Transcripts For KPIX 60 Minutes 20151207

Its the females who run the show. Here, if you try to be an alpha male, you will be, as the congolese say, corrected by the females. Cooper not just by one female, but by a sort of alliance of females . Thats right. Cooper bonobos have never been observed to kill each other. The same cant be said of chimpanzees, or humans, for that matter. The screeches are a sophisticated form of communication, and their gestures are unmistakable. Kroft im steve kroft. Stahl im lesley stahl. Cooper im Anderson Cooper. Whitaker im bill whitaker. Pelley im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. Happy holidays switch to Cricket Wireless and for a limited time, choose from four smartphones, now free after mailin rebate cricket visa promotion card and get more 4g lte coverage nationwide than tmobile or sprint woohoo from the merrier carrier plus, get a 100 cricket shopping card when you switch by december 6th, even if you dont need a phone. Cricket wireless. Something to smile about. 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Stahl when many of us hear the term confidential informants or, as Law Enforcement calls them, c. I. S we think of mobsters wearing a wire to ensnare their bosses and get themselves a better deal. But theres another kind of confidential informant out there that doesnt quite fit the hollywood image, and in reality may be far more common young people, many of them College Students caught selling small amounts of marijuana, who are recruited by Law Enforcement to wear a wire and make undercover drug buys in exchange for having their charges reduced or dropped altogether. Its a practice we discovered thats going on across the country, largely under the radar and, in some cases, with tragic consequences. Jason weber hows it going today . Andrew sadek all right. Weber its your birthday today. Sadek yeah. Weber probably not what you want to be doing on your birthday, huh . Stahl what youre looking at is Police Footage of the making of a confidential informant. Narcotics officer jason weber is recruiting a College Student whod been caught making two small marijuana sales to become a c. I. Weber all right. Well, you expressed interest that you probably want to help yourself out. Sadek yeah. Weber were always trying to go up the chain. And so what we want to do is have them buy from their supplier or suppliers. Stahl weber is the chief of a fourcounty Drug Task Force in eastern north dakota and western minnesota. How important do you think confidential informants are to your task . Weber yeah, confidential informants are really important to Law Enforcement across the country. They make our jobs easier just because they are already the ones that are out there that know who the drugs dealers are and rely on them. Stahl are most of the kids that youre recruiting caught for marijuana sales . Weber the big majority, yeah. Stahl webers jurisdiction includes the campus of the north Dakota State College of science, with some 3,000 students. Marijuana is now legal in four states and the district of columbia, but not in north dakota, where selling even a small amount on a campus is a classa felony with a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison, a fine of 20,000, or both. This young man, andrew sadek, was caught on tape by another confidential informant making two sales for a total of 80. Weber has called sadek in before charging him to present a choice agree to work as a c. I. , wear a wire and make undercover drug buys from three people, twice each or be charged with two classa felonies. Weber potentially, the max is 40 years in prison, 40,000 fine. You understand that . Sadek yeah. Weber okay. Obviously, youre probably not going to get 40 years, but is it a good possibility that youre going to get some prison time if you dont help yourself out . Yeah, there is, okay . Thats probably not a way to start off your young adult life and career, right . Stahl sadek took the deal. Weber told us most students do. Part of the agreement he signed keep the whole thing strictly to himself. Weber you cant tell anybody youre working for me, obvious. For obvious reasons. Stahl an awardwinning student of electrical technology, andrew sadek did as he was told never told any of his Close Friends about being an informant, never called a lawyer, and didnt breathe a word to his parents, tammy and john sadek. The sadeks are a ranching family still struggling with the death of their older son in a train accident years earlier, leaving andrew an only child. If andrew had told you that he was thinking of becoming a confidential informant, what do you think your reaction wouldve been . Tammy sadek wed have gotten him a lawyer and told him, no. John sadek weve never heard of such a thing, you know, using College Students for snitches or whatever you want to call them, stool pigeons or i dont know what you call them, you know . Lance block theres no parent that i know of who would allow their child or want their child to serve as a confidential informant. Stahl to set up a drug deal. Block yeah. I mean, its too dangerous. No, i wouldnt want my child to do it. Stahl lance block is an attorney in tallahassee, florida, who opposes using young people caught for relatively minor offenses as confidential informants. Block these kids are being recruited to do the most dangerous type of police work. Theyre going undercover, with no background, training, or experience. They havent been to the police academy. Stahl so they are basically doing the same work as a trained undercover cop . Block absolutely. Stahl block says he was unaware police were using young people as confidential informants until he was hired seven years ago by the family of rachel hoffman, a recent College Graduate who was caught with a large stash of marijuana and a few valium and ecstasy pills. It was her second marijuana arrest. Block she was caught by the Tallahassee Police department and told that if she didnt become a confidential informant, she was looking at four years in prison. Stahl she signed up, and a few weeks later, was sent out to make her first undercover drug buy. It was to be one of the biggest in tallahassees recent history 1,500 ecstasy pills, an ounce and a half of cocaine, and a gun. Had she ever dealt in any of those things . Block no. Stahl a gun . Had she ever fired a gun . Block no. Rachel was a pothead. And rachel sold marijuana to her friends out of her home, but rachel wasnt dealing in ecstasy or cocaine, much less. Of course not weapons. Stahl rachel drove her car alone to meet the dealers in this park with 13,000 cash from the police and a wire in her purse. She was to be monitored by some 20 officers. But then, the dealers changed the location of the deal, so rachel drove away from the police staging area, and thats when things went terribly wrong. Block the drug dealers have her out on this road. One drug dealer gets into the car with her. Stahl and the 20 cops who were nearby . Block they lost her. Hoffman is 57, 135 pounds. She was last seen. Hoffman was seen wednesday night at about 7 00 near Forest Meadows park. Block they shot her five times when they found the wire in her purse and dumped her body in a ditch 50 miles away. Stahl rachel hoffmans tragic death turned block into an advocate. He sued the city of tallahassee and won a 2. 8 million settlement for rachels parents, and he has argued for more openness and greater protection for confidential informants ever since. Do you have any sense of how many confidential informants there are . Block Law Enforcement is loaded with statistics. But you cannot find out any information about the number of confidential informants that are being used across this country, much less the number of people who are being killed or injured. Stahl no ones keeping statistics . Block no one. Its a shadowy underworld is what it is. Brian sallee we want to make more cases. We want to make better cases that can get prosecuted. Informants can do that. Stahl brian sallee is a longtime undercover narcotics officer who believes a shadowy underworld is exactly what working with c. I. S should be shadowy to protect informants identities, and underworld because thats where cops like him want informants to take them. Sallee who knows the most about the dope trade . Is it us working narcotics . No. Who is it . The sellers, the dopers. Stahl sallee says hes worked with hundreds of informants, and now trains Police Officers around the country on how best to use them. If you had not been able, personally, to use confidential informants, would you have been as effective . Sallee nowhere near as effective. Stahl you really feel you need this. Sallee oh, i know i would not. I may have to watch a house for days or weeks to establish probable cause. My informant goes in and makes a buy out of it, and i have my probable cause in five minutes. You can get into cases quicker, easier, in some respects, safer. Stahl im surprised you say safer, because weve heard about kids whove been killed doing these operations. Sallee its a dangerous trade that theyre involved in. Stahl yeah. Sallee they are in that drug trade. Theyve always been facing that potential danger. Stahl sallee estimates there could be as many as 100,000 confidential informants working with Police Across the country, and he says, with just a few tragic exceptions, its a win win a win for society and a win for the c. I. Sallee they have agreed to do what they are doing in exchange for something. Thats the bottom line. When somebody comes to work for me as an informant, its their decision. Stahl police tell us that this is completely voluntary, and they want to do this to get rid of the charges. Block its not something that college kids are standing up, saying, i want to be a c. I. Its not voluntary. Theyre being told theyre looking at prison time unless they agree to do deals for the police department. Stahl and there are some important things theyre not being told. So what if you catch me selling 60 worth of marijuana . What do you say to me to become an informant . Sallee ill say, this is the charge. This is a felony. Do you want to help yourself out . Stahl do you tell me that i have a right to talk to a lawyer . Sallee no, i do not. I tell you you have a right to talk to a lawyer if im going to ask