When you are connected, you are not alone. Cox supports cspan as a Public Service, along with these other television providers. Giving you a front row seat to democracy. Up next, the chief climate officer from the u. S. Agency for international development, jillian caldwell, on using media to help organizations build credibility and trust and provide access to critical information systems. The discussion also touched on ways the media can promote action on Climate Change. Hi everybody, it got quiet in here, hi, how are you. Good to see so many faces, and although we cannot see their faces there are plenty of people joining us online today as well. It is great to have you here as well. Welcome to our event, and action, how media and Behavioral Insights can address the Climate Crisis. It is great to be here, i am an anchor with abc news pieced here in washington d. C. I am also a senior journal miss the in terms of the media we journalists are focusing on communities and countries, and the people who are affected around the globe by the Climate Crisis. It is an honor to be here, to be able to speak today, to listen to everyones stories, and to meet in person and hopefully virtually as well. So many people that are representing these communities on the frontlines of Climate Change. With every passing year, and it feels like with every passing month and weak, even, we are facing ever more strongly the realities of the Climate Crisis on this planet, in our communities, in our countries. Especially for those of us lucky enough to be based here in the United States, in the global north, where we are starting to feel those even more, and plenty of people around the world tell us this is what we have been seeing for a long time. Hange, my just a quick story of, the way that we all begin to experience Climate Change, my original home is back in california in the San Francisco bay area, i remember a couple of years ago i got a phone call from my mother, this was back in 2020. She was going through what is now kind of the unofficial fifth season in california which is called smoke season. You might remember that iconic picture of Golden Gate Bridge back in the fall of 2020. Completely shrouded in smoke from the wildfires nearby. My mom called me and she was saying that her and my dad were seriously considering leaving the place that i was born, and grew up. It felt like it was becoming unlivable. From wildfires and droughts, as weve seen now, floods and rains coming into california, it was becoming a serious worry for them. They said for the first time it felt like Climate Change was coming for them, for the first time in their lives. You know, it is becoming a wake up call not just for my parents and me, it is communities, politicians, businesses that really business, as usual is not coming back. Luckily, in terms of news business, what we are seeing now is a flood of new journalists coming in to cover the Climate Crisis, despite the turmoil we are seeing in the news industry theres plenty of colleagues coming on board. They are here to help hold politicians to account, governments to account, businesses to account, to help communicate clearly what is going on in the change that we are seeing in our world. To also document those effects that we know what is taking place. Also, to clearly explain the actions that need to be taken in order to combat the Climate Crisis. Personally, i am looking forward to seeing if we can go even further than what we have already done. If you look back, it wasnt long ago, to the covid19 pandemic and the crisis, then, it felt like every single journalist became overnight an expert on viruses, to be able to explain to everyone what was going on. And it wasnt just journalists who were there, it was across the board, if you are a business journalist, a sports journalist, it was affected by what was happening with covid19. Just think, if we did the same thing for Climate Change. If we made every journalist start to realize what theyve uncovered. This goes far beyond just journalists, they also understand the importance of media in this time of Climate Crisis, where we are here to reflect on what specifically media can do to support those in the countries that are most affected by Climate Change. My colleagues understand how media and Behavioral Insights can create this kind of measurable change. We have an exciting panel to discuss. We will be introducing them as we go today, so i am really pleased to have them here. First i want to introduce Gillian Caldwell the chief climate officer, and administrator. Welcome. Thank you i hope everybody enjoyed earth day and got a chance to spend time outside, and perhaps experience this unprecedented pollen count speaking of Climate Change, ive never had allergies. I think that is what i have now. They are not fun. He wonders this is a very important conversation. I think we are all aware that we need government policy and regulatory action to tackle a crisis on this scope and scale. We really cant afford to ignore the opportunity that media and communications and behavioral change presents and the context of this crisis. We have already heard a Little Something about the ipcc, i will not spend much time on this but if we start with the bad news, current emissions reduction and financing levels, and adaptation efforts are woefully insufficient to deal with the enormity of the crisis that we are now facing. The recent ipcc report, which summarizes the overwhelming scientific consensus, and called itself a code red for humanity, made claim that the global commitments combined will not reduce emissions at the scale needed to help keep Global Warming to the critical threshold of 1. 5 degrees celsius. That is just the commitments, meanwhile very few countries are keeping them. Global energy admissions rose by 1 in 2022, when we know that Carbon Emissions at large need to beat falling by at least 4 a year to ensure that we have a chance of keeping Global Warming within safe limits. As a result of our inaction, it child born today is likely to suffer on average, many more climate extreme events in their lifetime as their grandparents did. The status quo just does not cutting it. We need to significantly increase the scale, and ambition of our efforts to tackle Climate Change across the globe. The only way we can do that is if we have enough people demanding changes from their governments, from companies, from financial institutions, that will drive the big systemic changes that we need. And the media is one of the most powerful tools that we have for driving this type of social and political movement, and sustaining it through transparency and accountability. I know this from personal experience, throughout my own career, i had the opportunity to really, in the early days, pioneer the whole concept of video advocacy, as it was then known, and i lead a global undercover investigation into the russian mafia, and their involvement and trafficking women for forced prostitution. What you see here is a still from the under cover footage that we captured, a woman saying to someone from the mafia, who is trying to recruit her, this was in an apartment in moscow. Its just that i heard a lot of girls go abroad and they never make it back. This film that i produce, the first one i ever produced was actually very highly catalytic for many reasons. Not least of which the fact that we were talking about russia, a country of strategic interest to the United States, and white women, honestly. It did catalyze global and systemic policy changes across the world, and quite a lot funding to tackle the pm of trafficking for fo prostitution. And then have opportunity to ss the executive director of witn where i helped pioneer t field of socalled video advocacy. Believe it or not, before awas, time when we had the internet in our hands. Cameras in our hands. When witness was first founded we were donating video cameras at cost 1800 dollars to human Rights Groups that could afford it around the world, with the notion that seeing is believing. See it, you can film it, you can change it. I am deeply passionate about the power and potential of media, to drive change. I am really excited about what we can do at usa, to embrace that power and potential. As carl mentioned, i am the chief climate officer, and we have launched a whole of Agency Strategy that will take us through 2030, in a first ever attempt to really double down on the Climate Crisis. Carl was talking about what it would talk like for journalists to integrate insights, and observe what is happening and the same is true at usc whether you are working in humanitarian affairs, or democracy, rights and governance, you are seeing the impact of Climate Change in your own terrain, and recalling for every Mission Bureau and operating unit to getserious about tackling the crisis,d e context of our strategy. What you see here is a high looking at mitigation, we are looking at onwe are looking at capitalizing finance, and we are thinking not just about the direct actions more indirect, systemic changes that we need to reall advance action. In the last th deep gratitude to congress, we almost doubl investments in tackling the Climate Crisis. And we worked some of the important contexts. Responding t devastating flo pakistan, launching new efforts to conserve the amazon rain forest, the lungs of the planet, and launching a called to the private sector to invest in Building