Writer, so the times i will have to speak in hawaiian, it is sick. We will talk about the hawaiian language. The first thing i need to do is make some disclaimer of utility, captiveility, because paradise is intended to explain the essentials of how the United States, how we got our hands on the place. I have never gotten such good reviews, the reviews i got from wall street journal all the way up to honolulu magazine were extraordinary, really wonderful reviews, which did not prepare me for the anger i saw in the native independence blogs. They hated it and hated me just hated me, just another hally trying to make another bunch of money off of our history. Apparently they think that people write history for money, which tells you something about their understanding of the publishing business. [laughter] james there was on one of these hawaiian history and culture blogs a native scholar who said yeah, he is white, he should not have written it. But i was curious, so i read it. It is not bad. Dont you think it would help us i mean, here is a mainstream american publisher and a somewhat wellknown writer, who agrees with us. Dont you think we should use it . Well, she was shouted into silence in 20 minutes. That people like me arent supposed to poke their nose into their business. Now the first thing i need to , say in their defense is that this is not anything like Political Correctness run amok, because it is not. Actually there is combat over , who gets to talk about the narrative is not new at all. In fact, the very first nativelanguage history of hawaii, which was written by the [laughter] i practiced. In fact, when i made this research trip, i will tell you a bit about that oh, a lot of their Research Facilities are privately owned, and if they dont like you, they dont have to help you. But even memorized the name of that famous fish, the longest name in the world. Humuhumunukunukuhuapuaa. It impressed nobody. [laughter] when publish his version of hawaii reaction was , furious. Our story is sacred, this can only come from the priests. You are just telling it to everybody. The country people and Common People dont have a right to know our story. There is a little some of that i think still today. It is an active war zone. Lets put it that way. I come from doing Texas History for about 40 years, and of the degree to which Political Correctness has seized Texas History, and people who were heroes for 120 years are suddenly these land grabbing inalists, in a white hawaii it is eight times worse because we took the country. I understand it. Before i went over there, i was having lunch with a history professor friend of mine ostensibly on the topic of whether i wanted to come back to his university and finished my phd in history. And he asked me, how are you doing with the hawaii book . And i said i am not doing , anything to change my opinion, but the overthrow was a nasty piece of work. There is no defending it. It was awful. But i am becoming really troubled by the amount of oppression and violence against the Common People by their own chiefs and kings before we ever showed up. I gave them some examples, and he said, yes, that is very true. But of course if you write your , book that way, and you dont, his words, position the natives as victims of american racism, that will not help you get back into grad school. [laughter] james i marinated in this, then i said, that must mean what they say with academic freedom. [laughter] james so i had the opportunity to go to research, and i discovered very quickly the local phenomenon known as stink eye. [laughter] james this is the look you get from natives who find out that you are researching their history or nosing into their culture. There was one lady, a docent at kilauea. My Research Assistant let it drop i was writing a book, and she gave me that look. She said, of course you realize you are not the person who should write it. But if you insist on it, the first thing you should do is submit yourself to the kupuna, the elders, and if they approve of you, go to the bishop is he him, because they are the ones that know the story the best. And i thought, well, i won this award twice and this award twice i dont submit myself to , anybody, but thank you. The next day we had lunch with a professor who said in hawaii, to be an anthropologist and be fired from the Bishop Museum is a badge of honor. [laughter] james active war zone. , if there ishought a native research, and there are increasingly more and more resources coming to the surface that need to be explored, and when somebody produces that book, i will be first in line to buy it but i have had 120 years. My whole take in captive paradise was to explain to them mainland audience how these are not, how did we get our hands on the place. So tonight we are going to look i cant really call her liliuokalani. She was not named to that. She grew up as lydia. In a larger sense, we will talk shapedow her culture her, and our understanding of her in the country. Now, i know that in a biography series, we need to spend more time on the biography, but we have no hope of understanding liliuokalani without going into the culture, so we have to do some contexting here, or we are not prepared. So i have brought a powerpoint. This is longer than the powerpoint i did before, and i will have less than a minute on each of these slides. So dr. Carly, where are you . Ok. When i start getting to 10 minutes, you need to give me a sign, because i have been accused many times, i will keep you here till next tuesday. It is entirely true. Modern hawaii began with a male began with kamehameha i. He was a young alii. Chieftainpart of the cast. They were the precontact population about 400,000, and about 400 chiefs. He was one. And when captain cook stopped on the west coast of the big island in the day, the king, young in the bay, the king, young kamehameha was with him. He was looking at everyone trading, all the interesting things they