you incriminating questions. If were talking about your becoming an informant, i dont have to tell you that you have a right to a lawyer. Weber all right. Stahl thats because, since police often recruit confidential informants before charging them and without arresting them, theyre not obligated by law to read them their rights. And weber didnt with andrew sadek. He told us sadek made three successful undercover drug buys as a c. I. , half the number hed been told was required of him. But then he stopped. Weber says sadek was warned he would soon be charged if he didnt continue. Then one night, a few weeks shy of graduation, security cameras snapped these pictures of sadek walking out of his dorm at 2 00 a. M. On a thursday morning. A day and a half later, he had not come back. Tammy sadek we got a call from the campus at about noon on friday. Stahl still completely unaware of their sons work as a confidential informant, andrews parents were soon on campus, making a public plea for his return. Tammy sadek we love you, and we want you. We need you to come home. John sadek everything will be okay. Stahl there were searches, prayer vigils. And then, two months later, the worst news possible andrews body was discovered in a river near the campus, his backpack weighted down with rocks, its straps tied together across his chest. Did they tell you what the cause of death was . Tammy sadek gunshot to the head. Stahl a year and a half later, thats about all the sadeks have been told. No one has been charged in andrews death, and the gun that killed him has not been found. Police deny he was involved in any c. I. Operation the night he disappeared, and have suggested to his parents that he may have shot himself, a possibility they say is inconceivable. Theyre convinced their son was murdered as a result of his work as an informant, and they want the confidential recruitment of Young Offenders as c. I. S to stop. Tammy sadek its ridiculous. Ridiculous. Stop doing it. Slap their hands. Fine them. Put them in jail. Expel them. I dont care. Stop using our kids to do your jobs. Stahl andrew sadeks death is still an open investigation, so neither the state agencies in charge of the case, nor jason weber, would talk about it. But we did ask about putting these kids at risk. Andrew sadek was caught selling 80 worth of marijuana. People have said to us, its just not worth it. Its not worth putting the kid in any kind of risky situation for that little. Weber you know, a drug dealer is a drug dealer, whether you sell a big amount or a small amount, whether you do it once or if you do it 100 times. While its still against the law, part of our duty as Law Enforcement is to get the drugs off the streets and to get the drug dealers off the streets. Stahl so how successful is what youre doing . Weber well, i think it goes back to the point, if we dont try something or if we dont do that, then were truly losing that. The war on drugs. Stahl isnt it more important to go after heroin, meth, cocaine . Weber yeah, our agency goes after all them. Stahl im still trying to get at the equation, you know what i mean . Is it worth it, for marijuana . Weber yeah. There again, i got to go back to, you know, as long as its a crime, it is my duty as a Police Officer to enforce criminal law. Stahl weve spoken to College Students who talk about how they were pressured into becoming confidential informants. It felt like i had a gun to my head. Stahl that part of the story, when we come back. Cbs money watch update sponsored by lincoln financial, calling all chief life officers. Glor good evening. Lufthansa says a man was restrained after he threatened to open a plane door. Greece has approved a 2016 budget with sharp spending cuts. And the united autoworkers want to vote for represent dentation at the u. S. s lone plant. Im jeff glor, cbs news. My mom and i have the same hands. Same eyes. Same laugh. And since shes had moderate alzheimers disease, ive discovered we have the same fighting spirit, too. Thats why i asked her doctor about onceaday namzaric™. 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Help a child achieve the dream of a higher education. Cbs cares. Stahl we wanted to know what the law is across the country about the use of young people as confidential informants. And we were surprised to discover that in all but a handful of states, there is no law no age limits on who can become a c. I. ; no rules about how, or even whether, informants must be trained; no guidelines on their protection. Policies are typically left up to the individual Police Departments that recruit and use the informants. And that, critics say, can and has resulted in overly aggressive recruitment tactics, traumatized and even suicidal c. I. S, and situations where kids are given incentives to entrap other kids. We looked at a case, a narcotics unit, where those charges have been leveled. Its in one of the countrys bestknown college towns, with the university itself an involved partner and funder. The university of mississippi in oxford, famously called ole miss, is known for its football, its school spirit, and its southern charm. But less than a mile from campus, housed in this municipal building, is a Drug Task Force focused on the darker side of life here. Its called metro narcotics, and one of its confidential informants was an ole miss student well call greg, who agreed to speak with us in disguise. His life as a c. I. Began one day coming home from class. Greg i was met halfway there by men in bulletproof vests, guns, and badges around their necks. My initial reaction was just keep going. This is no way involved with me. And then. Until they held up a piece of paper with my name on it, saying i had sold lsd, and i thought, what on earth . I had nothing to do with this. Stahl greg, who had no criminal record, insists his only encounter with lsd was when a friend asked to leave some at his apartment. Then, he says, another acquaintance stopped by wearing a wire, it turns out and picked the lsd up. Greg i was just on the couch watching tv. And he was like, oh, thanks. And i just said, i have nothing to do with this. Dont thank me. Stahl but at the metro office, greg says two agents threatened him with more than 20 years in prison and a felony on his record for life unless he agreed to become an informant and make drug buys wearing a wire from ten people who he had to find himself. Greg it felt like i had a gun to my head. Stahl have you told them yet that you had nothing to do with this . Greg they almost convince you that. That youre guilty. I was just so scared, i was just putty in their hands. Stahl did you think about the idea that youd become a snitch . Greg i mean, i knew what i was signing and i hated it, absolutely. It just made me sick, but what made me more sick was the thought of spending 20 years in prison. Stahl did you know ten people you could buy drugs from when you signed that paper . Greg absolutely not. But you dont care at the time, when you sign it. Its like, sure. You know, please dont ruin my life. Stahl ten buys sounds like a lot. Ken coghlan its virtually impossible. Stahl ken coghlan is a defense attorney in oxford who has represented many ole miss students who became confidential informants. He says that, because there are no standardized rules, cops can ask for any number of buys, like metros ten, which he says is so high, it creates a perverse incentive for kids to entice other kids to break the law. He told us he has seen it again and again. Coghlan they dont know ten drug dealers. And theyre so desperate, they will go to their friend or their roommate or their frat brother, and they know this person smokes marijuana. And theyll say, im out of weed. Can i get ten dollars worth of weed from you . Stahl your personal stuff. Coghlan thats entrapment, and thats not allowed under the law. Stahl entrapment, because that frat brother with his own marijuana, was only guilty of possession, a misdemeanor under mississippi law. But if he says yes and sells a little to his buddy, hes now become a dealer a felon, facing possible prison time. Coghlan and at that point, were not catching criminals, were creating criminals. Stahl did you ever get the feeling that you were asking someone else to commit a crime that they wouldnt otherwise have committed . Greg yes. I just knew somebody who would provide me with an amount, who wasnt selling, but i just knew they. They would because we knew each other. Stahl and you did that . Greg yes. Stahl so when you say theyre creating felons, this is what you mean . Coghlan i dont think the cops say, go out and talk somebody into doing it that wouldnt otherwise do it. Its just what the kids do. And look, there. There are some hard drugs around. But the vast, vast majority of cases are the sale of two grams of marijuana, three grams of marijuana. Stahl but those small sales can add up to big numbers of arrests, and numbers, says tallahassee attorney lance block, help Drug Task Forces get grants. Block they want to drive up their arrest numbers. And it doesnt matter whether theyre going after a college kid with a couple of joints in his pocket or whether theyre going after a drug kingpin. Stahl and the more arrests, the more money . Block the arrest numbers the higher they go, the better the funding. I mean, Law Enforcement is addicted to the drug war money as the crack addict is on the street to his drugs. Stahl its a strong charge. We put it to undercover narcotics agent and instructor brian sallee. What they say is that police are in this to lift their arrest statistics to justify the grants and money that theyre getting. Sallee im in it to do what is best for my community. And if having higher stats gets me more money and allows me to do more cases to then impact the drug trade in my community, then thats also a benefit. Stahl metro narcotics got nearly 55,000 in federal grants last year, but most of their budget comes from the city police, the county sheriffs department, and ole miss 100,000 each. The head of metro narcotics for the last five years has been keith davis, seen here on an ole miss student newscast defending his units work with students as informants. Keith davis these are adults, these are 18, 19, 20 yearolds. Yes, i get it, they have young minds, whatever. But they are out here creating