically what im saying here is that theyre frigging brilliant. Unbelievably brilliant. All those plants are alive. Theyre doing their thing. Can you imagine if the Republican Party ran the plant world . Boom, gone. So, this extraordinary intelligence and this is what i hope this works it does, and this is just seen as something you seen this as a mass assimilation of Carbon Emissions and the orange and the darker read and the darker red in the vermillion are really meant to symbolize concentrations of co2 in the atmosphere, and what you see her is what happens over a span of a year, and what you see in the Northern Hemispherey most people are and where its winter, in the month and day counter on the bottom, this is winter for most of humanity what most of humanity does the winter is try to keep warm and turn the heater on in the car and their home and were using a lot of power and were still working industrially and putting gasses up in the atmosphere and making things. And that goes and gets worse and worse and worse and peaks in may and you can the co2 levels peak but just in may you start to see little blue wispy things the in the Northern Hemisphere and then they become stronger and pronounced and dot that in july, august, september. Co2 is become sequestered by the trees, you see that in. By the grasses. The crops, sequestering co2 and you dont see much smaller than now. Right . Okay. The fact is that every year we draw down six to seven ppm. Drawdown happens every year, significantly. But it goes up and it goes down. The earth is breathing. Its not only possible, its happening. When we talk about we talk about shifting so we have some equilibrium. Its not ambitious. Its right in front of us. And what we learned from our research is that we can do it in 30 years. With what we know. So again on this book, the title in other words, plan. This is written by a stanford intern. A verse in the back of the book. He work at penguin, my editor sent it to me and i said, no, no, not a plan. I told you that. And i left it on my desk, not the cover but just the verse. The most comprehensive plan proposed to reverse Global Warming and i looked at and it i thought, hes right, actually, it is a plan. He saw where i was hung up is the idea that we made a plan, our staff and our fellows. We didnt make a plan. We found it. It is a plan. Its us. We know what to do. Were on the case. Were not numb skills. Were not stupid. We actually care and were thinking about our children, the future, the place, this extraordinary home we call earth, and were on it. And a one of a one of this solutions in place around the world, and this is humanitys collective wisdom at work. Didnt come from paris, didnt come from some hierarchy. It came from this sort of mysterious way the human beings have of being wise and a collective way that may not understand as an individual, and so thats this is shes our client. We had a big picture. Thats our client and this is the language, just briefly, if we are going to do this we have to change how we talk about it. If you use words like negative eking mysking mys and decarboni, and dq and et youre telling the people youre writing to they dont know anything and you do and theyre not part of the solution. Theyre the problem. You cant alienate people who dont know the lingo or the jargon. Its not necessary. If you understand something you can say it in word that everybody can understand. And so the other thing about language theres many things but the other thing about language is have to stop using the metaphors of war. Combat Climate Change. Fighting Climate Change. Stopping Climate Change. Slashing emissions. The war because that those verbs are the verbs of dualism. Thats the verb where theres something other out there than you. Its like its a not me. Im going to fight that thing. Its the enemy of lets stop it. Thats the thinking that caused the problem exactly the thinking that caused the problem. Thinking that theres an ocean we stick plastic into. Atmosphere we can put our carbon into. And sewso we cant solve it with the same mindset that created it and furthermore that mindset alien yates and divides. So you take the headlines we saw before, gloom, threat, doom, and then you take at that time rhetoric take that rhetoric, and like move closer to work and power strips and wash in cold water. And youve mix the guilt and shame in together and you have indifference, numbness, denial, i dont know what to do. Thats not a way to come together. Its not a way. We know that. So, this book tries to use different language to engage. When you saw the woman you look on the page of the woman and see the picture of the First Solar Panel in 1984 put on a rooftop in new york city. And we say 1882 is the first coalfired electrical generating plant in the country. And we wondered which would prevail, coal or solar, and its solar. Its not like read this at your oh, by the way, polar bears drowning and a big hurricane coming and glaciers are melting like crazy. Its true. But its not a way to enter into the problem of solving the problem. Its not the way in. And it alien yates people, and every second you receive 11 million pieces of information, every second, and 40 of them you process in and six or seven you do something about. Okay. So if its the constancy of the information is were screwed, youll get a population that votes for you know who. In this is a part of the model. Just part thief dashboard to give some sense of complexity. We have elves say essays from pope francis and david and his wife, ann. Throughout the book. And theyre great. And we also have coming attractions and ill close with this. These are solutions that are scientifically valid but theres