have, he was checking out the cannons. Understand, there was no iron in hawaii. A nail was worth a big pay. A big pig. He thought, if i had these weapons, i could conquer the whole place. His name means the loneliness of the god. And he was off there by himself thinking how he might do this. He asked the kahuna, the priest, how do i do this . They said, build a great temple to the war god. He built the temple, which is 100 feet wide, 225 feet long. Up to 20 feet high. The lava blocks were passed by hand from the valley 14 miles away. It was a place where human sacrifices were performed. I hear gasps. A lot of us are unaware human sacrifice is a part of the kapu religion, but it was. When captain cook got there in 1779, it was at the end of the matihiki season. They fight, they war, then they have four months of celebration. That is matihiki. A lot of the polynesians thought he was the storm god. At the end of makihiki, they had a ceremony. The end of it was when the priest first eight the eyeball ate the eyeball of a tuna. When that was done, he ate the eyeball of a fresh human sacrifice. That is what life was back in those days. He built this huge temple to the war god, who is depicted here. The hawaiian language is a dialect of polynesian. So what is t in tahiti is k in hawaii. These would be taking tiki in tahiti. Except it is kiki. That is to of the images. That is what they were worshiping. It took him 30 years to conquer the place. He was kind of a middling successful warrior, lots of mayhem, lots of butchery, tens of thousands of people died. Some escaped, including this fellow. [speaking hawaiian] when he got to new england, they could not pronounce his name, so they called him henry. [laughter] james he had seen his family butchered by the kamehameha soldiers. He jumped into the water, swam onto an american ship. He went all over the world, settled in connecticut, went to yell, to yale, went to seminary and was imbued with the spirit of mission. We did not send missionaries to hawaii. It took him years of yelling at them, if you people believe that jesus stuff, you would send missionaries to my country and end this horror. Seven years, and they said ok. They opened a mission school. And he started translating the bible. Said, do you really know english that well . And he said, why do we need english he went from hebrew to hawaiian. He said there are chromatic and structural similarities that made hebrew grammatical and structural similarities that made hebrew easy for him. He got sick and died. He never got to go back. Everyone was sorry, so we put together a mission, it got there in 1820. While he was over here studying and translating the bible by the way, when i was at the Hawaii Historical Society in honolulu, i found his workbook where he actually started creating a hawaiienglish dictionary. It was quite moving. While he is over here, the man died kamehameha died. , and his queen, the favorite of his 19 wives, she was not the greatest. She was the favorite recreational wife, very smart, very forceful. Well, she got tired of her religion for two reasons. She could see it did not work, because all the prohibitions of kapu were not working. Women would be thrown off the cliff for eating a banana. So there is one punishment under kapu, that is death. She could see all the western sailors coming and breaking the kapu left and right, the volcano would not blow up. So if it is not working, why are we keeping this religion . Also, after he died, she would have gone to the back of the room. She had no intention of going to the back of the room. She ended kapu. She had temples burned, idols pulled down. And there was a spiritual vacuum in hawaii that by the time we ist missionaries, and this the first contingent everybody in america thinks we sent missionaries, they destroyed the local religion. They sailed into the vacuum. The hawaiians are a spiritual people, and they took very readily to christianity. In fact there are stories i can , tell you, but there is no time, and it is too polite an audience. When they discovered what a wide open place the South Pacific was, they were aghast. But the hawaiians took to it. In fact this church was built on , a spring that belonged to a high chief jutess. Ieftess. Ch it was composed of 14,000 coral cut byks of , hand at the bottom of honolulu harbor. Kind of like the medieval peasants in europe that built the cathedrals. They were kind of used to this anyway. This period of transition between human sacrifice, women getting thrown over the cliff for eating a banana to american , congregationalist boston ways of doing things. That is what lydia was born into. These are her grandparents. Birth parents. Of the others, they actually had a bunch of children. The story is that the americans got there and gave diseases to these people and they lost their fertility. Actually in the traditional Hawaiian Culture, the best thing you could do was marry your sister. They have been doing this for centuries. Which might have some thing to do with fertility. She was not raised by them. Among the hawaiians, you had a baby, they gave it to a relative and you raised it. , it is called adoption. She grew up at her adoptive parents. They were very highborn. She loved this house. She always wrote a very fondly of this house. She became the hanai sister of one of the last two kamehameha direct descendents. She and bernice were very close. We will talk later about how they married about the same time, different people. But she is the founder of the Bishop Museum that funded the kamehameha schools. And all this. One of lydias i should explain. Her name, she was born i know i wrote this down this is what you get for giving me wind wine at your dinner. [laughter] james she was baptized as lydia, but in those days the high office in the kingdom, a combination of Prime Minister and coruler was the halfsister , of the king. I have to find the name. Appeared e child. Hild, [speaking hawaiian] my hawaiian