felonies and hurting our communities. Stahl we requested our own interview with davis, or any representative of metro narcotics, but they declined. One thing we wanted to ask davis about were charges that he and other agents in the unit were abusive to the c. I. S. Greg they call you, and in these calls, theyre very aggressive and threatening and saying, well, were going to come pick you up and youre going to go to prison, to the point where i was just terrified whenever my phone rang. Stahl we heard similar claims from another ole miss student who became a confidential informant after metro narcotics accused him of selling marijuana. They say, your life is over if you. As you know it, if you tell anybody, if you dont help us. Stahl did they specifically say, you cant call your parents . They said, if you call your parents, well take you to jail. Stahl once he agreed, he says one of the first things the agent asked him was whether he could buy meth or heroin. He told him he couldnt. The first eight months or so, he called every single day at around the same time. Stahl he called you every day for eight months . Every day. Stahl we had heard repeated accusations about the aggressive tone of the metro agents, and then got to listen for ourselves when we obtained a tape recording of keith davis and another metro agent yelling at a c. I. Recruit they heard had made a threat to find out where they lived. The first voice is that of agent tommy knight. Tommy knight i dont give a bleep where you at. Yes, sir. Knight ill turn this bleep in and ill come beat the bleep out of you. Yes, sir. Knight get that in your head. Stahl whoa. The tape was made surreptitiously by the c. I. Recruit, who brought it to ken coghlan. We listened with him as keith davis made his own threat if the kid ever went to his house. Davis come there, itll be the last bleep place you ever go in your life. Yes, sir. Davis you feel me . 100 . Davis it took all i had not to come see you last night. Yes, sir. Davis . To hunt you down. But im trying to calm down. Stahl keith davis is the chief of this narcotics unit, and he is making a death threat. Coghlan you know, im just going to let the tape speak for itself. Stahl coghlan sent the tape and a letter to the chancellor and attorney of ole miss more than two years ago, thinking that, as a funder of metro narcotics, they should know how the unit was treating its students. He got no reply, and we could find no evidence that changes were made to the program at that time. Greg told us that, as he continued making undercover buys, he became anxious and paranoid. Greg i would have to conceal that i was shaking, because, first of all, i completely detested what i was doing. I didnt want to get anybody in trouble. Stahl did you feel ashamed . Greg absolutely. Stahl because of turning in other kids . Greg yes. Stahl but keith davis told the ole miss campus reporter that these kids dont deserve that much sympathy. Davis lets be clear here these people are not these innocent Little College kids, plain and simple. The ones that are selling dope are not innocent people, theyre selling poison. Stahl that may be true for many confidential informants, but it turns out, not greg. After a year and a half, and he says making six of the ten required buys, greg was charged and arrested anyway. Thats when his parents found out and hired coghlan, who researched the original evidence against greg and came to the conclusion that the friend who brought the lsd to gregs house in the first place had been a c. I. So, a c. I. Brought the drugs, and a c. I. Bought the drugs. Coghlan thats the way i understood it to be. Stahl coghlan says, after he brought the situation to the attention of the district attorney, the charges against greg were dismissed. All the charges were just thrown out . Greg completely. Block its really important that the public have an understanding of whats going on, because its perverted justice. Stahl ive been told that a lot of these kids are not really looking at jail time. Block in the vast majority of cases, these kids would be diverted into a drug court program. Theyd be on probation for six months to a year, and at the end, if theyve done everything successfully, then the cases are dismissed. Stahl lance block has been advocating for laws to regulate the recruitment and use of confidential informants across the country, but he says Law Enforcement lobbies have opposed the reforms. Block they want to keep the c. I. System as it is. Stahl Law Enforcement people have told us, we see it as a win win. The kids get a reduced or. Charges completely expunged, and we get to arrest drug dealers. Block but there are kids that are being killed. And theyre arresting smalltime possessors. Thats a lose lose. Stahl we asked ole miss for an oncamera interview while we were reporting our story. Our request was declined. We did get a letter months later, saying thank you for your part in encouraging a deeper look at the metro narcotics unit, and telling us that, because of increased attention attention from 60 minutes and the News Organization buzzfeed changes were being made, including more direct oversight of the program; an audit of the program by a thirdparty organization; policies to ensure suspects fully understand they have a choice in whether to become a confidential informant; and a change in leadership. At the end of september, keith davis resigned as head of the unit. He now works for the sheriffs department. Hear from someone who didnt take the deal to become a confidential informant. On 60minutesovertime. Com. Sponsored by pfizer. Your body was made for Better Things than rheumatoid arthritis. Before you and your rheumatologist move to a biologic, ask if xeljanz is right for you. 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Bonobos are the only great apes that live in femaledominated groups, and unlike chimps and humans, which are often violent and aggressive with each other, bonobos would rather make love than war. As Anderson Cooper discovered, they are an endangered species, and only found in one place, the democratic republic of congo in central africa. Congos been torn apart by war for decades, keeping researchers away, which is why bonobos are the leastunderstood apes on the planet. Cooper the worlds only sanctuary for bonobos sits on the outskirts of congos capital, kinshasa. Its called lola ya bonobo bonobo paradise and for these endangered apes, thats exactly what it is. This refuge was created by conservationist Claudine Andre. Shes belgianborn, but has lived in congo most of her life. If you ask her why she cares so much about bonobos, shell tell you just look into their eyes. Claudine andre the way they look in your eyes, deeply in your. Just like they look in your soul. Cooper in your soul. Andre yeah. Cooper and its rare that most primates dont. Dont maintain eye contact like that. Andre yeah, because. Dont try to do this with gorilla, you know and. Cooper right. Its a threatening gesture, if you do it with a gorilla. Andre yeah. Cooper but bonobos look right at you. Andre oh, yeah. Cooper bonobos may have a brain thats a third the size of ours, but theyre remarkably intelligent. bonobo screeching cooper those highpitched screeches are a sophisticated form of communication, and their gestures are unmistakable. Like chimpanzees, bonobos use tools in a wide variety of ways, and are capable of abstract problemsolving. Andre she have a baby, so she cannot go deeply. Cooper so shes breaking the stick, actually . Andre yeah, she. She shows the stick is too short. Cooper okay. So she got a longer stick. Thats amazing. So shes using the stick to see how deep the water is . Andre yeah. Cooper bonobos are unique among great apes because they are not dominated by males. And according to brian hare, a Duke University evolutionary anthropologist who studies them at lola, its the females who run the show. Brian hare here, if you try to be in a. An alpha male, you will be, as the congolese say, corrected by the females. Cooper not just by one female, but by a sort of alliance of females . Hare thats right. Thats right. And one of the. They. Bonobos really violate a rule of nature where, usually, if youre bigger, youre going to be dominant. But here, females are actually smaller. But theyre still not dominated by males because they work together. Cooper whats more, bonobos have never been observed to kill each other. The same cant be said of chimpanzees, or of humans, for that matter. Hare bonobos, on the other hand, they dont really have that darker side. So thats where they could really help us is, how could it be that a species that has a brain a third of the size of ours can do something that, with all our technological prowess, we cant accomplish . Which is, to not kill each other. Cooper the answer might be found in bonobos favorite pastime. These apes have more sex, more often, in more ways than any other primate on the planet. Their sexual contact is so frequent, brian hare refers to it as the bonobo handshake. Its not that they want to procreate or have kids; its not that they even find each other attractive. Hare no. Cooper its. Its just. Hare no, its a negotiation. Cooper and its hardly surprising that many of these negotiations take place over food. Chimpanzees will fight each other over food. Hare thats right. They. Cooper bonobos wont necessarily fight each other. Hare thats right. So they. So, basically, chimpanzees get primed for competition, testosterone increases. Bonobos, they get really stressed out. And if they feel like theyre not going to be able to share, they get really anxious, and then that drives them to want to be reassured. And they then happen to have a bonobo handshake to feel better. Cooper and males do that with females, males will do that with males, females will do that with females. Doesnt matter, even the ages . Hare any combination, any age. Cooper its an irony that this peaceloving primate is being hunted to extinction. Though its illegal to kill or capture bonobos in congo, that hasnt slowed their rapid decline. Forest animals are sold in bustling bushmeat markets for food. At the largest in congos capital, kinshasa, you can buy monkeys, porcupines, even alligators, dead or alive. Bonobos arent openly sold here anymore, but you can still buy them in many parts