Communities resilience to Climate Crisis. But given the scale of this crisis, we have only scratched the surface of what we will need to do if we are going to change the way the world works, and safeguard the process weve made over the past 60 years since we were founded. So, what role should media and communications play in our climate efforts . I think it falls broadly into two categories. Deploying campaigns and communications to drive behavior change, and increase the resilience and adaptation of the communities we are working to support. The other is leveraging media and communications as a tool for accountability. Okay, so this is an ag from our health campaign, which is really whaweave begun to focus the most on the powean potential of driving behavioral change through communications. Have really evolved this work over the last40 years and generated significant learning and insights on at works and what doesnt. For example, in partsof africa, such as you are seeing here, u. S. Aid has helped run campaigns to do stigmatize hiv and a. I. D. S. , and normalize seeking treatment for infection. This has helped drive behavior change which led to significant increases and treatment initiation, and reengagement among key populations, including young men who were often reluctant to seek treatment. It has also been a very important tool as part of a broader strategy to help bring the hiv, its crisis under control. We have help support media campaigns and target interventions to change behavior in other areas as well, hand washing, vaccination, this specially most recently, reproductive health, and nutrition. Weve got some takeaways from her work in the Health Sector that would integrate into our climate work moving forward. First of all, communications based behavior change such as mass media are effective when they form part of a much broader plan, for example, combining the hiv aids awareness work with policies, to increase access to health care. And open clinics, and impacted committees. Not surprisingly, we have also learned that this kind of programming is going to be most effective when it is developed with local writers, local designers, local actors, and artists. So it really parallels the lived experience and culture of the communities that you are trying to communicate with. Finally, Research Demonstrates that repeated exposure to messages is really critical to delivering impact. So we can and should incorporate these insights from our Health Programming as we seek to scale our own efforts across the agency to tackle the Climate Crisis, this would, for example, increased support for conservation efforts, renewable energy, and the whole range of individual decisions that we all make every day, including whether we are going to choose low carbon transportation or not, what kind of diet we eat, are we eating local . You know, have we moved towards a diet that is heavier in vegetables house compared to meats, which we know drives substantial Carbon Emissions, and preventing food waste because food loss and ways are huge drivers of the crisis. When it comes to behavior change, i think it is also important to note it its populations in the global norms that our primary drivers of Greenhouse Gas emissions. We are the ones that most need to change our ways. And i think we could all step up in that way. Alongside our work to push governments to implement the policies and regulations we need to tackle the crisis. Its actually not going okay. This really interesting project we have engaged with and africa, as well. We launched artnship with disney and a kenyabased Conservation Organization called wili directs to produceonal geographic of kids africa, which is a part celebration television sey produced entirely in africa. By af storytellers casing the stories, leadership and expertise of local coationists. The idea is these stories will amplify Young African voices, to inspire the paris and their family and community, with ways to preserve the world around them. The project also includes outreach activities through schools, youth groups, conservation centers, and communities with the goal of developing a passionate compadre of youth leaders with the motivation to protect their continent and the world around them. This is another image reled to communications that are so critically important. Asell know, Climate Change is making disasts ke floods andtos much more frequent and sever. Media and communications can play a Critical Role in increasing the resilience and reducing the disaster risk. We have a long history of supporting Early Warning systems. One of our longest running investments is of a famine Early Warning system network. For nearly 40 years, we have been a leader in Early Warning for food and security, which is of course, a challenge that is only being exacerbated by the Climate Crisis. Fusenet uses data from earth orbiting satellites to monitor and forecast climatic conditions in the country that covers. This information is then used to develop forecasts for a number of people who will say based severe Food Insecurity in the coming months, which in turn helps the humanitarian community and usaid, ourselves, deliver that lifesaving emergency assessments. Through a partnership with the National Osha graphic and atmospheric administration, noah, as well as the haka Logic Research santa, weve developed and implemented a flash flood Guidance System that enables National Authorities to monitor and provide a flash flood Early Warnings to more than 3 Million People. In 67 countries around the worlds. Yet, still, one third of the worlds population lacks or any warning systems. Not surprisingly, the biggest gaps are in the countries where we work. To address those gaps, you and secretary general launched an Early Warning for all and should of which has helped galvanize global efforts. Media can play such a Critical Role and getting that timely actionable lifesaving information to people in harms way. We know from my own experience, even 24 hours notice of an extreme weather event, saved lives and livelihoods. Media can also play a role in supporting proactive planning, to reduce risks in the first place. But we have to acknowledge this berries. Because, in many countries where we are working, media partition is lack the knowledge and skills to report on the complex issues that we are describing. They may lack access to technology they need to provide reporting. And, in order to address that constraint, we partnered with the United Nations office for disaster risk production, as well as to strengthen the capacity of broadcast media organizations in 20 countries across africa, asia, the middle east and the caribbean, to really help them better fulfill their role in that kind of chain of communications and Early Warnings. Equipping radio and television outlets with information to help them disseminate the disaster risk, reduction, solutions, on a program of topics from food and water security to the preparation for the climate disasters as they become more and more severe. We are, of course, encouraging into regional collaboration between news and production, documentary units, so that through Knowledge Exchange they can really deep in the fabric of potential they have to do this kind of reporting. Lastly, i mentioned the possibility all of media as a tool for accountability and climate in the climate context. I think, in this context, it is important to recognize they are the primary tool when it comes to accountability of the crisis, the paris agreement. Under that agreement, every single country submitted their own individual plans coat nationally determined contributions or ndcs for how they will contribute to reducing global emissions. While every country that is a signatory to the agreement is obligated to make a plan they are not legally obligated to execute the plan of. Of course, there are many commitments that made contingent on funding. This comebacks to developed countries and affable promises to deliver the funding necessary to support those developments developed countries and deliver on those plans. And most cases, there just isnt the legal accountability to ensure these plans are delivered. We are falling behind. You can see here from this in d. C reality check, if its not grain its not good. We are not seeing a lot of green on that map. Very rare instances, columbia is one, where the ndc is shrine and national law. What we have for accountability is the court of Public Opinion and international pressure. Again, developed countries need to be held accountable for providing the funding to the least developed countries, to ensure they can make good on their commitments. But the immediate must also play a role in holding a mirror to our actions and highlighting our values as well as our successes. In an era of democratic backsliding and restriction on price of freedom, it is really essential that we all support efforts for this enabling environment on accountability. Investigative journalists face increasingly serious threats that are physical, verbal, and legal and nature. In fact, they are being sued at three times the rate of other journalists. In that context, usaid is providing both expertise and seed funding to launch reporters mutual, which is a global fund to shield investigative journalists from defamation lawsuits. That fund should be up and running this year to provide insurance liability, to cover the cost of to fit in