is too clumsy. She had an eye infection that was very painful. So she named the baby, painful, tearful sore eyes. By god, everyone is going to suffer. [laughter] here it is. [speaking hawaiian] [laughter] she was baptized as lydia. [laughter] right. Now this guy is one of my , heroes. Forgive me if i start bawling. Halfbrother, kamehameha the third, was the last surviving son of the conqueror. He was born under immense privilege. He had life and death power over everybody, but he was torn between two worlds. He tried to commit suicide when the missionaries prevented him from marrying his sister. To the native people, it would have been a brilliant match because their mother was the product of a half sister marriage, and the granddaughter of the full marriage, and if and her had a child, it would be next to the gods. They would not let her be out in the sunlight. She had to stay in the shade because she was so holy. Well, the missionary was horrified and he tried to kill himself. High settled for the chieftess of maui. And then he became a dedicated christian. His mother became an even more dedicated christian. And they dragged him kicking and screaming into the church. But by the time he was broken, he gave his people a declaration of human rights, a constitution, he gave them a legislature, and surrendered half of his own land so that the Common People could own land. He was a great, great king. Very close to liliuokalani. He was aware of the lack of heirs. In fact, they had too little baby boys but they both died in infancy. And here was a lesson for young lydia. He executed her grandfather for murder, which was unthinkable for a high chief. Her grandfather wanted to get a a divorce, and the missionaries would not let him get a divorce until he was single again, so he said, fine. And so he killed her. [laughter] well, he found out he signed the death warrant. There was a stark lesson in the new morality for young lidia and her siblings. Including her older brother who became king. So he also realized, we are not having kids and the throne has to go somewhere, so he enlarged the circle of succession. She and her family were not born into the kamehameha royalty. They were distended descendents of kamehamehas first cousin. He accepted them into the group of people eligible for the throne. He founded the royal school to educate them in ways that the western world would expect of royalty. It began as the chief children school. This is a later picture. Do you see that crowd on the balcony . The attic was what they called the boston parlor. The missionaries contributed their very best furniture silver furniture, silver, dishes so that they could learn polite society. And we will discover later and what good stead that put them. At the mission museum, i looked at some of the workbooks of the students at the royal school. And one of the things they did to learn english there is an , exercise on english words ending in tion. This is all written out. Sir, i perused your oration with much deliberation and with no little consternation and after at the great infatuation of your week imagination to show veneration on such slight foundation, but after examination and serious contemplation i suppose your admiration was the fruit of recreation. [laughter] it went on and on. It was hysterical. But another exercise that just floored me was that the students also learned and copied the louisiana bell. He had a what on earth they thought the hawaiian elite children whatever have to do with the louisiana bill, and bell. And they also learned black jupiter. It must have come from the common assumption that the polynesians were african. They discovered to their cost , and it has a lot to do with how they came to regard the United States. That is the only explanation i could come up with. Here we have lydia at the royal school. She was immensely bright. She had three brothers. Her two older brothers were there. One died, and the other begin king. She was especially gifted in poetry. You have to understand hawaiian poetry. Violetst roses are red, are blue. The Hawaiian Culture produced an extraordinarily high chant. Preserved their culture. Their old story was conveyed in chant. She mastered this. One thing about their language that makes it so difficult is that every word has about three meetings three meanings. There is the exact meaning and there is the hidden meaning. In public speaking i would be saying what i am saying, but then i would also be using classical allusions that only the hawaiians would get. Somewhere down the line there is a somewhat irreverent sexual raspberry, because they are polynesians and make sex jokes out of everything. [laughter] lidia masters this. By the way, it was the missionaries that gave them a written language. They went from virtually a stone age society, the missionaries made everything compact. Within 10 years they had a Literacy Rate among the highest in the world. They had native language newspapers, they had nativelanguage publications. It was amazing. These people were very bright and ready for learning. And lydia mastered this. She had an extra very musical extraordinary musical talent. She became a near concert quality pianist. She composed between 150160 songs in her lifetime, one of which you heard during the intro. I have heard for many years in preparing this lecture, a modern website saying, poor lydia after , she is toppled from the throne and so wistful about what she is lost, she writes this song the. Ell to no. Actually she wrote this song in 1878 in a horseback riding expedition. If you have not been to hawaii, there are tradewinds that blow. The northeast side of the island is jungle. The mountains squeeze out all the rain. The western slope is like mediterranean. It looks kind of like arizona on a good day. She was on this trip and she saw one of their companions he gave a very affectionate farewell, probably to her younger sister. And she began humming this popular tune called