of congo. Their orphaned babies often end up in the only place that can care for them, lola ya bonobo. The babies arrive traumatized, often injured. Each is assigned a surrogate human mother, and their job is to raise the babies as their own, showering them with the love and attention the orphan apes so desperately need. shrieking cooper its incredible to see them up close like this. I mean, they are so. Andre yeah, human . Cooper yeah. Andre yeah, you know, i say all the time that, for sure, they are great apes. They are not us and we are not them, but we have a line in the middle of the two world that we cross all the time. Cooper baby bonobos are as playful as any human toddler, and just as curious. Suzy kwetuenda would know. Shes in charge of the bonobos welfare at lola and oversees their rehabilitation. You have a child of your own . Suzy kwetuenda yes, i have. Cooper how are they different . Kwetuenda i can say there is no more difference. Cooper theres not difference. Kwetuenda the same. Cooper of course, really have to be a mother to. Kwetuenda yes. Cooper . To this baby . Kwetuenda yes, and most of time, you need experienced mother to. So, they give love and affection, and this is the only way to save them. Cooper that. Thats what saves these babies . Kwetuenda yes. And make them in life. Cooper they need love . Kwetuenda yeah, absolutely. Without that, they die. Cooper suzy decided to study bonobos because she felt they could teach us a lot about human evolution. After five years at lola, she realized that their behavior is closer to ours than shed ever imagined. Is it hard not to think of them as human . Kwetuenda yes. Yes, because we share most of time with them. We share time with them, yeah. Cooper right, you spend all day with them . Kwetuenda all day. Cooper and at the end of that day, suzy sees to it the babies are tucked into their hammocks for the night. At 6 00 p. M. , its lights out. Do you read them a story . Kwetuenda no, they dont need, because they are tired. They spend all the time jumping in trees, playing so much as now. Cooper theyre exhausted . Kwetuenda so thats. Yeah, they are very exhausted. Cooper by age five, the orphaned apes move from lolas nursery to the kindergarten, where their peers teach them something their human mothers never could. They teach them how to be bonobos. They still crave affection, but theyre also more confident, and have started developing their own distinct personalities. Andre hes the one who like jump. Cooper you want to jump . laughter i cant work under these conditions. Its very hard to. To conduct an interview like this. laughter Claudine Andre came across her first bonobo 20 years ago. The country was wracked by violence and on the verge of a brutal civil war. She volunteered to help at a local zoo, and thats when she saw a baby bonobo, though the zoo director warned her about getting too close. He said, dont put your heart in this animal. Andre yes. Its a bonobo. A bonobo it was the first time for me i hear this word. And he say they never survive in captivity. Cooper so he was warning you, dont. Dont fall in love with a bonobo, because its going to die. Andre yeah, but it was a sort of challenge. Cooper there are now more than 70 bonobos at lola. Many of the original orphans have children of their own. But to save these primates from extinction, their numbers in the wild will have to grow. Six years ago, the team from lola decided to try to release some back into the forest. Nothing like it had ever been done with bonobos before. They handpicked nine apes who they thought would do well on their own. They have to be able to get along in a group, as well as be strong themselves. Andre yeah. Yeah, yeah. Its just like you chose people to go in the moon. Cooper its not quite the moon, but the site they found to release the bonobos is about as remote a place as you can find on the planet. Its a threehour flight deep into the wilderness of northern congo, then a long, slow ride up the lopori river in a dugout canoe. Life along the river hasnt changed much in centuries. Congo is one of the least developed countries in the world, and has millions of acres of virtually untouched forest. It may look pristine, even peaceful, but many of the people who live in these parts have suffered from years of war. The wildlife here was decimated. So, the bonobos disappeared from this area because of hunting. . Andre yes, yes. Cooper . For bushmeat . Andre yeah. Cooper and also, during the war, soldiers would hunt here. Andre yeah. Cooper we were taken to the spot where that first group of bonobos was released. For a while, we couldnt see anything, just dense forest spilling over the banks of the winding river. Then, claudine began calling out the names of the apes she herself once mothered all those years ago. Andre vous etes ou . bonobos screeching they know it. Cooper thats crazy. They respond to you. Andre they responding to me. They know im here. Cooper we still couldnt see them, but they could hear claudine. And suddenly, the forest was alive with the sound of apes excited to hear her voice once again. One by one, the bonobos came to the waters edge to see the people whod saved their lives. Andre etumbe cooper claudine and her team werent sure releasing bonobos back into the wild would work, and although some had trouble adapting, most now seem to be thriving. Andre etumbe cooper thats etumbe, the bonobo claudine is perhaps most proud of. For 17 years, she was trapped in a tiny cage at a kinshasa laboratory. Now, shes the leader of the group. Andre and she give us a first baby born here, so. Is my friend. laughter . Or my sister. Cooper your. Your family. Andre my family. Cooper this is as close as claudine allows herself to get. Now that theyre wild, she doesnt want the bonobos to get used to humans ever again. Do you still find it thrilling when you suddenly see them after all this time . Andre oh, yes. Its also so nice. Present to return to the wild and be free. Cooper this is what you dreamed of . Andre yes. Your cbs sports update is brought to you by ford. Im james brown with scores from nfl. The jets dropped the giants in o. T. Buffalo snaps houstons fourgame win streak. Philly hands the pats their second straight loss. Carolina remains unbeaten and clinches the n. F. C. South. Denvers Brock Osweiler wins his Third Straight start. K. C. Rubs its win streak to six. For more sports news and information, go to cbssports. Com. Two million, four hundred thirtyfour thousand, three hundred eleven people in this city. And only one me. Ill take those odds. Be unstoppable. The 2016 ford edge. My Psoriatic Arthritis im caused joint pain. O golfer. Just like my moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. And i was worried about joint damage. My doctor said joint pain from ra can be a sign of existing joint damage that could only get worse. He prescribed enbrel to help relieve pain and help stop further damage. Enbrel may lower your ability to fight infections. Serious, sometimes fatal, events including infections, tuberculosis, lymphoma, other cancers, nervous system and Blood Disorders and allergic reactions have occurred. Tell your doctor if youve been someplace where fungal infections are common, or if youre prone to infections, have cuts or sores, have had hepatitis b, have been treated for heart failure, or if you have persistent fever, bruising, bleeding, or paleness. Dont start enbrel if you have an infection like the flu. Joint pain and damage. Can go side by side. Ask how enbrel can help relieve joint pain and help stop joint damage. Enbrel, the number one rheumatologistprescribed biologic. Kroft chances are most of you have never heard the name harry radliffe, but if you are a regular viewer of 60 minutes, youve seen it many, many times in the producer credits that appear over the correspondents shoulder. For the past 26 years, he produced a hundred or so stories for this broadcast, including some of the very best. We lost harry this week to cancer. He was 66 years old. He was the ultimate world traveler on a broadcast of world travelers. He knew where to get the best bouillabaisse in marseilles, and the best barbeque in tennessee. He knew where to go to find a great story and who to talk to when he got there. He was kind and calm, and a great journalist. He took us off the beaten path for a visit to the monasteries of greeces holy mountain, mount athos, with bob simon. Simon theres no electricity here, so the icons and mosaics are illuminated only by shafts of sunlight and a few candles. Kroft and on a search for the ivorybilled woodpecker in arkansass big woods with ed bradley. Bradley the ivorybilled woodpecker was presumed extinct. At least thats what gene sparling thought. Kroft he showed us the plight of christians of the holy land. elephants trumpeting and elephants in the Central African republic. And the art of making whisky on the island of islay. Cheers, bob. Kroft harry never lost his enthusiasm for exploring. Harry radliffe ive just always been curious about the world. I mean, its thrilling to get off an airplane and youre in india. Its thrilling to get off an airplane and youre in china. Its thrilling to get off an airplane and youre in, you know, korea. You know, to go off with a camera and be able to come back with a story that you put together and show it to people, i mean, whats not cool about that . Kroft he made 60 minutes, and all of us here, better just by having the privilege of working with him. Im steve kroft. Dont go away. Well be back in a moment with a special edition of 60 minutes. Hey im here on the red carpet where our next arrival is. Whoa toenail fungus . Fight it with jublia. Jublia is a prescription medicine used to treat toenail fungus. Use jublia as instructed by your doctor. 