journalists, Civil Society advocates, and their organizations from defamation liable and other really vexatious lawsuits meant to silence the reporting. To recap, Global Climate efforts are lagging dangerously in this incredibly decisive decade for action, as senator perry likes to call it. We need to significantly scaled our ambitions and our interventions. Weve got strong evidence from power work and the Health Sector as to how media and Behavioral Insights can be effective as part of a package of interventions. And we are going to be working to increase the power and potential of media and Behavioral Insights to advance the Climate Strategy and get that lifesaving information to frontline communities and promote the accountability we need for climate commitments. So, michael to all of you is this. As we raise our ambitions to tackle the Climate Crisis, take note of the power and potential of media and Behavioral Insights and incorporate them into your own trilogy and interventions. Its a critical compliment to the policies and regulatory interventions we still need to get the job done. We cant use these tools to help drive and sustained transformation that this moment requires to ensure the deep and sustained changes and behavior it will take to reinvent the world we are living in today to tackle this crisis. With that, i will turn it back over to you, i think, carl, and the panel, and look for to hear and what they have to say. Thanks. [applause] thanks again, gillian. That was great. So many themes and topics we will be touching on today. Just to give you a bit of the sense, we will try to spin the next good hour or so discussing with the fantastic people we have on stage. The panel. I want to make sure we can stay sometime at the end for questions. So, as we are discussing and talking, if you think of something you want to ask or bring up, write that down. Be sure to save ten or 20 minutes if we can, at the end, to have a great discussion as well. But first, touching on so many of those themes that gillian mentioned. We want to give you a concrete sense of some of the things we are talking about. We want to show you a clip. This as a program bbc media action made in bangladesh, one of those countries that truly is on the front of climate impacts right now. This is itv reality series called together we can do it. It was made in the pin kelly language. This was a show that traveled across the country and a challenge communities there to take action. Actions that tries themselves. To help adapt to Climate Change. This is a show that was the result of some Indepth Research into behavioral drivers that stimulate action among populations impacted by changes in their climate lets take a look. Gillian caldwell all right, there you have, it was cold together we can do it. A really great example of what reality show can be. It doesnt always have to be love is blind or Something Like that, right . That was pretty cool. We want to give you a little bit more context about that particular program. First of all, spoiler, it reached 22. 5 Million People in bangladesh. Thats pretty impressive. And say, lets see, it also made a difference. According to the impact evaluation, about 78 of people who watch the show improve their understanding and help to prepare for extreme weather. Nearly half took action after watching. With that in mind, id like to first of all introduce ankur garg who is joining me from bbc media action. I know youve worked on similar types of media projects. That was a really cool example of one of them. But a future little, first of all, about the results weve heard from that show. Is that representative of the impact that you are seeing elsewhere and some of the projects you have been working on . Thank you, carl. Great question. Happy earthquake, everybody. To answer your question, yes we are. Ill give you an example of something i was working on. We did this multi media project in indonesia, cold returned to the first. This was a multi Media Program aimed at young people, urban young people across and the nation. It looked at how we could bring Climate Change front and center to the thinking and engage them and a constructive way on Climate Action. So what we did under this umbrella was create a Television Drama show, 20 thoughts, cold our stories. And combine it with social media, and our action. This was a Drama Program and we had a discussion about who was targeted, which has young people, southern alongside that. We had social Media Programs and various different formats. We looked at a travel show, various different interactions with influences. We were training youth groups and universities, working with them. We were also working with Civil Society organizations on the topic of forestry and Climate Change and indonesia to have that front and center with a new thinking. What we sold from this program, we are at the Television Drama in partnership with a ctv. As gillian said, the entire production team, apart from two people, poor and donations. They understood the country really, well understood the audience really well, we decided from that. I talk about the impact, which is what you asked me. We reached 24. 5 Million People, 17 of in the nation people over the age of 15, living in the targeted democracy. On that scale, we cant rage, in terms of recall of brand, well ever 35 Million People. That means people who have not seen the program, who were away the program is happening because of this competition happening around it, even if they were not activity was they were exposed to the effect this was happening. What we saw, from people who are exposed, we did a randomized trial to measure the impact from the show, what the outcomes were, while the behavioral items were. Way to this in partnership with a third party, university economic. Who helped us design that study. What we saw was that firstly was an increase in may sheared knowledge, with regards to the example that kylian gave around food choices. Food choices people are making about the consumption of chief mate was whether to climate emissions. People exposed to the program we also saw that 65 of people who were exposed to the program took an action that could name at the end of the survey. That ranged from signing a petition, joining a Community Group, choices that they were making in their personal life. But what we also saw was that people close to the program had much higher appreciation for Company Policy on climate. Deforestation, pledge people exposed to the program and were much more likely to appreciate that action coming from government. They also had an increased appetite for more content on Environmental Issues and they want the industry to do more. What we saw was that they were changes fair or changes, and those changes were quite strong. We did sort of a Longitudinal Survey down the line and realized some office changes, especially faded away overtime. Or are the plans to do anymore . You should visit amount for. It there is. We are in the second part of that program. But also working with engineers people, looking at how when you have a desire to change, you also have the conditions to change on the ground with people who are being most impacted. Where that change lies so that we are not missing change of that. Also, i want to light things. We talked about Media Communication in the mansion and the first place. Change is not permanent. It is only over a period of time. We need to think when the funding Media Communication interventions, when to think about structural changes and behavior changes. For example, when designing a program when to think about what do we want to achieve so far as it relates to the direct and opinions on Climate Change. Also when to think about what the value stopping Media Industry doing this at scale . We need to address those barriers, structural barriers as quickly as we are dressing the behavioral barriers for sustainability, getting into the cycle of finalist again, and again, and again overtime. That is the first thing. The second one is, in some images we have been able to measure change, like ive said, but and a lot of ways, in a lot of projects, we are talking about stories of change. In absence of heaven a robust measurement like this. I think that those stories, those human stories, our important but collectively as a community when you look at evidence. Whens look at the barriers to measuring the change. Sometimes funding barriers, we need to unlock those barriers, because otherwise the information as a oneoff rather than something as we go further. We have to keep picking up from the players are, over and over again. The other thing, there are such a range of programming that can be made. You can generally, show a trauma, radio, which we are getting into a bit later. I am curious, briefly, what went into the design of the particular project that you worked on in indonesia and how to incorporate. You mentioned, you work with a lot of local people on the, ground but these behavioral attacks as well . How did you and it is on a project specifically for what you are trying to achieve . Again, a very good question. A friend of mine says when you are thinking about a communication intervention, there are two components. There is the science, which is looking at data, which is looking at understanding your audience and come up with an insight. There is the art, which is to convert ends up into an idea, a big idea that you