not Economic Data to model them. Theyre just above the horizon, just below the horizon, but what it shows is that the 80 solution wes model are not the only tools that we have. Its not going for the next 30 years. Humanity is brilliant. Its incredible. With havent another book called 60 interactions and these are just we just people are amazing and this guy, has a cessna 337 and a glacierologist so when you fly from greenland to europe you count the melt ponds and he said in 2001 there were thousands of them, and then two years later hes flying over and said theyre more like melted lakes now, and then two years later he flew over again and it was like a really big explaining we have to the ice sheet was melting and he invented this. This is big planes made of bee cycled pet under the water. Salt water doesnt break down pet and theres pumps that are actually by the rise and fall of the water and tube goes down to bring up the cold nutrient laden waters below which are now being stopped by the heat bubbles that cause 97 of the heat from increased water is going into the ocean, not the land. 97 going there. And so the natural circulation is slowing down and stopping. So it brings up the cold nutrient water and then you have plankton, algae, kelp, the whole ecosystem come inside week. Only takes weeks they did one in hawaii and in six weeks they had a whale shark. Theyre vegetarian and they wanted the kelp. So, talking about restoring the productivity of the oceans. 99 of the marine of the oceans are marine deserts. Theres no life at all. This is running out of time. Its cool. They were 17 years because they know that fusion is where governments big dig holes in the ground and take big bulldozers full of money and bury it and scientist say its 30 years off but its coming. So the doctors was the founder and she said, 17 years. Raid 500 million, raise 265 million last month, and people who are close to technology think its going to work. They says 20 months. One more milestone to go. I follow them for 11 years as a journalist. I think they have one more milestone which is not the most rick one. Its power. Its clean. If a reactor goes down and you can restate with a honda generator. This repopulating the mammoth stepp and its below bringing holies back to the subare particular circle. We wiped them out and when theres grass there and horses and elk and muskox and reindeer, in the winter they get through the snow when its dark and everything and the temperature of the cell goes two degrees centigrade which protects the permafrost so its a permafrost protection. Its brilliant. This is building with wood and the height of building a Wood Building now is going up to co2 building argentina the bank in portland is 12 stories and these build little are more fireproof than steel and concrete buildings. I know its counterintuitive. This is the last one. I named this one. Could i be called the cow buck solution. You remember the joke, panda bear walks into a bar their this is a cow walks on to a beach, and a farmer in oregon noticed he is a dairy farms he noticedthat the cows eating seawood produced more milk and he asked a local you should talk to this scientist. Why . Whats going on . He said, well, because methane production is so inefficient and so therefore its suppressing methane production and so they did an experiment, they said, lots of seawood to a few of the cows and put plastic bags on their head and measured the emissions per cow, but for science, and it worked but they had a lot of kelp and impractical, expensive, but intrucktive. So a scientist queensland wag does the same job that got together and tried to fine something that would mimic the kell and seawood and the found something which native hawaiians use. Its delicious. And if you feed it in a two percent level into sheep or goats or cows or cattle, methane production is reduced 70 to 90 . And its so cool, and how it was discovered. So remember the marine per ma, those two are working together and raising money to grow the plant and it because the kelp suppresses carbon faster than any plant above or below. You deacidify the ocean. And you produce protein. You produce fish. Right . And so lastly, is there a Business Case . I love that question. I do get it from Business People and i say, wow, Business Case. Ill tell you in the Business Case if you tell me the busy case for poisoning Everything Else in between and Everything Else. This question itself is so interesting because it sort of implies that business is just about money. But it turns out that when we added the numbers i said 12 weeks ago we hit the total button and had to make sure we didnt doublecount, and if we institute these solutions over the next 30 years well save 78 trillion. Save. What is the cost . The cost is zero. Theres no cost at all. And i want to read you just an exempt from one of our excerpt from one of our greatest u. S. Scientists, matt damon. Spoiler alert. He did come back from mars. So, end of the movie he was the wise elder and she was in a class of nuby straussed and he said Pay Attention because this can save your life. He says when i was up there, did i think i was going to die . The said, yes, absolutely. And that is what you need to know going in, because its absolutely going to happen to you. This is space. It does not cooperate. This is atmospherement i doesnt care what we think. I doesnt cooperate, right . He didnt say that. Im saying that. At some point everything is going to go south on you. Everything, and you are going to say, this is how its all going to end. So, now, you can either accept that or you can go to work. Thats all it is. Just began and you do the math. I love that part. You do the you solve