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So this is like, no hands, no feet, the car is in charge. The car is in charge. Kroft you had to tell a lot of lies. Absolutely. I was living a lie. Kroft were you a good liar . The best. Kroft tonight, were going to bring you a spy story unlike any other about a kgb agent who operated in the United States during the last decade of the cold war. Whats remarkable is that hes never spent a night in jail, the russians declared him dead a long time ago, and hes living a quiet life in upstate new york free to tell his story as honestly as a former spy ever can. Did you think you were going to get away with it . Yes. Otherwise, i wouldnt have done it. Kroft im steve kroft. Stahl im lesley stahl. Cooper im Anderson Cooper. Whitaker im bill whitaker. Pelley im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on this special edition of 60 minutes. Who wants to try . Before earning enough cash back from bank of america to stir up the holidays, before earning 1 cash back everywhere, every time and 2 back at the grocery store, even before they got 3 back on gas, all with no hoops to jump through, daniel, vandi, and sarah decided to use their Bank Americard cash rewards credit card to sweeten the holiday season. Thats the spirit of rewarding connections. Apply online or at a bank of america near you. Arothrough a shift withoutget a disaster. My bargain detergent couldnt keep up. It was mostly water. So i switched to tide pods. Theyre super concentrated so i get a better clean. I mean i give away water for free. Im not about to pay for it in my detergent. 15 cleaning ingredients or 90 . Dont pay for water, pay for clean. Thats my tide. For called squamous adnonsmall cell,er previously treated with platinumbased chemotherapy, its not every day something this big comes along. A chance to live longer with. Opdivo, nivolumab. Opdivo is the first and only immunotherapy fda approved based on a Clinical Trial demonstrating longer life. For these patients. In fact, opdivo significantly increased the chance of living longer versus chemotherapy. Opdivo is different. It works with your immune system. Opdivo can cause your immune system to attack normal organs and tissues in your body and affect how they work. This may happen any time during or after treatment has ended, and may become serious and lead to death. See your doctor right away if you experience new or worsening cough; chest pain; shortness of breath; diarrhea; severe stomach pain or tenderness; severe nausea or vomiting; loss of appetite;. Swollen ankles; extreme fatigue; constipation; rash; or muscle or joint pain, as this may keep these problems from becoming more serious. These are not all the possible side effects of opdivo. Tell your doctor about all your medical conditions including immune system problems or if youve had an organ transplant, or lung, breathing or liver problems. A chance to live longer. Ask your doctor if opdivo is right for you. Bristolmyers squibb thanks the patients and physicians who participated in the opdivo Clinical Trial. By day they must stay warm. Challenges to the feet. But by night, beautiful, smoother and ready to impress the other party animals. Dr. Scholls dreamwalk express pedi. From the big gifts that mean a lot, to the little ones that mean everything. Get the perfect gift for everyone and share wonder on christmas day. Walmart. Whitaker Car Accidents cost us much more than time and money they also take a Staggering Number of lives. Every year on american roads, nearly 33,000 people die, almost all because of driver error. Thats the equivalent of a 747 full of passengers crashing once a week for a year. Selfdriving cars could save more than twothirds of those lives. Thats what the nations top auto regulator told us. Its no wonder the biggest names in the Auto Industry and high tech are racing to develop Driverless Cars powered by a form of artificial intelligence. Six years ago, google rolled out a prototype that jumpstarted the competition. Today, apple and uber are experimenting, too. We wanted to see how far the technology has come. So, as we first reported earlier this year, we hit the road in Silicon Valley, the new detroit for selfdriving cars. What do you have to do to make the car take over . Ralf herrtwich i just pull this lever. And now. Whitaker system is active . Herrtwich it goes. Whitaker Computer Scientist Ralf Herrtwich runs Autonomous Vehicle research for mercedes benz. He punched in a route and took us for a 20mile drive on city streets and highways in this s500, the companys most advanced selfdriving prototype. So, this is like no hands, no feet, car is in charge . Herrtwich yeah, the car is in charge. Whitaker right from the start, the car astonished us. As we approached our first intersection, it slowed down and steered itself into the left turn lane. Its a german car, so naturally it has a german accent. car speaking whitaker that was the voice of herrtwichs secretary. So it just took off by itself when the light turned green, and now its making this left turn by itself, with other traffic around. This is absolutely amazing. Just two minutes into the ride, we entered a freeway onramp. If you think a normal merge is nervewracking, try it with a driver whos talking with his hands. I must admit, i find it a little disconcerting that we are driving toward the freeway, and you dont have your hands on the wheel. Herrtwich shall i put them back on . Would that make you feel more comfortable . Whitaker no, no, no. Herrtwich gave us a rare opportunity to go on an actual test run near mercedes Silicon Valley lab. Almost every major auto maker is working on the technology here. Nissan has teamed up with nasa. Auto parts maker delphi put its system in this audi. It was the first to drive itself across the country. Back at that merge, dont hold your breath for the car to step on it. This s500 wont break the speed limit. Are you going to have little old ladies driving up behind you, beeping the horn to get going, get moving . Herrtwich some people have remarked that the car itself, in some cases, drives a bit like an old lady. Thats. Thats fine with us, for the time being. Whitaker especially since the car has driven about 20,000 miles without an accident. Mercedes made its name selling the passion for driving on the open road. Now, it sees a future in the growing desire to be driven through trafficjammed streets. Whats fueling this . Herrtwich people are increasingly asking for this. People probably have become used to live more with computers and interact with computers, and they feel more comfortable doing this. And so, all of a sudden, we see this interest. And hey, there are certain situations where i dont want to drive. Can your car do it for me . Whitaker first, youre amazed, then you begin to relax. Surprisingly, it took less than ten minutes to feel comfortable with the car in control. This is amazing. But dont get too comfortable. Herrtwich this is not good. Whitaker those beeps, thats not a sound you want to hear. It means the car senses trouble and needs a helping human hand. car beeping herrtwich now, the vehicle asks me to take over. Whitaker at this intersection, that silver car got too close. Herrtwich this is. For example, i. Rather took over. It wouldve managed, but i, really it was. This was too close for us. Whitaker that guy was getting into our lane there . Herrtwich yeah. Whitaker it only happened a few times while we were driving around. Herrtwich says teaching the car to handle encounters like that silver car on chaotic city streets with impulsive human drivers will keep his engineers busy for the next decade. Im not an engineer. But how do you figure things like that out . Herrtwich the important thing about an Autonomous Vehicle is it has to have a very good sense of its environment. A vehicle cannot react to something it does not see, so we have to be very careful that we see everything that happens around us. Whitaker the car sees with an array of cameras and radar sensors designed into the body, constantly scanning up to 600 feet in all directions. Herrtwich we can actually detect more quickly that something is happening that may cause an accident than the human driver can. Whitaker so these cars would actually be safer, youre saying, than a human driver . Herrtwich thats what we aim for. Whitaker thats what google is driving for, too. Its Autonomous Cars rely on roofmounted laser sensors to see the road. In the last six years, its fleet has driven more than a million miles. Chris urmson were getting to a place where were comparable to human driving today. Whitaker robotics scientist chris urmson is the director of googles selfdriving car project. He invited us inside his Silicon Valley garage, where the autonomous future is taking shape. Googles a tech company, not a car maker. Urmson absolutely. But the heart of what makes the Technology Work is the algorithms and the software, and thats one of the things that we are really quite good at. Whitaker there are so many variables, so many different scenarios. How is it possible to put all of that knowledge into a car . Urmson and thats really the trick, right . Thats what makes this hard. You cant just kind of go through and enumerate, you know, the 1,000 different scenarios it might encounter, because its not 1,000. Theres an infinite number of them, right . And so the trick is to develop these algorithms that can generalize. Whitaker by generalize, he means think, and this is how it works. The algorithms are trained to recognize other cars, pedestrians, cyclists, and animals from their movements, size, and shape. Each cars daily driving experience is analyzed, uploaded, and shared. The cars can then make predictions and choices based on the collective knowledge of the fleet. Look in the lower left corner as one of urmsons cars encounters a pickup truck that stops to parallel park. Now, how does the computer know that its someone intending to back into a parking space, and not someone whos just stopped in the street . Urmson our cars have seen thousands and thousands of vehicles. And they get a feeling, you know, they get a feeling really for what the behavior of those vehicles are going to be. Whitaker really . Urmson so its seen lots of cars backing up, and so it understands if theres a space here, and a car stopped just in front of it, that means its going to probably back into that spot. Whitaker my smart phone has computer glitches. My computer has glitches. How do you get people to trust that this computeronwheels is not going to have a glitch . Urmson were all used to our bits of home computing doing funny things, right . And what you have to remember is theyre engineered and designed very differently. The way we develop the software, the way we develop the hardware, you know, the way we think about redundancy, the