the lone rock by the sea. Composed this song about this parting between two lovers. She was an amazing student. She was also unlike her , brothers, sincere in her profession of christian faith. She was actually a very persuaded churchgoer. When she got bigger, she played the organ. She led the choir. Which, the king thought was maybe beneath the dignity of a royal princes. But even at school she was constantly exposed to these reminders of the old days. And the headmaster, amos cook, was constantly in a dither of what to do with the 16 royal progeny. You have to remember he was a , chief from birth. They were powerful even as toddlers. When alexander showed up, he was three years old. He shows up at school with 30 servants. [laughter] hiss one guy to carry umbrella, another to carry his spit box. They spent spit constantly. If you are higher up, you had somebody to carry spit in. Cook said, this cannot do. I cannot educate these students with 30 servants each. And he insisted, and the king granted him the right, for absolute control over their kids. Meanwhile, his wife julia cook was drying their tears. The young ones were weeping and screaming from homesickness. And there again, the polynesian culture in these kids she was kept busy trying to keep them apart. Right . In fact princess abigail became , pregnant at 14 by who became kamehameha the fifth, who was 12. He was given a beating. She was forced to marry her mothers gardener and exiled and told to behave herself. So when we read that they were no more kamehameha descendents. That is not true. Because abigails child had progeny. And there are direct descendents of kamehameha on kouachi today. Out y were rolled ruled out for being illegitimate. So they were never considered royal. She made things even worse she showed up monday for a party and a musical concert and she saw the older brother, prince moses, and thought wow, he is , kind of cute. The queen initiated an affair with her husbands nephew, which caused all kinds of ruckus. Now, it is common in contemporary scholarship to really disparage the royal school. These american missionaries get there, and they break up the traditional culture, they ruined this paradoxical life of theirs. And it was all these americans. That is not quite true, because the vice principal, this guy had been raised as a babysitter to kamehameha the second. And he was so persuaded of the values of western life and education that at one point, i guess it was lydias oldest and brother, her grandmother held the kid back from school. She said, i am told you have the kids watering plants and calling it exercise. That is beneath our dignity. Well they had a big fight. And papa ii pulled his kid. He would have been killed on the spot for doing that. She complained to the Prime Minister. There you are. Things are changing and that is the way it is. After a couple of aborted a conquests of hawaii by the british and french, kamehameha the third decided to send a delegation around the world to win recognition for hawaiian independence. And here is the foreign minister. He had several different posts. And the foreigners that had omissions in honolulu began calling him the minister of everything. Here we have on the left, alexander, who became meme the fourth. His other nephew, the guy that got with princess abigail, became kamehameha the fifth. They were welcomed into the Imperial Court of france. They were vetted by Queen Victoria and prince albert. They came to america and were thrown off the train for being black. Do we wonder why, in their nine years of peace as king, their foreignpolicy took a decidedly anglocentric turn . They kind of saw through our sham of equality and all this. I look at alexanders diary. He kept a diary all across america. I found the page after this conductor tried to throw them off the train. His handwriting changed it became slashes. He was so mad at this fool and these americans need to question themselves about freedom talk when they treat people like dogs. By the way there is an , interesting memoir, a very keen social observer. That is just a little thing for you. Alexander grew up. He became kamehameha the fourth. Now, lydia had been mentioned as his possible wife. She was the highest born unmarried woman in the kingdom. Obviously she should have been queen consort at the time. Well he wasnt that keen on her. , he fell deeply in love with a high chieftess of the big island. And there is a bit of racism involved because she was one quarter english. She was the granddaughter of one of kamehamehas captive english i should explain. No, that would be taken entirely wrong. I wont explain. [laughter] lydia got over it. Political clean correctness and thing something about a Famous Museum i dont want to deal with that. She got over it. Lydia became queen emmas lady in waiting. And in that court she sort of performed a function sort of like the minor royal in a court today. She was sort of Princess Alexandra or duchess of kent. She had lots to do, but not really a lot of the spotlight. Sister bernice married an american banker. That was one of the good marriages. There is a chapter in my book called useful marriages, because at this time the sugar industry is beginning there were all kinds of American Businessman coming to hawaii and finding available chieftesses that had available land. They were willing to marry them because they had buckets of money. And anyway, bernise married bishop and they were very happy. Named johned a man of schenectady, new york. It is the first introduction lydia wrote a famous memoir called hawaiis story by hawaiis queen. You have to queen. And you have to read this with caution because she soft peddled a bunch of stuff. In Hawaiian Culture it is extremely rude to dispute somebody. You do not criticize somebody, you just praise something else. Once she marries, she writes i , had hopes, but he wanted to socialize elsewhere. Actually it was the marriage from hell. He was the son of