one problem and you solve another and you solve the next one and the next one and if you solve enough problems you get to go home. Accomplish thats what this is about. Lets go home. Lets not waste a minute thinking that we cant do it or that its impossible or that somebody else is going do it for us. Or that we need somebody at the white house who understands it. We would like that but we do not need it. Act to support, to enlist, to engage, to implement these and many other solutions. Remember . That pie chart that writ showed the tiny solutions. There were no names they were so tiny. Note that in order to achieve drawdown, you need those as much as you need the big ones. So this idea we should focus on the big ones, oh, yeah, for sure. There is no small solution. Is there small people . Is there lesser species . Is there a lesser star . The former attorney general of the u. K. From dominica, a force of nature, unbelievable woman. Unbelievable. Has adopted drawdown as the template to reverse Global Warming and to institute economic and ecological regeneration for all 52 nations in the commonwealth. And thats almost onethird of humanity and onefourth of land mass. She saw the book early on pdf form and said, lets go. And that is for real. And thats happening. And the research were doing from now on [applause] so i just want to say, we can do this. And so, and, you know, theres two ways to look at it, you know . Global warming is happening to you. Well, dang. [laughter] thats unfair. They did it. I wasnt involved with that. I didnt make the decision. You know . I mean, lets sue them. [laughter] you know . Theyre bad people, and im really upset about it, and im a victim, obviously, you know . The true preposition is dangerous, is what im saying. The preposition is for. Its happening for you. This is happening for us. This is a gift, in the an offer ing, this is feedback from the only to home we know, planet earth. Its begging us to transform everything we do and reimagine it to make a far kinder, more generous, compassionate, beautiful, Productive World than the one we have today. And thats what this is about. Thank you so much. [applause] [applause] all right. Good evening, everyone. My names allison, im house manager here at town hall. We have time for questions now. We have about 10 or 15 minutes, so if you can, just keep your questions brief and in the form of a question so that we can get through as many as possible. Thank you. I guess im first. Hi. Thank you for the work youre doing. Its really uplifting in a way that few Climate Change talks ive been to have been. So thank you for that. I really appreciated your focus on the use of language that doesnt polarize, and im curious seattle, were preaching to the choir. I think were onboard with this, and we all voted for not the other guy. And if you were in dallas and you wanted to excite people to the opportunity of addressing this, how would your talk be different, and what kind of, what kind of adjustment do you have for that and the kind of organizations that are addressing working with people across the aisle address this work . Thanks. Thats an interesting question. I wouldnt change it much at all, actually. The i think i might show this. Thank you so much, jason. I dont know if i should show this video or not. Maybe i will as an answer to the question. This video was, is from interface, all right . And the new ceo came in two years ago, and ive been working with him for years and years. Ray andersons company, a leader in sustainable development. They had a 20 theyear goal of zero. 20year goal of zero, mission zero. 91 in terms of fossil fuels and waste, so theyre there. And they needed a new 20year goal starting in 2020. Ray anderson passed away five years ago, and the cfo became ceo. But then they found somebody named jay gould, and jay is was, is, i guess, a republican. Hes a republican and a big supporter. And he, i heard he didnt really want to meet us. We had janine, myself were, you know, the greenies, you know . We were a little concerned about meeting him as well. And, you know, this is being filmed for i cant show this if its on cnn, thats a problem. Thats why i didnt show it. I dont know what to do about that. Show it. Can you turn it off . [laughter] no, i mean, not cnn, but cspan. The reason is because of licensing problems. Not because i dont want you to see it. Were going to take a brief intermission. Thank you very much. A brief intermission. So can you stop . Thank are you off now . No . What . [inaudible] no. I want to do it now. [laughter] its my presentation [inaudible] what . [inaudible] you cant start and stop . Okay. Then i cant answer your question the way i want to. But ill show it to you afterwards, okay, and so forth. But the point being that what we did then, and i can set it up, we just ourselves, you know, each one of us talked about what were doing. We work with government which, you know, which corporations and so forth. And it just sort of softened him in such a way and really impressed him in the sense of the breadth and the scope of what all these people were, how theyre reaching out into the world and the influence and the impact that they were having. And so lets watch that when the camera goes off. But i want you to know when you see it, he chose the music, he wrote it, he created it. And thats dallas, in that sense. He would say the same. He tweets me now saying, who is this guy at the epa . He doesnt get Climate Science and so forth. [laughter] and so forth. I mean, and so i just have a very strong faith in people that if you create the spaciousness for people, they can come into this, you know . But if youre right, you know, then youre making other