can have all from. And the third is how you design your intervention and your program in a way that is encouraging people. And that means something to them. I think all three of them are really important. When you think about the design of a communication solution. When it comes to Climate Change, the real challenge we have is to make it up close and personal to the target audience. Otherwise, it is very macro. We need to break it down in terms of what it means to a person. Ill give you three examples of where behavioral and not to come in. The first is that an event we design around Climate Change has to be based on lived experience. It cannot be, obviously a scientific topic, there is lots of policy interventions that have been alongside, but we need to be really drilling down into what does it mean for the person you are talking to. It might mean Something Different to a young person in the or in the nation as it does to somebody, a farm in kenya. We can do to keep that audience and mind. There are various different ways to do it. I will actually request to play a trailer for Management Program here. And then ill talk about that, if thats all right. Do we have that . Fantastic. As you see, this is the character revealed. We are seeing these characters that were featured for the teen drama show. It doesnt appear like an environmental show, right . I was going to say, i would watch the show. This as a story of a you person who is pling polo. His own journey of wartime of coming from somebody who is unaware, who is not clued into what is happening around him, becoming the local leader within his village. And there are various different but systems, climate angles around food, choice fast fashion, transportation choices, in resources, that come up with an that. It is really important for us to all of these characters, are actually based on hate i study we did and we came out with various archetypes. Bodo represents a human for the next 30, other characters are based around people who are standing up and have a voice around Climate Change, et cetera. All of those are protests within the design of the show. That is what i mean when i say up close and personal with authoritarians. We need to be clear about what they are for people in the viewing audience. Maybe not one of the environment, because of that fact. And she points at time may not be climate. At this point, our Research Shows that young people in and ageist society, where youll vista goes to the number of great he is you have. Struggling to find a social identity for themselves. Fearful, reflects the fact that if you work to understand Climate Change and have a meaningful conversation about it, you would have the Identity Firm within your reference network. That reflection pathway. We actually saw in the evaluation that people who take an action based on the program, the study showed that a lot of them did because they would feel cool within their Community Group or friend network. We are not only based on that inside, we also give people the vocabulary to have that conversation through the drama show. We roll modeled that on the tv program. Third, at the end of the day, even if we are reporting effects and there is no reportage around Climate Change. At the end of the day, communication and media is a very emotional medium. We say that it can change the way people know about things. And concerns where people think about things. It can fundamentally change the way we feel about certain issues. All of that leads to doing things differently. And that we shouldnt miss type of. That therefore, we can build the communication in a way that is emotionally compelling for our audience to take note and work off. I think it is really important. But doing that, we just need to be really careful. Because it is very easy for us to come in from a Climate Change lens and say that the world is falling apart, therefore the urgent needs to be built around it, and thats where we know from various infections and health and other areas, that doesnt work for a long time. And that we need to be really careful. Just from seeing, how that was designed, it was fun. Im picturing, almost like, friends, but maybe thats reference Everybody Knows any more, it feels like. But strong characters, its fun, and as you said its not branded, you wouldnt even know its a climate shia. Its really fascinating to see what you guys designed this. Thanks for sharing some of his insights, ankur, from babysit media action. Some cool stuff. We want to bring in a government perspective as well. Gillian, early on, she had that cold action to make sure that media and Behavioral Insights are integrated into the National Strategies and national plans. We want to take this opportunity to get that government perspective. Lets introduce now, anil pokhrel. One of virtual guests. Can you hear us okay, anil . Hi, carl. Hi, everyone. Hes joining us from the polls, its a bit later there, thank you for staying up to join us to be able to share your perspective from a country that obviously is very much feeling the effects of Climate Change from the helm olympics to valleys. I want to ask you, so governments are responsible for so many aspects of managing Climate Change. From listening to your people there, and their needs, what they need in terms of adapting as well and giving them the information they need to take action. I know that you are very, very involved in Climate Communication, in terms of integrating that into your official plans. Just tell us a bit about that Climate Communication and the contacts in nepal and how that takes place . Thank you carl and thanks for having me as part of this panel. Nepal, as you all know, is a mountainous country with lots of valleys and green forests. It is picturesque but it also comes with a lot of disasters. Floods, landslides, on one annual basis. What Climate Change is done is actually worsen the chances of floods and landslides. This week, alone, we witnessed an unprecedented forest fire all across the country. From the central to the eastern part. Very much contributed to lack of rainfall during our winter season. So, these complexities are worsened by Climate Change. What also we feel, the hazards we experience, this is also the complexity around people at risk. Vulnerable people. The challenges you understand, the kind of language, and how to communicate this. So to address all this, we thought it by, really, again, the name to communicate risk into a National Disaster action plan. And thousands have been ten and 2018 we were trying to understand this global framework to drive this process. We used this framework, local framework, this is when nongovernments, the private sector, local governments, all come together. They realize that they need full Risk Communications and degraded until at disaster and Climate Change trilogy action plans. This is where the beginning actually happens. We have been able to take this into actual practice by him trying to identify what kind of communications, which language is this, and what kind of media are effective in terms of reaching out. Do these communities that have been affected by floods and landslides and throughout, wildfires, and then be able to bring changes into the decisions that they make. One critical work we have been able to organize especially in the last couple of years, ever since i was appointed by the government of the polls National Disaster strategy. Posted on social media sites, so its not just facebook, twitter, also tiktok, these have been very powerful in terms of reaching out to communities. We have also witnessed, again during the flood and landslide seasons, especially during the last two years, covid. This is the time when people get locked indoors, not able to travel. Tiktok and social media has been very effective, especially in terms of reaching out to more remote areas. Very effectively helping them make decisions. One last thing but i also want to mention at this gathering today, we are taking this example of Risk Communications into designing and Early Warning him, as gillian earlier mentioned the government of the poll, its priorities are to have really one instance across the country. Looking at floods, lightning, even forest fires. This is where we are trying to use various languages. The white Going Forward is to use the design for all kinds of hazards, using all kinds of media. That is the direction we want to take it Going Forward. Especially in such a high risk and diverse environment with complex topography but also a rich diversity of languages and very much vulnerable community. Ill posit back to you. I was going to ask if you would shut your tiktok account with us, well take a look. I am curious because you mentioned the various challenges you face. Some geographical, some cultural, some demographic. What has been the biggest challenge for you in terms of which groups hardest to reach or how are you able to ever countless pacific challenges . What have you learned in terms of those moments where it might be difficult to reach out to certain groups . We did a study, actually, with the help of the u. S. Governments usaid. This was a joint work with babysit media action. What we tried to do is to until this question. And understand where are the hotspots. What are the fault of the communication we have been using. We figured out that these people live and valleys, they have been hit by floods, landslides, debris. But