a widow of a ship owner who built a mansion called Washington Place. Years itus, for many was hawaiis governors mansion. He married lydia, dumped her on his motherinlaw, who was one of the most errant racists. So he left his wife and mother in law to live together and scratch each others eyeballs out while he went out dating other women. By the way, in the spirit of aloha you can turn that back like a mirror on somebody, she adopted his bastard. Which was really very embarrassing. I hope that was not a 10 minute thing. Speed it along . Ok. [laughter] well, she raised funds for the queens hospital. She helped bernise established a society for the benefit of the sick and elderly. She composed a new National Anthem for kamehameha the fifth after he became king. There he is. He was called the last of the great chiefs. He used his power responsibly. By the way, the next king is very interesting. He was brilliant. He had excellent liberal sensibilities. He had been betrothed by birth. Two victoria. And he was as highborn as they were. When he was born, he knew how he how high he was. Meaning high, higher, disappears. The brothers knew that if he and victoria had children, they prevented her from marrying them. He began courting lydia, and the brothers broke that up to make sure that he ended up as a lonely alcoholic bachelor. And he did. Having died without heirs, there is an election for a monarch. Because he has died and there are no errors. Heirs. The legitimate claimant was queen emma, the wife of kamehameha the fourth. She was immensely popular. People adored her. She had the bloodline. She was the greatgranddaughter of the conquerors brother, the good chief. So she was hugely popular. But had been in the legislature and knew about american politics. Making promises to people that he could not keep. So he won the election and became king. And there he is. His family nickname was taffy for his love of suites. Love of sweets. His brother became the crown prince. This is this gets interesting. April 18, 1877. Crown princess because the brother died. That is which was finally given her established name. Among her duties as Crown Princess of hawaii, she visited the leper colony and was so moved that she decorated Father Damien and she convinced a landlord to give them land for branch hospitals. He traveled entirely around the world. Welcomed into the Imperial Court of china and japan, austria, germany, france, england. He was the guest of the first guest of honor at the first state dinner at the white house. While he was gone, lydia becomes regent. She is mindful of her people. There is an outbreak of smallpox and she closes the port. That outraged the American Business community, because they are importing. And they marked her from that moment. She was also a hostess. Here we have a luau. In the back row is robert louis stevenson, the novelist. And there is his mother. You see what kind of a spread they put out. This was not in the palace. This was the boathouse. As Crown Princess, she earned a name with the American Business community. This is one of my favorite pictures. Lydia who is standing by the way that diamond butterfly is on display in the palace today. The british had long been friends of the hawaiian monarchy. And this is where that value of the boston parlor that is so criticized came i. A reception. She did not speak english. No one could sit down. When louis got there, a german grand duchess after, why does your majesty not sit . So we can sit . Liliuo would have known in an instant. And by the way, every crowned head in europe was a Queen Victorias jubilee. The guys in the silver breast plates and the gold home its with the plumes they escorted two carriages. And onethe torillas, was theirs. They thanks her profusely. And oneas victorias, was theirs. They thanked her profusely. She said, it is the least i can do when you have come so far. The imperial crown prince of pesce, who grew up to become and theylhelm ii, refuse to be seated with them because they were black. Queen victoria was not amused. She was not amused. She found the prince of wales, pulled him up from what he was doing and found his second oldest son and had them attend the hawaiian ladies. Queen victoria, she did not get enough credit. By the way, that dress as you can imagine every clean in europe was there. Every clean in europe was there. Uo said i had not seen such jewels in my life. But the dress is trimmed in peacock feathers, which are just as pretty. When jody and i were visiting thepalace, they show display case where there is a , more kennedy pillbox hat like what you would see being warned by the empress of prussia, but all in peacock washers, and she said this the hat that she wore to victorias jubilee. Would you like to see the dress . I said i have got a picture of it right here in my computer. Are gone, disaster strikes. The American Community getting angrier and angrier at kalakaua spending money. They were scared of her. They waited until she was out of the country to have the bayonet constitution by the way, that is the jubilee procession in london, 1887. Also, there is an attraction at the palace. It cost the entire annual budget of the kingdom. In european standards, it is a music box. He was very enamored of technology. It had a telephone, electricity, and Running Water before the white house did. It cost about 300,000 and really irritated the American Businessman. Now here is a hole of performance on the grounds of the palace. Hulu performance on the grounds of the palace. Had not advanced. This is very tame. See the grass skirts they are wearing . Originally, hulu was something different. La in praise of genitals, which was pretty explicit. The missionaries were not entirely out of line thinking we needed to reform this. What they did not realize is preservation of the Hawaiian Culture. The whole thing is song and dance. The whole story was oral. They did not have writing before the missionaries. And ity outlawed