way we think about the situations it has to deal with on the road, its completely different. Whitaker right now, the technology cant handle snow. Googles cars cant operate in heavy rain. The mercedes s500 cant decipher hand gestures from traffic cops or pedestrians. Four million miles of roads in the u. S. Must be mapped in ultrahigh definition detail. The auto makers call these solvable problems. In the meantime, the car industry plans to automate the driving experience feature by feature, what some are calling revolution by evolution. The revolution is already being televised in ads. Backup collision intervention which can brake, even before you do. Whitaker in showrooms today, you can buy features to automatically keep you in your lane, help you park, drive you in stopandgo traffic, and recently this handsfree highway driving. Tesla made it available in october. G. M. Plans to offer it in a 2017 cadillac. Mark rosekind we are at probably the largest transformative moment in the history of the automobile. Whitaker Mark Rosekind is head of the national highway Traffic Safety administration. He is optimistic but also realistic about this new technology. Rosekind this is really different than just thinking about the engine parts and the tires. Now, were talking about cars are computers, so issues related to Cyber Security and privacy are just as big an issue as the defect in the manufacturing process. Whitaker someone can hack your computer and steal your money. But someone can hack your car and you can die. Rosekind people have to trust these vehicles. If they read or suspect in any way that they literally could be one virus away from a crash occurring, theyre not going to get in that car. Theyre not going to buy it, theyre not going to let it drive them. That whole future evaporates. Whitaker rosekind also worries about a future in which drivers place too much trust in the cars. Rosekind think about how some of this is being sold. Oh, you can take a nap. You can read the paper. What would you do if you had to take over in a certain emergency situation . Nobody has that future totally nailed yet. Whitaker mercedes and other major carmakers say humans will always have a role in driving. But chris urmson of google says its dangerous to require humans to snap to attention and take control at a moments notice, so the company stopped developing cars that put humans on call. Now, its testing 30 fully autonomous electric prototypes custom built for the job. So i would punch in where i wanted to go and it would just take off and go there . Urmson and itd take off, you press the little go button under here. Pull away from the curb, take you where you wanted. Whitaker for safety, the cars max out at 25 miles per hour. They dont need steering wheels or pedals, but they have them to comply with current california law. Jamie waydo the goal of this is to improve the remote assistance link . Whitaker jamie waydo oversees the engineering. She used to work at nasa on Autonomous Vehicles of a different sort, the mars rovers. Waydo doing selfdriving cars here on earth is actually more challenging in a lot of ways. Whitaker more difficult than driving across the surface of mars . Waydo laughs i think so. Humans are so unpredictable. And so having to try to have a car who can outpredict an unpredictable human is amazing and really, really hard. Whitaker googles cars have been in ten minor accidents in selfdriving mode all, the company says, the fault of humans driving in the other cars. Google and mercedes told us, if their technology is at fault once it becomes commercially available, theyll accept responsibility and liability. But all involved expect fewer crashes as the technology evolves. For now, its accelerating to the near future and beyond. This is mercedes vision for the year 2030, the f015. Peter lehmann so we have an app. Whitaker you can summon it with your phone. Lehmann the car will start and come to you. Whitaker german engineer Peter Lehmann took us for a test drive at an old naval base on San Francisco bay. The cars radical design was shaped by expectations of life in the future. You turn your back to the steering wheel. Mercedes is planning for overcrowded cities, perpetual gridlock, and an Autonomous Car to drive the stress away. Lehmann now you can relax, or you can. Look a movie. So you have really gained time. Whitaker i feel like im driving into the future right now. Lehmann ah, ha, yes. Whitaker a future googles chris urmson says is coming and coming fast. So how long before that day . Urmson so, the way i talk about this is, i have two children 11 and nineyear old. And the 11yearold is going to be able to get a drivers license in about four and a half years. And my mission is to make sure that doesnt happen. Whitaker you want him to have a driverless car . Urmson i want him to have a driverless car. I found a better deal on prescriptions. We found lower copays. And a free wellness visit. New plan. Same doctor. Im happy. Its medicare open enrollment. Have you compared plans yet . Its easy at medicare. Gov. Or you can call 1800medicare. Medicare open enrollment. Youll never know unless you go. I did it. You can too. 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Wow, im starving feeling . Now get 50 more meat on any 6inch sub for just 50¢ more, in celebration of our 50th anniversary. Its 50 for 50 on our 50th. All you have to say is make it deluxe when youre craving that little extra and well load up your favorite 6inch sub like the mouthwatering spicy italian or the tasty turkey breast. Made with freshly baked bread and all the fresh veggies you want. Thats 50 more meat on any 6inch sub for just 50¢ more. So get to subway and make it deluxe want to do a mitzvah this hanukkah . Support i have a dream foundation. Help a child achieve the dream of a higher education. Cbs cares. Kroft tonight, were going to bring you a spy story unlike any other. And if you think your life is complicated, wait till you hear about jack barskys, who led three of them simultaneously one, as a husband and father; two, as a Computer Programmer and administrator at some top american corporations; and three, as a kgb agent spying on america during the last decade of the cold war. The fbi did finally apprehend him in pennsylvania, but it was long after the soviet union had crumbled. As we first reported in may, what makes jack barskys story even more remarkable is that hes never spent a night in jail, and the russians declared him dead a long time ago. Hes living a quiet life in upstate new york, and has worked in important and sensitive jobs. Hes now free to tell his story, as honestly as a former spy ever can. So, who are you . Jack barsky who am i . laughs that depends when the question is asked. Right now, im jack barsky. I work in the United States, im a u. S. Citizen, but it wasnt always the case. Kroft how many different identities do you have . Barsky i have two main identities a german one and an american one. Kroft whats your real name . Barsky my real name is jack barsky. Kroft and what name were you born with . Barsky Albrecht Dittrich. Say that three times real fast. Kroft just say it once slowly. Barsky Albrecht Dittrich. Kroft how Albrecht Dittrich became jack barsky is one of the Untold Stories of the cold war, an era when the real battles were often fought between the cia and the kgb. Barsky was a rarity, a soviet spy who posed as an american and became enmeshed in american society. For the ten years he was operational for the kgb, no one in this country knew his real story, not even his family. Did you think you were going to get away with this . Barsky yeah. Otherwise, i wouldnt have done it. laughs kroft what barsky did can be traced back to east germany, back to the days when he was Albrecht Dittrich. A National Scholar at a Renowned University in jena, dittrich was on the fast track to becoming a chemistry professor, his dream job. Barsky didnt work out that way, because i was recruited by the kgb to do something a little more adventurous. Kroft spy . Barsky we called it something different. We used a euphemism. I was going to be a scout for peace. Kroft a kgb scout for peace . Barsky that is correct. The communist spies were the good guys, and the capitalist spies were the evil ones, so we didnt use the word spy. Kroft he says his spying career began with a knock on his dorm room door one saturday afternoon in 1970. A man introduced himself, claiming to be from a prominent optics company. Barsky he wanted to talk with me about my career, which was highly unusual. I immediately. There was a flash in my head that said, thats stasi. Kroft east German Secret Police . Barsky east. East German Secret Police, yeah. Kroft it was a stasi agent. He invited dittrich to this restaurant in jena, where a russian kgb agent showed up and took over the conversation. The kgb liked dittrichs potential because he was smart, his father was a member of the communist party, and he didnt have any relatives in the west. Dittrich liked the attention and the notion he might get to help the soviets. And what did you think of america . Barsky it was the enemy. And. And the reason that the americans did so well was because they exploited all the thirdworld countries. Thats what we were taught and thats what we believed. We didnt know any better. I grew up in an area where you could not receive west german television. It was called the valley of the clueless. Kroft for the next couple of years, the kgb put dittrich through elaborate tests, and then in 1973, he was summoned to east berlin, to this former soviet military compound. The kgb, he says, wanted him to go undercover. Barsky at that point, i had passed all the tests, so they wanted. They made me an offer. Kroft but you had been thinking about it all along, hadnt you . Barsky thats true with one counterweight, in that you didnt really know what was going to come. How do you testdrive becoming another person . Kroft it was a difficult decision, but he agreed to join the kgb and eventually found himself in moscow, undergoing intensive training. Barsky a very large part of the training was operational work determination as to whether youre being under surveillance; morse code, short wave radio reception. I also learned how to do microdots. A microdot is. You know, you take