the other challenge we face is not having access to other forms of media such as newspapers or televisions. This is where, he even radios, and social media was the biggest affective means of communication. This has been done for a methodological study across the country. Sampling hot spot locations based on previous disaster incidents. This has really helped us open our ways of thinking and more importantly design a comprehensive way of communicating risk for these targeted populations. Based on our experience, what weve seen is reaching the most vulnerable communities critically to disabled communities, people with hearing impairment, somebody who cannot read or write, somebody who cannot say. These are the kinds of challenges. Women with disability, outlive with disability, elderly who cannot rewrite or access mobile phones. These are the kind of categories that you can identify. Language, again, has been a key barrier. The language spoken in some of these locations is not understood by people like myself, here in kathmandu. There is a difference of languages. This is where im just sending forms of communications, what are the hazards, what is effective, especially in terms of helping them bring behavioral changes. Having said that, it is still a continual planning process for us. And reaching out to various forms of media not only from a central level here in kathmandu but also working with media, various forms of media, at the provincial level, at this level, also at the municipal level is what we are trying to try for. You mentioned this really broad ranging and broad reaching a plant in terms of Media Communications, im curious if you could share with us, what was the Tipping Point at what point did the government decide or realize that it needed to stop to implement some kind of Climate Change outrage and disaster communication . 3 storm in 2020, we were established right before the covid pandemic hit us. We had very little to prepare for it. While covid was hitting us hard, we also had to confront with disasters, floods, landslides. What could be based in such kind of environment was to really work on communication strategy. We did work it out together. So, rather than being able to travel to fields, to speak to people and those locations, we then looked at again the power of media especially the new forms of media. That is what we talk as an opportunity back then in early 2020. We have to look at the intersection between covid and floods, especially in the plains. As someone early it during the documentary, a similar sitting and bangladesh. And then a situation where you find tiny hamlets, which resembles very much like bangladesh. The context with the flooding is very similar that we can see there. Look at the interactions between covid and floods, and the sections between covid and landslides up in the mountains. That is what we started looking for. This is where, again, looking at different messaging and different forms of communications was the way to go. There is also another set of challenges, lightning that strikes us and takes the lives of 100 people per year. The best way to save as lives was to reach out through communications champions. We have been able to say that, as mentioned by the previous speaker. This has been a way to go through teachers, schools, and it is now carried over at homes, especially with children. This is how we see using the power of communications ahead of languages, messaging. Using various forms of media. To communicate risks and bring behavioral changes. That is what we really bring in the best value for money, the only other way of doing was structural forms of communication. Again, investing a fraction of the resource for designing your communication products and pain reaching out to those various people was such a wise decision for us to give ahead. Would one more question for you. You mentioned, right now, you are dealing with sweeping wildfires which i would imagine it would also contribute to some pretty bad air quality in the country. Can you just quickly give us some example of how you have been using those communication tools, maybe tiktok, radio, to reach people in the midst of whats been going on right now with wildfires . Id like to share a couple of examples. Again, if you look into it, the predominant cause of wildfires is negligent and human courses. We started by picking up a legal part of our low, this is the amount of funding imprisonment you would be facing. Again, to this is where we have been able to realize, people deliberately putting fires. If you look into half our systems to work, again, it is such a difficult area. There is a lot of migration. Not a lot of legal force in the hills. To clear land for agriculture, people put fires deliberately on. Using this kind of messaging, it does get out on the understanding side of things that there shouldnt be putting on fires. In that kind of situation, where there has been a massive droughts where we highly received rainfall, such kind of messaging as really important. What we also want to do is turn at data, which is very difficult to understand, and share them turn them into a very nice graphic scripts show you how wildfires are decreasing on an annual basis. The songs and grammar we have been able to put together have been valuable, spreading the message across. Unfortunately, we topped the charts for equality for a couple of days. We were number one, especially on air quality. The worst air quality. Fortunately, again, with a little bit of fortune, last night, we got some rain to put down some of us vaez. Thats good to hear, thank you anil pokhrel. Thank you fishery and sides, especially at such a light out. What time is it over there . A quarter to two in the morning. Well grab a coffee or a tea and thank you so much again for sharing that with us. You had mentioned a bit about radio, we have been discussing tiktok and Television Programs, but it is really important to note the wide range of scope media can play and how important is along the has been around for so long like radio can play. Lets bring in albert mwanyasi mwadime, who is in kenya, and who is in his Radio Station, i believe, where you have been doing a lot of amazing work. He is an Award Winning journalist and presenter. Thanks for joining us, can you hear us okay . Yes, im here. I know its polite there, thank you for joining us as i sit, youre in the Radio Station. Lets tell us a bit about your personal experience and the experiences of the people you read the Radio Broadcasts . Thank, you carl, for having me. It is around 11 02 in kenya. I work at a Radio Station cold sifa fm. It causes a land mass of 66 thousands million square kilometers. Mostly my audience, if you talk about my audience, i focus because this area is covered by my audience as a person who works early in the morning to get some pasture for the animals. In this case, you find that this audience of mine is affected mostly by drought because that is one of the 17 countries must affected by drought. It does affect postures and this community. They hasnt been elite of posture, most of the animals around 40,000 lost in war. 40,000 goats and shaped died some. Its accepted that my audience. Mostly, because of that, i am supposed to give information anne. In 2019, bbc media action partnered with our station and i was privileged to be one of the journalists and asked nation to attend trainings from abc media action. I attended him trainings from bbc media action. They taught us how i can cover weather and Climate Change stories because, initially, to say the truth, i was not able to get various topics to come out on Climate Change. When babysit media trained us on how we can look for stories which can really have an impact on our audience, from then i was able to produce 50 programs on weather and climate and leah programs for my audience. During that time, i was able to receive some feedback from the audience that they had received the program and if they had information. You realize, when there is a lot of drought, we experience floods. When the rain comes, we experience a lot of floods. So i was able to pass information to anybody. If they will be some floods, i am able to tell them. If they will be a lot of rain, i am able to tell them. I can tell them they are supposed to move away from the lowland areas and go to the highland areas. I am also able to give them information about, because there are some farmers also, what can flood. If we are having , what we are supposed to do. What kind of plants we are supposed to plant. That is some of the information i shared with my audience. You understand you find out that it was scientists to prepare these bulletins. So i can because my radio is the local language. I use my local language to break down the barriers and an understandable language so i can see it with my audience. They are able to understand and to know exactly what scientists are saying about the past year. Albert, im curious about what kind of feedback you have gotten from your listeners and the communities you have been reaching out to. I got a little feedback. And my program, i also bring opinion leaders and the government. They come and explain to the audience what they are doing, maybe to compete in impacts of Climate Change. You find out that the audience give feedback through colin and asking the Government Official what they are doing to make sure that these kinds of things dont