hula struck at the heart of their culture, which is one reason why there are hula schools. Very quickly, all of this westernization was not by common consent, and this is a very important lady. She was the last surviving direct descendent and kind of a genetic throwback, looks very much like him. Ever became a christian preserve the old ways. She was the royal governor of the big island for about 20 years. Became king, he was so jealous of her heritage, he stripped her of her royal titles, took away her governorship, which extremely which was extremely stupid, because she ended up inheriting about 10 of the kingdom. If he had treated her with he would have inherited a vast fortune. He couldve told the American Businessman to put a sock in it and ruled by decree. But he had to feel like he was getting the better of her and insulted her and slighted her. One thing she did, she knew how deep in debt he went to build the palace, so she called somebody and said, i will building nicer place than that. Which she just paid for in cash because it was minor for her, just to show him he was no big deal. Liliemained quite close to to bernice as well. She was extremely popular. There is a great story and a why comingre was a lava flow a great story i and hawaii, the result of a flow coming. The lava was coming. Her and said,t to governor, please save us, because you never bought any of this new religion. Well, she sacrificed a pig and through berries into the lava and it stopped. [laughter] mr. Haley some faces launched a thousand ships. Some stop a volcano. If i was the volcano, i would not cross her. [laughter] mr. Haley all right. 1891, after the bayonet constitution, when liliuokalani was in london, the businessman struck, for speaking to sign a new constitution, they heard about it, went back, and another few years later, he was ruined, he was depressed, he went to california to see a doctor and died. Here she is as clean. But the fix was really in for as clean. E she is but the fix was really in for her. She presided over the opening of the british museum. Here she is as queen. Hadwas christian, but superstitions. She went to a friend of hers who became a fortuneteller and different lobbies would use her. She one night told liliuokalani wait, tomorrow, i see a vision. A man will come to the palace with 100,000. You must take it. The man was from the lottery lobby. Which did her no political help at all. There is an american journalist, mary pratt, who said she had such a striking presence, you would not recognize her if you saw all the photos of her, you would not recognize her because she looked different from every angle. Interlock and andrews thurston, really nasty piece of work. Enter Lauren Andrew thurston. Todaye stuff we hear about american missionaries who go to why he, and take over the country. No, those missionaries taught and doctored and work themselves to the bone. No one realizes this. The home church in new england disciplined them, chastise them and eventually cut them off for staying involved in helping the hawaii and people. You should preach and move on. You should not establish schools and hospitals. You should forget them. It,hey had not done christianity would never have taken root and hawaii. Hawaii. He came back to hawaii just computer with 19thcentury american racism. Just plain old, get down racism. He enforced this hawaiian league, which once again became the committee of safety, trying to make a comparison to the American Revolution in 1776. The was, at that time, warships in honolulu harbor. Now, the japanese also had a big presence in hawaii. In fact, kalakaua in his waning years realized hawaii is too small and too weak to make a go of it as an independent country. To the one day belong United States or belong to japan. Here we have the japanese powerfulthe most cruiser at the time. You see the american cruiser still has sailing masts in engines fail . The japanese were passed that. If they got into a fight, there is no question who would have one. These were tough times in hawaii. The committee of safety is dealing with the Benjamin Harris harrison administration, republicans. We depend on you to take us in . Well, basically, yes. This is january of 1893. Liliuokalani, who is in the carriage there, has finally prologue to the legislature. There was a depression in hawaii. She was trying to figure out how to keep things paid for. Tax,as supporting an opium all these chinese laborers smoked opium, and they could get the money. Then there was the lottery. The americans roll horrified. The legislature met or 172 days. Under the bayonets restitution, the only way she could control politics was by governments rising and falling. As long as she could pick her ministers until they disfavored are and she would have enough legislators vote noconfidence and she would get a new government as a hell of a way to try to run a government. She finally dismissed the legislature, and she had secretly been working on a new constitution that would restore her royal powers. Procession,m this she went back to the palace and announced her new constitution, and that was the beginning of the overthrow. League, theon committee of safety, they had a Militia Company called the honolulu rifles. They rose up, and the american minister to honolulu, john stevens, had worked it out with the captain of the uss boston that when this happened, marines would come on shore and in any possibility of active resistance. She was toppled. Now, what she did, she would not abdicate, but under all kinds of she seated her government not to the coup plotters she c government not to the coup plotters, but to the british in the United States. She remembered that they did this years ago. Harrison approved the treaty of the annexation of hawaii. He had days left in his administration. Replaced by a democrat. He is horrified by the whole business and he withdraws the treaty and leaves thurston and his bunch in the lurch. He sends a fact