a picture and make it so small with the use of a microscope that you can put it under a postage stamp. Kroft the soviets were looking to send someone to the u. S. Who could pose as an american. Dittrich showed a command of english and no trace of an east german accent that might give him away. He learned a hundred new english words every day. Barsky it took me forever. I. I did probably a full year of phonetics training. The difference between hot and hut, right . Thats very difficult and. And most germans dont get that one. Kroft did you want to go to the United States . Barsky oh, yeah. Sure. There was new york, there was San Francisco, you know. We heard about these places. Kroft your horizons were expanding. Barsky oh, absolutely. Now, im really in the big league, right . laughter kroft dittrich needed an american identity, and one day, a diplomat out of the soviet embassy in washington came across this tombstone just outside of d. C. With the name of a tenyearold boy who had died in 1955. The name was jack philip barsky. Barsky and they said, guess what. We have a birth certificate. Youre going to the u. S. Kroft and that was the jack barsky birth certificate. Barsky the jack barsky birth certificate that somebody had obtained and i was given. I didnt have to get this myself. Kroft did you feel strange Walking Around with this identity of a. Of a child . Barsky no. No. When you do this kind of work, some things, you dont think about. Because if you explore, you may find something you dont like. Kroft the newly minted jack barsky landed in new york city in the fall of 1978, with a phony back story called a legend and a fake canadian passport that he quickly discarded. The kgbs plan for him was fairly straightforward. They wanted the 29yearold east german to get a real u. S. Passport with his new name, then become a businessman, then insert himself into the upper echelons of american society, and then to get close to National Security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski so that he could spy on him. Barsky that was the plan. It failed. Kroft why . Barsky because i was not given very good instructions with regard to how to apply for a passport. Kroft when he went to apply for a passport at rockefeller center, barsky was thrown off by the list of questions. Barsky specific details about my past, for which i had no proof. So i walked out of it. Kroft did the kgb have a pretty good grasp on the United States and how things worked there . Barsky no. Kroft no . Barsky absolutely not. They made a number of mistakes in terms of giving me advice, what to do, what not to do. They just didnt know. Kroft left to fend for himself in a country the kgb didnt understand, he got himself a cheap apartment and tried to make do with a birth certificate and 6,000 in cash the soviets had given him. His spying career at that point more resembled the bumbling Boris Badenov than james bond. So you were working as a bike messenger. Barsky right. Kroft that doesnt sound like a promising position for a spy. Barsky no. laughs but there were a lot of things that i didnt know. Kroft so how close did you ever get to brzezinski . Barsky laughs not very. Kroft to get a Social Security card, which he would need if he wanted a real job, barsky knew he would have to do some acting. Barsky it was unusual for a 30plusyearold person to. To say, you know, i dont have a Social Security card. Give me one. So in order to make my story stick, i made my face dirty so i looked like somebody who just came off a farm. It worked the lady asked me, she said, so how come you dont. You dont have a card . And when the answer was, i didnt need one. Why . Well, i worked on a farm. And that was the end of the interview. Kroft the Social Security card enabled him to enroll at Baruch College in manhattan, where he majored in computer systems. He was class valedictorian, but you wont find a picture of him in the school yearbook. In 1984, he was hired as a programmer by metropolitan life insurance, where he had access to the personal information of millions of americans. You were writing computer code . Barsky right, yes. Lots of it. And i was really good at it. Kroft what he didnt write, he stole, on behalf of the kgb. What was the most valuable piece of information you gave them . Barsky i would say that was the computer code, because it was a very prominent piece of Industrial Software still in use today. Kroft this was ibm code . Barsky no comment. Kroft you dont want to say . Barsky no. It was good stuff. Lets put it this way, yeah. Kroft it was helpful to the soviet union. Barsky it. It wouldve been helpful to the soviet union and their running organizations and. And factories and so forth. Kroft how often did you communicate with the russians . Barsky i would get a radiogram once a week. Kroft a radiogram, meaning . Barsky a radiogram means a transmission that was on a certain frequency at a certain time. Kroft every thursday night at 9 15, barsky would tune into his short wave radio at his apartment in queens and listen for a transmission he believed came from cuba. Barsky all the messages were encrypted that they became digits. And the digits would be sent over as. In groups of five. And sometimes, that took a good hour to just write it all down, and then another three hours to decipher. Kroft during the ten years he worked for the kgb, barsky had a readymade cover story. When somebody would ask you, you know, where you from, jack . Whatd you say . Barsky im originally from new jersey. I was born in orange. Thats it. American nobody ever questioned that. People would question my. You have an accent. But my comeback was, yeah, my mother was german and we spoke a lot of german at home. Kroft you had to tell a lot of lies. Barsky absolutely. I was living a lie. Kroft were you a good liar . Barsky the best. Kroft you had to be a good liar to juggle the multiple lives he was leading. Every two years while he was undercover for the kgb, barsky would return to east germany and moscow for debriefings. During one of his visits to east berlin, he married his old girlfriend gerlinde and they had a son. Did that complicate matters . Barsky initially, it wasnt complicated at all. It got complicated later. Kroft because . Barsky because i got married in the United States to somebody else. laughter kroft did she know about your other wife in germany . Barsky no. Kroft did your wife in germany know about the. Barsky not at all. Kroft so you had two wives. Barsky i did. Im. I was officially a bigamist. Thats. Thats the one thing i am so totally not proud of. Kroft being a spy was all right. laughter being a bigamist. Barsky in hindsight, you know, i was a spy for the wrong people. But. But i. This one hurt, because i had promised my german wife that, you know, we would be together forever. And i broke that promise. And the one way i can explain it to myself is i had separated the german, the dittrich, from the barsky to the point where the two just didnt know about each other. Kroft not only did he have two different identities and two wives, he had a son named matthias in germany and a daughter named chelsea in america. And by november 1988, a radiogram from the kgb would force him to make an excruciating choice. Barsky i received a radiogram that essentially said, you need to come home. Your cover may soon be broken and youre in danger of being arrested by the american authorities. Kroft barsky was given urgent instructions from the kgb to locate an oil can that had been dropped next to a fallen tree just off this path on new yorks staten island. A fake passport and cash that he needed to escape the United States and return to east germany would be concealed inside the can. Barsky i was supposed to pick up the container and go on, leave. Not even go back home to the apartment, just disappear. The container wasnt there. I dont know what i would have done if i had found it, but i know what i did when i didnt find it. I did not tell them, repeat the operation. I made the decision to stay. Kroft why . Barsky because of chelsea. Kroft your daughter. Barsky yes. If chelseas not in the mix, thats a no brainer. Im out of here. Kroft barsky had chosen chelsea over matthias. Barsky i had bonded with her. It was a tough one because, on the one hand, i had a wife and a child in germany, but if i dont take care of chelsea, she grows up in poverty. Kroft this may be a little harsh, but it sounds like the first time in your life that you thought about somebody besides yourself. Barsky youre absolutely right. I was quite an egomaniac. I was. Kroft jack barsky was still left with the not insignificant matter of telling the kgb that he was staying in america. In a moment, well tell you how he duped the kgb, and how the fbi changed his life. [barks] are those. You there. Stormtroopers halt turn here. Go go follow them bb8 beep, beep this way whered they go . They went that way that way, they went that way i cant believe that worked of course it worked beep, beep, beep unwrap the tempting layers of ferrero rocher. Starting with a whole hazelnut, dipped in smooth chocolaty cream wrapped in a delicate wafer, then coated in milk chocolate and hazelnut pieces. Make your moments golden. Ferrero rocher. Befi was active. Gia, i was a doer. Then the chronic, widespread pain slowed me down. My doctor and i agreed that moving more helps ease fibromyalgia pain. He also prescribed lyrica. For some patients, lyrica significantly relieves fibromyalgia pain and improves physical function. With less pain, i feel better. Lyrica may cause serious allergic reactions or suicidal thoughts or actions. Tell your doctor right away if you have these, new or worsening depression or unusual changes in mood or behavior. Or swelling, trouble breathing, rash, hives, blisters, muscle pain with fever, tired feeling or blurry vision. Common side effects are dizziness, sleepiness, weight gain and swelling of hands, legs and feet. Dont drink alcohol while taking lyrica. Dont drive or use machinery until you know how lyrica affects you. Those who have had a drug or alcohol problem may be more likely to misuse lyrica. Fibromyalgia may have changed things. But with less pain, im still a doer. Ask your doctor about lyrica. Grow old with me let us share what we see just you and i grow old with me let us share