people wrong. We dont say were right. In fact, we say in the book nothing in this book is right, because its about the future. And eventually the models will be available to you can do it yourself. And the methodologies, all transparent, all open. Its like us, again, talking to us saying what do we know . Well, this is the best shot so far, best ever proposed because, you know, its the first one. [laughter] and i hope somebody beats us and does it better. But this is what we need, you know, in dallas just as much as here. Yes. Im sorry, youre next. Thank you. These solutions are all technological, scientific, quantifiable. But we can also imagine a pie chart of qualitative reduction of sexism, reduction of increase in social justice, reduction of belief that the worlds going to end soon, reduction of live for today, dont care about the future. Yeah. How do we fold those in with the measurable, quantifiable, Technological Solutions . Its a really, i mean, its a really good question. Like, people ask this also, you know, why isnt Carbon Pricing or cap and trade a solution . Its a policy. It actually enables every solution and accelerates every solution. One of the most Interesting Solutions out there is peace. No, seriously. I mean, what it takes to support the standing military, whether standing or in action around the world, is staggering. And the impact is staggering. And you go all the way out and measure, too, the trauma and the Health Impacts and the longterm impacts of, you know, lead from bullets. I mean, it goes on and on and on and on, and we couldnt measure it, you know . There are things here that are behavior. Plantrich diet is behavior. Actually, food reducing food rates is both behavior and coal change in technologies. Thats both together. Educating growth, thats behavior. Now, in this case its behavior that we think is natural and as being, in a sense, suppressed or not being allowed, people to the behave the way they would otherwise and so forth. So there are Behavioral Solutions in here. But, yes, we wanted to produce something that was measurably accurate. And if we couldnt measure it, it doesnt mean its not important. It doesnt mean its not germane. I mean, the most important thing we can change is actually our thinking. Thats the Number One Solution, is our minds. Because, you know, like byron katie says byron decadety says, your thoughts, its a dangerous neighborhood. Dont go there alone, you know . [laughter] the way we see the world is what we think, you know . And then we project that out into the world itself. And thats what sexism i mean, those things youre talking about, those qualities or lack of qualities really come from our minds, you know . And so each of us as an individual has a responsibility to attend to our minds, you know . In whatever practice or way whether its prayer, meditation or just a song, you know . Theres so many ways to do that. But anyway, thank you so much for that point. Thank you. Yes, sir. Thank you, mr. Hawken. I really look forward to reading your book, and i foresee one problem with it already; its a book. And our active president will never read it. [laughter] would you mind if i take four or five pages a week and reduce it to something he can digest . I was wondering if you [laughter] you can do whatever you want. If i dont know, the publisher doesnt know about it, because it is copyrighted. You can do it, and that thing about government agencies, better to ask for forgiveness than permission ill have your book in the background whatever, yeah. But i do want to say this books dont sell. They do sell but, you know, a lot of people approach this, okay . This is the third day the book is out, right . Last night was the second emergency printing, 10,000 copies. [applause] theres 40,000 copies in print, and penguins going, what the i mean, this is the second emergency printing. They are like, oh, my gosh, and they had to print it quickly, because theyre running out of books. So i think the reason for that though, and i agree with you, its a book, you know . With all the limitations therein. But i think whats happening, and im not sure, because how would i know . I think people are buying it, looking at it and then buying a bunch of them and giving them to other people. And i dont know all of you, how often do you buy a book and give it to others . Im a reader, i love books. I often tell people did you read this, did you read this . Its a wonderful book. Every so often i read a book like the invention of nature, and i go, oh, man. I buy it and give it to all my friends. You should really read this, and im going to the make you guilty if you dont. [laughter] so i think thats whats happening with this book. And so people are so relieved that theres something they can engage in with respect to the climate and Global Warming that doesnt bum somebody out, you know, that opens up their heart and their idea and their imagination. But i dont know. Thats just a theory. Anyway yeah, thank you. We have time left for just these last two questions. Okay. Thank you for being here. I dont need a mic. Ive got a pretty loud voice, can you all hear me back there . [inaudible conversations] what . Oh, use the mic . Testing, hello . Does it work i dont know your voice, i cant tell. [laughter] but my names audrey turner, i went to its working cascade ya college, and we have some students down here, and i had to read your book along with a fellow student, chelsea. And it was really quite interesting. Theres something i keep seeing about communication which i feel is key to this whole issue. I keep seeing we need to get to 350, 330, we need to bring it down to 280, preindustrial age. What makes the 280 or the 350 the key