happen. Sometimes in providing information the most relevant to them. That is the time they come out and ask their government what they are doing to make sure that they think about the impact of Climate Change. You also saw the area you serve as a large one. That theres a lot of people there. Its a big area. You are reaching out to herders and farmers and different communities. Can you talk a bit about the power of radio and how you are able to use this technology vets, its not like it is out of fashion here in the United States or something but people are putting their money into social media like tiktok. How can radio reach people in ways that other media cannot . You know, radio is the only accessible tool of information. You find out that most is so high. The only thing they can afford is the radio. Talked about people who move from one place to another. The unenlightened terry is our radio. For you to pass the information, for you to get the right to pass on that information, you have to use the radio. When he is having his cable, or identify activity, so i have been able to use the radio to pass on information about the weather. I am going to give an example. It was a lot of drought at this one time. I realized there were a lot of children who were being born. I asked myself, what could be the reason why there are a lot of under white children. I have realized that a lot of children are blue and white. After i find out, i realized that because there was a lot of drought, the men who are given the task of taking livestock to posture, they leave it behind. Women do not keep the nutrition they need from the livestock. So you find out there is no, you know, food for mothers. So you find that that probably impacted him and it was the children who bone. Most children were born underweight. That as i story which i filed. It won an award because it highlighted it and we had to use Radio Stations to pass information. It is important for these women. They are about to deliver. Pass information to open to make sure they are given it. The government make sure that women who elect heading and pregnant, it will help them and that situation. To help the children. Some really powerful reportedly, albert. Thank you for sharing that with us and thank you for joining us at such a pilot hour. Hang out there for just a few minutes if you wouldnt mind. I want to introduce the final member of a panel. What we have been talking about and all these programs, of course, they do need supports. Earlier we heard that call from gillian about integrating my behavioral Media Insights into Climate Change. Genevieve maricle is here, she is the senior and pfizer for climate assets usaid. It is great to have you. Just to cut their reality of the basics of aid programs, they often try to solve big issues with limited funding. From a general perspective, how can we bring together immediate, communications, Behavioral Insights and package that altogether into a fine program. Thank you so much for the question, and the combinations of our. It has been fantastic and generally it feeds so much of what we do. In that spirit, i think so much of what we are trying to achieves Development Organizations needs to and benefits from the action of local communities and individuals. When we think about that, the power, and we have seen it in the sussex you are mentioning are the impacts of these kinds of programs the power of media is so powerful a tool to the kinds of objectives we set and that gillian spoke to at the beginning of this discussion. So, in the clement space, there really are the need for the power of what media brings, is apparent in both the sort of resilience area and the mitigations face. I do want to speak to two examples, one in h. I think we have seen some pretty powerful examples here in the resilient space already that relates to Early Warning systems. I do want to take into one a bit more. I think thats in this space, going back to southern jillian s at the outset. A fairly shocking number of the sort of one third of the worlds population still lacks access to Early Warning systems so, insolvent kind of problem, when you are talking about situations where access to information is could literally be the cost of life and often code. You know, being able to reach more medals enormously. In the spaces we have invested in, partnering with media, pattern with organizations like bbc media action, we have really drawn a few lessons. I do want to speak to those. I think they actually reinforce some of the things we have heard so far. One, we relating to bring information to people will flee time to allow them to act. What we found is that even with some of those most southern shocks, we do have sometimes more than 24 hours to know information that communities need. With that, we sort of need to then Work Together and stand on clear, authoritative message. The action that needs to be taken is obvious. And clear. So, working with Close Partnership with the National Meteorological and harsher logic or possessions, working with media organizations, we can count with racist and clear action that can make a considerable difference when the shot happens. Then, i think, third, you do really need to use multiple Media Channels because, i think, we have heard examples of why different media outlets, different types of media, reach different communities. You need, also, so part of it is that. But i think part of it and all of that you need backups. If one of them smiles. Because the actions are so, can make a difference, and need to happen fast. So being able to use radio, use tv, whereas tv enough is trusted more than the National Meteorological organizations. To use smes and texting, use social media when you are trying to reach populations. Knowing that they are different values to each of these. Also, relying on media as a path to that as. Well relying on leaders in different communities that are trusted. So that they can reinforce the message they are getting in small to Medium Enterprises and religious institutions. That is what i would say are if you listen to come from the resilience fans. I dont want to speak quickly to the mitigation space as well. This is as powerful there. So an example. Some of this we are Behavioral Insights and behavioral change campaigns made a difference is in zambia. Over 75 of very urban household is using charcoal as a primary cooking fuel source. Regardless of income level. Demand for chuckle is rising exponentially and it is leading to over explanation of sam bs highly diverse woodlands. Apart from many other impact of that, there is a pretty significant deforestation component to this in a country that is one of the highest deforestation rates and the world. Creating awareness through local community and religious inflow is well also reducing market barriers and dealing with other policy issues at the same time is a critical way to shape that trend. A lot of it wasnt just the fact that this was maybe something that was cheaper than on earth horses . A lot of it had to do with making sure to communicate the right message about that, right . Exactly. Yeah. A copyright. One of the things that usaid really honed in on with the training of urban influences and legislators to start promoting cooking through live demonstrations, information sharing, womans savings and loans groups and then through that we have been able to reach and promote Clean Cooking technologies and fields over 4 Million People. One other quick point i want to make, in relation to this, is also reinforcing a point made earlier. Very critical here. It is the connection between using these Media Channels and working in these behavior change campaigns at the same time you are seeing the focus on sort of, policy objectives. And the need to coordinate these two things is immense. Because we have sort of seen, and we will probably see it here in the states, when you have a big sort of Campaign Around chains, you can picture it, everybody sergeant they are recyclables into lots of different categories and then you also picture that same set of very well sort recyclables going into one trash bin. If you dont have the, sort of, genuine and consider changes that actually back out the action you are asking for, it could result in a pretty negative outcome. That is one side. The other side is, my last, point we can see that if we have these sort of commitments set at a very mesa level, but we dont have that community by and, what needed there. You dont have Community Action at the whole of Society Action that is native to deliver on his commitments. Governments have plenty of work to actually deliver. But when we see the most powerful delivery on those commitments, it is because you have buy in from throughout the entire sort of chain of society. And that by and leads to the same kind of pressure and accountability that gillian was talking about at the outset, as well. It is sort of this whole system thing when you do start the targeting of pro communities. It is really striking to her so many people today talking about, its not about making sure you get the government on, but it is going directly to the communities, trusted people in communities, legislators are influencers or designing a Television Program to go directly into those communities. It is not necessarily about a big difference plan. Hold that thought, because usaid is not the only court that found a lot of this work. There are other