finder to honolulu, to tell him what is really going on. Jamesecial minister blunt, he went with paramount powers, some people called him paramount blunt thurston and his crowd thought they could rely on him in helping prove that dark people cannot run their own country, because hes a confederate colonel. He is from georgia. Hell understand. He got there. Everybody tried to buy him off. The annexation league rented him a huge mansion. He said no, thank you. Liliuokalani was in her personal care is to his hotel. He said, no, thank you. He managed to irritate everybody. The navy, who he was deeply suspicious was involved with the coup, offered to put his messages home in code, and he did not send his messages home through the navy because he expected those would go back to the rebel government, so he said, no, thank you. And his report just savaged the whole revolution thing. Cleveland disapproved of it. He tried to get liliuokalani back on the throne. All of the as americans they said, oh, no, we are hawaiians. We are not going to give her her thrown back. They picked sanford dole there were not pineapples yet. It is a cousin of his who did the pineapple business. They are not into pineapples yet. He had been a justice on the Supreme Court and he was in charge of coming up with the constitution. If you are doubting all of this raises an stuff, i want to you, when he was thinking how can we put together a constitution that will sound very democratic but keep our in our hands . Actually another justice put it more succinctly when he said, the question is how to draw up a howt that will look to preserve an oligarchy with the forms of republican democracy . Im not going to editorialize about that. When she prologue to the american legislature, there was a lieutenant who was sent over there to find out what was going on, and i want to read you what he wrote about her ceremony in dismissing the legislature. First came the chamberlain, supporting and from them a large portfolio containing the queens message. From it were streaming ribbons. Next forward came dusky aged the cant and full uniform in full uniform. Bearersem the feathered the bottlebrush looking things, the emblems of royal authority, kind of like our roman officials had lectors in supportingem and the emblems of savage royalty. These were followed by her majesty, the queen, dressed in white colored silk which added to her dark complexion and negro features and a look of savage determination. Ladies in4 homely waiting dressed in the loud colors so much admired by all of our colored races. That was the whole mode of american thinking about the hawaiian government. How much time have i got left, bill . None . Oh. [laughter] mr. Haley ok. When the United States was going to annex hawaii, there was a treaty. She gives up an effort to defeat it with petitions. This is almost entirely forgotten by history. These petitions were gotten up in less than three weeks. 21,000 native hawaiians signed it, that is more than half the surviving population. In the United States, it would have been the equivalent of a petition signed by 37. 5 Million People at that time. They carried it to washington. She went with them after she served time in prison and the palace for a counter coup. There she is in her traveling get up, going to washington. Favorite. S my he was a republican from massachusetts. He was antiimperialist. The hawaiian delegation taking the petition around trying to get support, the treaty, there were 90 senators, they needed 60 votes, mckinleys president now, but he is 58. The delegation recount of the whole thing about the revolution in the beginning. He started crying. And he said, you ring, you give me your petitions, you come to the site tomorrow and watch. By the time he was done, the 58 senators had become 46. Blows up in maine havana harbor. Mckinley. He is worried about the japanese, because the japanese have ships like this that we dont. Was built in britain because they did not have a shipyard big enough to do it. 12 inch guns, seven mile cruising range. Hawaii as aseized coaling station, and the Foreign Ministry wanted to do it, those ships could have gone to california, bombed the waters for a thousand miles and still had fuel to go to hawaii. Mckinley said, i cannot let those islands go to japan. Since the treaty failed, mckinley was old enough to remember how we got texas. Texas, the treaty failed, but they annex it by joint resolution, which did not need a two thirds majority. Do. Mple majority would there is the hawaiian flag coming down. By the way, there were a couple as theve bands playing flag came down, and the native musicians could not take it. Their instruments and left. It was only be american bands that played the starspangled banner. Iliuo went to washington, they had kind of a morning of the annexation ate she is retired Washington Place. She lived for almost another 20 years. In fact, she was always kind of a prickly worse analogy. Jack london met her once and charmaine london said, she shook hands with us, but in her eyes, i could tell she would really rather kill us. She died of a stroke in 1917. There is very prickly pictures of her with different territorial governors. During world war i, she did raise an American Flag over Washington Place when she heard that five hawaiian sailors had been killed in a sinking. She died, and at least they gave her a state funeral in the which is now the seat of the legislature. She was buried in the cemetery with her relatives, and there we have it. And im sorry i hope i didnt go too long. But that is my take on liliuokalani, and why they feel the way they do. Liliuokalani today is regarded as a symbol of their independence, which a lot of them would really like to have back. [applause] [indiscernible] i would just like to remind you to come back and join us on tuesday. Scott powers will be here. All right, questions . Yes . So, i had a question about clevelands support for the restoration of