point . Does it deal with, like, feedback loops . Or is it just a pipe dream . Yeah. No, those numbers are the high numbers of the holocene. So the holocene period is the last 10,000 years. Right. Its interesting, im going to circle into that. Often times i used to go when i went to an audience, the first question i would ask is how many people here dont believe in Global Warming and Climate Science. And nobody would raise their hand. Id say, its okay. Feel free, dont worry, you know . Nobody would raise a hand. And then i said, its a trick question. Everybody should have raised their hand. Because its not about belief. Right. Okay. And the people, and thats a karl rove question that was planted by the republicans to make people who understood the science, they were concerned about it, to look like true believers. And the republicans look like sane, objective, you know, judicious people. Were not believers, we are, you know . And so the believers, though, are those people. Because what they believe is that the climatic, relative climatic stability that produced civilization as we know it, the holocene period, the last 10,000 years, is going to continue to persist for centuries ahead. Theres not one shred of data to support that belief. So theyre the true believers, not us. And were the skeptics. And is were skeptical that theres anything that supports those views. And so thats the 280. Thats, as you saw in that first chart, 285 was the high in the last 125,000 years. And it came back up there starting in the 1800s, you know . And then went past it in the 20th century and etc. So i think what jim haas and others are saying when they talk 350, 280, i mean, theyre saying the absolute maximum, you know, that might be tolerable and not completely throw everything akilter. But thats science. As i said, theres no real science to support that contention millions you get back under the unless you get back under the we do know once you have drawdown, theres a 20year lag before you get cooling. Its got momentum and so forth. So even if we do achieve drawdown, its not until 2065 or 70 where we actually start to get cooling. So were in for a really interesting ride. Yeah, thank you. And theres one more question. Thank you. Thank you. My name is kathy, and ive been working in climate for a long time, and i want to echo just how wonderful it is to have a resource that is so solutionfocused, because it has its a tough field to be in, and so many people have, i think, disengaged because of both the sense of lack of hope and solutions. Im curious along those lines if youve thought about ways highlighting all these solutions, are there mechanisms for the average person to somehow beyond individual things like i can affect my diet, i can make it more plantbased, but its a little hard as someone live anything seattle to affect the marine culture. Are there mechanisms for individuals that have some capacity to do, to financially contribute, or are there ways that you can highlight those on your web site so that there are ways that people can help create these, you know thats a great question, yeah. The web site is a work in progress. Its up there, the solutions up there, the numbers are there, the rankings there, and then the notes are up now. Theres about 2,000 notes and about 2,000 references that go into the content. About 5,000 references for the content. And theyre going up. Then what goes up is the methodologies. Well, how did they figure that one out, you know . What was their, what was the methodology in terms of inputs . So thats going to go up. And then theres two things called educate and activate. And educate, i want to know more about this. And then were going to point to ngos, institutions or literature or web sites that will, or movies or documentaries, whatever it is that will help a person learn more about that solution. Activate is you want to do something about it . Here are the people, organizations, institutions, companies in some cases that are active in this area. And so exactly that people can go there and determine what it is that they wanted to want o do. The most important thing, i think, is for people to look at it and see where they resonate. Resonate. And like, oh, this really, you know, i really makes sense the me, or my heart starts going pitter patter, whatever. And then that oohs an area where thats an area where they can be effective, you know . So it fends on each person it depends on each person. Everybody says, whats the call to action . People say, what should i do . I have no idea what you should do. [laughter] and if i answer that question, you should run, you know . [laughter] thats a wizard of oz question. Its you figure out what you should do. You know that. I dont know that. And what i can do is provide the information, the basis that will help expand the sense of possibility and choices for you, you know . If you want it. And if you dont, thats fine to too. I say in the book another thing is we are all innocent, all innocent, and then when we know something, then we make a choice. Thats all there is to it. And we just cant see each other any other way, you know . Because it takes away from who we are when we see somebody in a way thats lesser than that. And we do that to ourselves, its not fun. This is a short life, lets stay here. Lets have fun. Were granted the most Incredible Opportunity that any generation, set of generations has ever had, you know . And its all about reimagination. I want to thank you. Dont go away because when the cameras going turn off [laughter] dont stand up and go and say, cspan, thank you so much. And [laughter] and thank you. [applause] sunday night on after words someone like steve jobs can come