global organizations. The Green Climate fund is one of them. They are based in korea. We want to bring in their voice, of course, it is the middle of the night they. We did ask someone to stay up to fill in the morning, but we did speak earlier with. Deborah hong, the head of communications. Here is a clip of her explaining i want to thank usaid and bbc for having me. And i want to wish everyone a happy earth day. It is another example of the urgency of the Climate Crisis and what we can do to prevent the health and wellbeing of the climate and the people who inhabited. Let me tell you about the Green Climate fund. We are the Worlds Largest independent climate fund, established as the operating entity of a Financial Mechanism and the paris agreement. Eminent to vote. To help the world make a paradigm shift to a low carbon climate resilient path and to support developing countries rise and realize their climate emissions. We all know there isnt enough climate finance. When you trillions of dollars. So gcf use our funds to transition developing countries to become greener and more resilient. And because developing countries face similar challenges and giving the finance that need, we help them increase access to climate finance. We helped bullpen countries trying to climate ambitions into bankable and impactful purchases. While we had differently, and we also asked her about the role media plays in the Green Climate funds or, heres what she said. Thats a good question. We cannot underestimate the media, it is an extremely powerful tool to reach audiences at scale. But unfortunately, in some cases, they can misinform,. They are a transparency and accountability. Joel acts gcf, we see media as a climate tool. It is important people to know about the impacts of our investments and what we are doing to help the most vulnerable communities response to Climate Change. These groups are often the ones that dont of media tension. By helping us publish stories, media can have no credibility and trust amongst our contributors, partners, stakeholders and the people we serve. That in the end can lead to more support, collaboration, in solidarity. Not only for gcf but also for Global Climate action. That is slowly needed for us to take on the tech climate timebomb as quarterback in the words of the u. N. Secretary general. Big thank you to deborah hong all of gcf for sharing her thoughts. Genevieve, i want to circle back to you with usaid. A lot of the discourse is discussing these things through the lens of justice and equity. How should we wrap the topics we have discussed today into that realm of Climate Justice . It is a great fundamental question. I think we have heard several really important examples that help answer the question. Alberta spoke very well to why radio is needed to reach populations who otherwise might not be the ones to get this information by the time that they need it. Either when immediate strikes or to prepare for the kind of affects the drought brings when it is happening over multiple seasons. So, it is trying to really think about those populations that most need the information and might be to get it. Something that, trying to engage a range of media makes possible. I think that the whole competition here is one of how to make sure that axis is not just for those who already have the resources to get access. That, fundamentally, this is about making sure the information is available to all. I think we have, still a ways to go before we can actually get beyond that pretty horrifying one third number. But i think we, this whole kind of conversation allows us to walk that path, to get there. So we have to keep that lands because that is how we make sure we answer this question, right . But i think it is the right question for all of us to ask. We are in good company and trying to answer it. Genevieve maricle, think you very much. I did promise we would leave sometime at the end for questions and i think which depicted that. We have got 15 or 20 minutes. Does anyone have a question, as a reminder we would love to hear from you. You can ask anybody here on the Panel Including a virtual guests as well who have graciously agreed to hang out with us. If you wouldnt mind, when you ask your question, please quickly introduce yourself and if you can keep your questions as concise as possible to save time for the members of the penalty questions. Go ahead and raise your hand and i do believe we have a microphone we will hand around the room as well. Of course, if anybody on the panel wanted to address anything else, you have your chance. It is open to you as well. If you have a question, go ahead we, will come find you, we have one here. Great. If you wouldnt mind infusing yourself first, please. Hello, my name is i am working on entertainment in the u. S. Context. I just wanted to ask you how you are thinking about investment in terms of measurement and trying to use that to generate the funding we need to be able to have a global scale use of media, especially for information. , but also behavior change. Funding and also just measurement itself. And basements and movement. Genevieve, do you like alone . First yeah, i would like to try. It is a good question, a very good question, a very important one. I think we are on a space right now where, the power of our actions is only as powerful as what we actually, as us understanding the impact. That was a pulley word answer. I think being able to use, to really know what we are investing in, what it does, is so important for solving this problem. We are not getting to the kinds of delivery on commitments that we need, as gillian laid out from the outset, and the only way we can do that is to know what difference what we are doing makes. I think the kinds of numbers that you were referring to at the outset of this conversation, help us. Certainly, the number reached. One of the things we are doing within the context of our Climate Strategy is trying to really look at, in those different, with these three ambitious targets, what does it mean to have less vulnerability. What does it mean, the actual tracking of number of Greenhouse Gases emitted. The kinds of behavior changes we are talking about here. I think we are undertaking a theory robust effort to try and actually look at those kind of monitoring and evaluation kind of criteria for what access looks like. It is not really a super satisfying answer, because it doesnt give you the kind of, you know, here is actually the target impact of these behavior change efforts, but it is to say we are on a path to try and get there. I saw you live in your head, do you agree . In terms of bang for reebok, i guess, if you will talk about it that way . How does bbc media action look at that . Absolutely. I think when we are talking about it, there is some pushback as well. A lot of times in terms of what investments need to be down a certain way. When we talk about behavior change, i think it is really important for us to track the determinants when you have for the puffin to change and trick things in between within a trajectory because that is very important. When you think about how far we have come down the line and what we need to go. To course correct, as we go along. Just an example, when we were talking about the energy projects, we got funding, we were funded to do the episodes. We got Qualitative Research about that. We had competitions about what we were doing. Implementing the program, and our case it was the government. To say there is merit and as looking at because as a space that hasnt been explored so much at scale in the global environment. This is what we need to invest in it. We got to do it. So i think that it is a twoway conversation. Also, a competition that needs to be informed by human insights and how social communication works. The under the signing of that. Interesting. Any other questions, any other hands up . I see one there. If you wouldnt mind, your name, where you from . Michael, with an organization, athena economics. We do technical advisory services. We have our president and rct with bbc media action and india. My question is for ankur. You mentioned at the top, we need to think about Structural Programs in addition to behavioral programs and the alternative to think about the barriers preventing media organizations from pursuing this Structural Program and programs or otherwise. Im curious about what you think the berries are, which funding to be. Ill stop there. Thank you very much. Because it is something thats very close to me personally to my heart. And i have been thinking a lot about that. When we think about engaging at scale in Public Service broadcasters, but lets their profit Media Companies considerate, as well. I think they keep areas around taking risks. Working in fragmented markets, with particular at the scale of tr peace. 