Queen Liliuokalani to the throne. Who was the person who first suggested that idea to him . I know that she had written a letter to him, asking for his support, and i also know that wheretary of state did that idea sort of come from . He wrote it and he was thoroughly against the takeover. There was not a lot of dickering for him to do. One of the things she got in trouble with, he wanted amnesty for the coup plotters. They were not just hawaiian subjects. They had dual citizenship. There is a story that she had threatened to behead them. She said that she might execute them. The whole beheading thing was just colorful press. Eventually, she did relent. She said, all right, i will give them amnesty, but she wrote that letter on the very day that cleveland gave up on her and the congressman said, you deal with it, i have tried. There was very little convincing to do because cleveland thought the whole thing stank. [indiscernible] mr. Haley im sorry . [indiscernible] mr. Haley yes yes. There are among the different independence movements groups, theres about six claimants. So, some things never change. Each once as i would always leave be the best king or queen. Im not sure at this moment how many there are, but there are collateral descendents who would be happy to step in and be the monarch today, yes. You said American Businessman came to hawaii and took over the land and brought chinese coolies to do the work. Why didnt make it hawaiians to do the work . Mr. Haley they tried that, but they realize hawaiians, like most polynesians, do not recognize much need to work. Nature provides. They were terrible laborers. Plus, the hawaiian population was being rapidly reduced. What had been about 400,000 natives had become 40,000. The imported chinese. They imported koreans. The japanese, not so much, because they were not that crazy about the whole idea. They even imported portuguese. They are european, if they are dark, so they can labor, to your low. By the way, when i was at the i wasical society, reading the letters that. Alakaua wrote the archivist was up at the table giving me stink eye, and i read one of these letters from china and he was trying to work out a treaty with china to limit immigration and he was working behind the sugar bowls backs. I took this letter over to the archivist. I said people do not know this. She said, we know. I said, i know it now. I am going to put it in my book. I think now we are friends. It was simply a matter of trying to get more labor. Thean you talk about cohesiveness of the islands at that time . They would not have been quite so cohesive because of the distances between them and the fact that they would shift from one person to another. One of the places that i visited, the valley goes down in a 1200 foot cliff, when camejo may hot when camejo meha invaded,meha the 400 or so of these soldiers who survived the battle got pushed over. And besides, their skeletons were still there when mark twain took a hike there seven years later. No heads though. They took the heads and put them in a sacrifice. He got beaten on the beaches once, a normandy that did not work, and there were people who chuckled at his pretensions for a long time, and he finally negotiated. It was only after the establishment of the unified kingdom, and it took some years before they did feel like the unified kingdom, it is quite true. Essentially the descendents of these missionaries have a tremendous responsibility to Environmental Protection and taking care of the people, especially to have the sugar king industry in hawaii. You have any thoughts on how to proceed . Not really. Once i realized what i had captives in Paradise News to betrays as big as it is. Another is a very active and environmental movement. There is a very active independence movement. The what the descendents of the missionaries feel about it and how much no blessedly how oblige they may feel, i really cant speak to. I did get a surprise in the mail. I got a pure pound of coffee from a couple of missionary descendents who were so shocked to read a history of hawaii and discover that someone told the truth that they just had to do something for me, because, like i said, the Political Correctness of the way history is approach there now i talked about a lot of things you are just not supposed to talk about. I should be more uptodate with what the politics are now, but i do not have the heart. I dont have the heart. It is too sad. Hawaiians are still waiting on some kind of justice and they have not gotten it yet. They had less of a position then native americans on the continent. Thank you. Thanks. Great talk. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] sorry, we have signed books in the back. Thank you. This weekend on American History tv on cspan3, tonight at 8 p. M. Eastern on lectures in history the taurean era culture Victorian Era culture in the u. S. These are the values it victorians are promoting. Restrain yourself. Do not give in to your desires. Be modest. Do not drag and make yourself the do not brag and makers of the center of attention. And work hard. Thend a program about soviet use of fake news to further their cold war agenda. There were secret packages that would be brought into my office. Almost each time, there would be some forgery there. You know, like in spy movies. Sunday at 6 30 p. M. Eastern, historians talk about their roles as expert witnesses for court cases. History is sort of an addon. It is a source of evidence or context to which, most judges and lawyers turn to two the extent it is useful in a particular case. Influential first ladies. Dolley madison who really shaped informal politics. She understood at social gatherings, you could get a man president o what the wanted to do. For our complete schedule, go to cspan. Org. Next on the civil war, historians on the controversy over and future rob civil war monuments. This was part of a symposium presented by the American Civil War museum in richmond,