and sell this product and kind of forever be associated with it when thats just a shade of the story. I mean, he was certainly handson, he had a lot to do wit. But the truth is, is like even the iphone, insofar as it was developedded at apple, never would have happened without scores of people working around the clock. Senior editor brian merchant on the creation and development of the iphone in his book, the one device. Hes interviewed by New York Times reporter steve lore. Part of this story is that the iphone was born as, like, this software interaction paradigm born behind steve jobs back, you know . This crew of guys could the ornery team, like i document in the book, started basically experimenting. It was freewheeling research. It was fun. It was, like, wild kind of stuff. They had this crazy projector rig that they were using to hack different products together and create what would become, you know, the iphone. Watch after words sunday night at nine eastern on cspan2s booktv. Jim jones is always a megalo maniac. He always believed at least to some extent that its been preordained that he would be great. He always lies. He is really unthinking and cruel to his wife. Hes selfish. As hes accomplishing these great things as he gets more attention, he is also getting less criticism from those around him. When he does odd things, when he maybe overdoses on the amphetamines he says he has to the take because he needs to be a20 awake 20 out of 4 hours a day to get so many things done, it makes it easy to say, well, thats jim. He performs faith healings that are fake as day gets long, and if you read this book, i think one of the interesting sections you might find is how these faith healers actually do produce these cancers that they take from peoples bodies. Hint chicken parts. [laughter] he sexually abused many of his followers. Havent we all seen then and today examples of men in power who abuse that with women . Its disgusting and its cyclical. As he began more and more to become famous, to achieve what he wanted, he began less and less to worry about what impression he might be giving in private for the way that hes acting. Members of the church who disobey him can suffer terrible beatings in front of everybody else. He has sex with the wife of one of his closest followers. They have a child. Theres a whole lawsuit, theres all kinds of legal battles going on over custody of the child. So what . Hes jim jones, he gets what he wants. It was inevitable with all the bad things he was doing. And please understand just because of all the great accomplishments, that doesnt in any way negate the horrible things hes doing. At some point the medias going to catch up with him. And when they do, jones does two things. First of all, he starts claiming, hang on, this is a phrase that was used back then. Im sure no one here is familiar with it. Fake news. [laughter] theyre making it up. They cant prove it. And as they started to prove it, he would continue saying they havent proved it at all. Until, finally, the heat got too bad, and there was a foreign Farm Settlement in guyana that peoples temple had started, and jones was going to escape there. It was going to happen. Demagogues in any form, even if theyre promising their followers were going to make this a better world, at some point lead them to doom. And one last point id like to make quickly, if you dont mind sure. Were talking about why people would follow him. Well, okay, we know all these great things that are happening. But theres all the, well call, eccentricities of jim jones. How do you forgive that . One of the members of peoples temple, in fact, one of the few remaining survivors of that terrible day, november 18, 1978, told me this story. Its like the frog in a pot of water. If you drop a frog in a pot of boiling water, its going to hop out right away with. But if you sit the frog in a pot of lukewarm water and turn up the heat little by little, it will almost allow itself to boio be boiled to death. Please dont think when you read about crazy jim jones at the end that he was always exactly that way. It was incremental. It happened over a number of years. And, again, the difference, too, between him and other demagogues and followers, demagogues gape their following by gain their following by creating enemies out there. If im the only one, they will all say, who can fix the problems today. Theres all these people lets take this side of the room. No offense. [laughter] these are the people who already have everything. They want what youve got. If you dont follow me, theyre going to get everything you own. Theyre going to take it away. They create that tension. The members of peoples temple did not join because they thought they were going to get something. They gave up everything they owned joyfully. The idea being they were going to set an example of a group where everybody is the same, everyone is treated alike. And that example will be so wonderful that the rest of the world will see it and adopt it, well finally have a world where race doesnt matter, where money doesnt matter. So they were getting into this because they thought, ultimately, for all the crap jim jones is doing on the side, hes still the one whos going to lead us to this great moment. They did it out of generosity and not selfishness. You can watch this and other programs online at booktv. Org. Good morning. How is everybody doing . Im danny winborn, and i am a planning commissioner in the city of gaithersburg as well ass a member of the book festival committee. This is our eighth annual book festival, and we are so happy to have everyone here. Gaithersburg is a wonderful city that proudly supports the arts and humanities