5 . Peoples jobs at stake. , in, sort of, what the risk is around that. When we are designing the communication intervention, we are not anti revenue. We are coming at it from victim of scale. We need eyeballed for scale. The Media Companies eyeballs to reach targets. Therefore, it is a win win. What we need to do when we are doesnt it is solution is to say in the first instance, think about how we are fondly production and getting airtime for free with the local broadcaster who helps us achieve that scale. In the second stage, lets say how do we transition that to the forecast of themselves and provide Technical Support to the client . Probably look at funding the risk rather than funding the entire production and then in the third phase overtime, think about partnering by themselves. Therefore, how do we look at that consistent journey, how do we look at reducing the risk if that is the barrier. Technical understanding of the theme and be able to communicate that in a way that is the incident because otherwise you are the barrier. All of these, when these were in a systemic way in a way that we are hoping to transition over and i think that is where structural changes are going to be structural changes can also beat a training journalists. When a combination of these. So that we are not we have time for a few more questions. I did see a hand over here. If we can get a microphone there as well. Good afternoon, my name is Keith Benning or, i work for on a Climate Change and we have seen a really interesting continuum of programming, right . From infotainment types of products that seem to be aimed at, like, emerging middle class and indonesia to straight information products, like Early Warning systems, Climate Smart agriculture from our colleagues in nepal and kenya. Im wondering if there are any infotainment types of products that are aimed at, like, informal settlers or resource dependent communities, if theres kind of a sweet spot there that is aimed at behavior change for those communities, if you have examples of that . Thanks very much. Im sure youd love to chime in on that, ankur. Im sure id like to hear what albert thinks because he can maybe touch on that as well involved with the radio programming, in terms of getting pure information out there. Have you thought about or is there anything in the works . In your work with bbc media action to develop that a bit further . Well, thank you carl. I think are doing a good job because i want to tell people in kenya, shy away from covering Climate Change stories and its hard to get for talk about Climate Change. Again, they have a lot of journalists language used from europe, the weve prepared. So, for me, i speak because other to initiatives to allow other journalists to give them training about how they can cover weather and Climate Change stories. One thing they did is to bring so, we had a training of journalists and together with other experts. So, we took coproduction. How can eternal us access tool . To comment on what journalists ask. Answering the questions asked by because journalists will take that information. If they help the journalist trip down the information, the journalists will use the simplest language to their audience. So, i think should continue with that kind of work because i want to believe if we have 100 journalists trained about Climate Change stories, that would help a big, huge impact. Meets that Climate Change information will reach him. Interesting and ankur, briefly about this idea of who to reach and how to do it. I think we can absolutely entertainment formats that speak to vulnerable audiences. I will slightly zoom out of climate for a second and talk about health. And in india, we have done a program, so it was about a range of mobile health informations which were sort of also supported by usaid. One of the things that we did was created something called up shore coating, which is a box full of chatter. That was an entertainer program that was meant for rural women and child health as a topic. On a day that they meet with a village. And we use that format to be able to then create conversation amongst people themselves or it was a model of a story into fictional characters and that led to that conversation happening. So, we use that format across multiple sort of ways, not just on mass media, but also during Group Conversations or 1 to 1 conversations as well. So, i think theyre really good examples of how we and other organizations have done it. That can apply to the context of Climate Change and what we are trying to achieve here. So, i think its very much possible that we should do it. I think we have time maybe to squeeze in one more question. I see one in the back there, if we can get a microphone there. We should have a couple more minutes here. Thank you very much. From usa cocktail and, so its my pleasure to be here today. Good to have you. So, my question, because we are the Regional Mission and we try to fill in the gap. What you are talking about mostly why, like, country based. So, i would like to hear from you, what do you expect, like, the regional expect, like, a regional platform for the media or even cso platform to help accelerate the results at a higher level. Because we are studying the variable target and want to achieve and make the system change. To do so, we have a limited resource. How could we balance between changing the behavioral more time and finding other ways that we could achieve the targets quicker . Thank you. Interesting question, especially when thinking about this regional change and until, i think youre still with us there. I want to throw this one at you here briefly because, you know, nepal is a small country but it is sandwiched between a couple of very large countries. You have india, you have china. Is there any thought about how you work regionally in your area, in terms of communications and Climate Action . Thanks. As you rightly said, again, our southern areas are a continuous where similar kind of languages are spoken and so, its not done in so far in a structured way. What we see is a massive potential of using communications producing in india and using it here in nepal, especially the blood lings. Similarly, discussions with our colleagues had mdma in india. We have been able to design using these animations and languages that actually, again, reach out to people in india as well. We especially for lightning and some other Climate Change disasters is perhaps the way forward because again, the same language, the kind of culture that we all experience. Same kind of changes that we are trying to be on the look for in these sightings. And so, floods, again, the same setting and context that we can kind of massively benefit from from whats been done and these places. So, there is a potential but i doubt that theres been, again, some structured programs that actually look into these sort of mechanisms. Having said that, again, theres been some snippets of work, especially in terms of, again, doing a trounce boundary Early Warning systems. So, this is where, again, our systems do flow into india and eventually into bangladesh. So, this is where we see a reasonable potential putting these ideas forward. So, looking at ways for really kind of giving it to think through and vented signing such programs should be really helpful. Kind of quickly there, if you want to address that . Yeah, i think its a great question because i think, you know, weve been talking in a lot of the, you know, Early Warning products are the sort of information giving in a particular sort of immediate need . I think there are some products that cover, that are more seasonal focused, that you cover the sort of trends and watersheds that cross boundaries. And so, i think, you know, thinking about all of those all of those events that we are going to have to respond to and the kinds of trends requires thinking at different scales. And so, it absolutely seems like the kind of things we are talking about here could rightly be applied from a regional perspective and from a sort of longer time horizon kind of perspective as well. I know there are sort of efforts to do some sort of real thinking of seasonal forecast and talking to a range of communities about the kinds of things that will be useful. So, i think theres a lot to draw on here, as we think about the other kinds of products that are perhaps less country specific and immediate. But its a great question because what we are doing here is trying to figure out the sort of array of kinds of programming and kinds of solutions that we need to provide. I think we will leave the discussion there. I want to thank all of our panelists, sue sitting to my left, ankur garg sitting to my left, genevieve our journalist being with us there on the web just a big round of applause for all of you. Thank you so much for being here. [applause] and we would love to leave you today with a final reminder about that call to action we heard from glean caldwell. If youre working on Climate Change, just consider how media and Behavioral Insights can support your work, integrate those into your National Adaptation plans, your disaster Risk Reduction strategies, and our efforts to support mitigation, and the final word today goes to somebody who im personally proud to call a colleague. The bbc, sir david adams burrow in the bbc, what his quote is there, certain very pertinent to our discussion today. So again, thank you so much for being here. Thank you to our virtual audience as well. And again, big round of applause for you. Thanks again for being here. [applause] spieth bans campaign 2024 coverage is a front row seat to the president ial election. Watch our coverage of the candidates on the campaign trail with announcements, meet and greets, speeches, and events. To make up your own mind. Campaign 2024, on the cspan networks. Cspan now, our free mobile video app, or anytime online at cspan. Org. Cspan, your unfiltered view of politics. 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