what we see and oh the best it could be just you and i kroft at the end of 1988, jack barskys tenyear run as a clandestine kgb agent in the United States was about to come to an end. He had ignored soviet warnings that his cover had been blown, and decided to remain in america and not return to his native east germany. He was taking a chance that no one in america would ever find out who he really was. And he was taking a bigger chance that the kgb wouldnt retaliate for disobeying an order. The urgency with which the soviets seemed to view the situation became clear one morning in queens. Jack barsky says he was on his way to work in december 1988, standing and waiting for an a train on this subway platform when a stranger paid him a visit. Barsky theres this character in. In a black coat, and he sidles up to me and he whispers in my ear, he says, you got to come home or else youre dead. And then he walked out. Kroft russian accent . Barsky yes. Kroft thats an incentive. Barsky its an incentive to go. Kroft i mean, spies get killed all the time. Barsky they do. But not me. The entire time, i always had this childlike belief that everything would be all right. Kroft so what are you going to tell the russians. Barsky well, i. I sent them this dear john letter, the goodbye letter in which i stated that i had contracted aids, and that the only way for me to get a treatment would be in the United States. Kroft you just wrote them a letter and said, i cant come back, ive got aids . Barsky theres three things i. I tell people that the russians were afraid of aids, jewish people, and Ronald Reagan. And they were deathly. Kroft in that order . Barsky i think Ronald Reagan took the top spot. They thought he would push the button. Kroft the aids letter apparently worked because, in east berlin, the soviets told his german wife gerlinde he wasnt coming back. Barsky they went to gerlinde and told her that i had died of aids. So i think they just wrote me off completely. Kroft you were officially dead in east germany . Barsky right. After five years, she was able to declare me dead. Kroft once the berlin wall fell and the soviet union fell apart, barsky was a man without a country. No one would want him back. He felt his secret was safe in america. He became a family guy, with a wife, two kids, chelsea and jessie, and a job. He burrowed himself into suburbia, keeping a low profile. Barsky i was settling down, i was living in the. In rural pennsylvania at the time in a nice house with two children. I was, like, typical middle class existence. Kroft and his life would have stayed quiet if a kgb archivist named vassal mitrokhin hadnt defected to the west in 1992 with a trove of notes on the soviets spying operations around the world. Buried deep in his papers was the last name of a secret agent the kgb had deployed somewhere in america, barsky. Joe reilly we were concerned that he might be running an agent operating in the federal government somewhere. Who knows . In the fbi, the cia, the state department. We had no idea. Kroft joe reilly was an fbi agent when the bureau got the mitrokhin tip, and the barsky case quickly became serious enough that fbi director louis freeh got personally involved. The fbi didnt know who or where he was, but the best lead seemed to be a jack barsky who was working as an i. T. Specialist in new jersey, with a suburban home across the border in mt. Bethel, pennsylvania. Kroft aside from his name, was there anything else that made you suspicious and make you think that this was the guy you were looking for . Reilly yes. One thing was the fact that he had applied for a Social Security number late in life, especially someone like him who was educated and intelligent. Kroft the fbi began following barsky, and when this surveillance photo caught him talking to a native of cuba, the bureau grew increasingly concerned. Barsky there were some indications that i could possibly be the head of a International Spy ring, because i had a friend who was originally from cuba. And it so happened that this friend owned an apartment that was rented to a soviet diplomat. So that one raised all kinds of flags and they investigated me very, very, very carefully. Kroft fbi agent joe reilly went so far as to set up an observation post on a hillside behind barskys house. This is a picture he took of his view. Reilly i got a telescope and binoculars, as if i was a birdwatcher, but i was looking at his backyard and at him. Over time, i learned a great deal about him. Kroft like what . Reilly just watching him. Well, i became convinced that he loved his children. And that was important because i wanted to know if he would flee. There was less chance of that if. If he was devoted to his children. And he was. Kroft but that wasnt enough for the fbi. The bureau bought the house next door to get a closer look at the barskys. Did you get a good deal . laughter reilly i think we paid what he was asking. laughter and we had agents living there so that we could be sure who was coming and going from his house without being too obvious in our surveillance. Kroft you had no idea the fbi was living next door to you . Barsky laughs no. Kroft never saw joe reilly up on the hill with the binoculars . Barsky no. Absolutely not. Kroft when the fbi finally got authorization from the Justice Department to bug barskys home, the case broke wide open. Reilly within, id say, the first two weeks that we had microphones in his house, he had an argument with his wife in the kitchen. And during the course of that dispute, he readily admitted that he was an agent operating from the soviet union. Kroft it was all the fbi needed to move in on barsky. They set a trap for him at a toll bridge across the Delaware River as he drove home from work late one friday afternoon in may of 1997. Barsky im being waved to the side by a state trooper. And he said, were doing a routine traffic check. Would you please get out of the car . I get out of the car and somebody steps up from. From behind and shows me a badge. And he said, fbi. We would like to talk to you. Reilly his face just dropped. And we told him that he had to go with us. Barsky the first words out of my mouth were, am i under arrest . And the answer was no. Now, that took a big weight off of me, so i figured there was a chance to get out of this in one piece. And the next question i asked, so what took you so long . Kroft the fbi had rented an entire wing of a motel off interstate 80 in pennsylvania for barskys interrogation. Reilly but on the way to the motel, i remember turning to him and i told him that this didnt have to be the worst day of his life. And he immediately realized that he had an out. Barsky i said to them, listen, i know i have only one shot out of this, and that means i need to come clean and be 100 honest and tell you everything know. Kroft the fbi questioned barsky throughout the weekend, and gave him a polygraph test that he passed. Convinced that his spying days were over, and that his friendship with the cuban was just that, the fbi decided to keep the whole thing quiet and allowed barsky to go back to work on monday morning. Was he charged with something . Reilly no. Kroft even though he confessed to being a soviet spy . Reilly yes. Kroft that seems odd. Reilly well, we wanted him to cooperate with us. We didnt want to put him in jail. He was no use to us there. Kroft barsky continued to meet not only with the fbi, but with the National Security agency to offer his firsthand insights into the kgb and the russians. Barsky i was able to provide them with a lot of valuable information how the kgb operated. Kroft the only people who were aware of his secret were the fbi, and penelope, his wife in america, who eventually divorced him. His daughter chelsea, then a teenager, knew only that he wanted to tell her something when she turned 18. That day finally arrived on a fourhour drive to st. Francis university. Chelsea barsky he started chuckling to himself and he said, well, im a. I was a spy. I was a kgb spy. I was like what . really . Kroft jack also revealed to chelsea why he had decided to stay in america. Chelsea barsky he said that, you know, he fell in love with me and my. My curls when i was a little baby, and then i cried. Kroft did he tell you everything . Chelsea barsky no, he didnt. He didnt tell me 100 the whole truth. He left some things out, at that point. Barsky i told her everything that you can tell in four hours that is age appropriate. She was still a teenager. I may not have told her that i was married in germany. Kroft he waited another two years before he matteroffactly dropped another bombshell about his past. Chelsea barsky he just looked straight ahead at the tv and he said, did i tell you you have a brother . laughs and i turned my head. Im like, what . Are you serious . Kroft the halfbrother was matthias, the boy jack had left behind in germany. Chelsea was determined to find him. Jack didnt like the idea. Barsky i did not feel comfortable getting in touch with him. I did not feel comfortable with my. Acknowledging my german past. Kroft after a year of trying to track him down online, chelsea finally got a reply from matthias. Chelsea barsky the subject line said, dear little sister, and when i saw, dear little sister, i just started weeping, because that meant everything to me. That meant that he accepted me. Matthias and this is me. Kroft a month later, matthias was in pennsylvania, visiting chelsea and her brother jessie. They hit it off. Matthias wasnt interested in seeing his father, then changed his mind. Was it awkward . Barsky i just remember he stared at me for a couple of minutes. He just stared at me. Kroft i mean, he had reason to be angry with you. Barsky when i told him the dilemma that i was faced with, he actually said, i understand. Kroft and whats your relationship like with matthias now . Barsky he feels like hes my son. Kroft gerlinde, the wife in germany who thought he was dead, wants nothing to do with jack today, or with 60 minutes. He has remarried and has a five yearold daughter. They live in upstate new york, where jack worked as a director of Software Development for a company that manages new yorks highvoltage power grid, a critical piece of u. S. Infrastructure. When he told his employer that he had once been a kgb spy, he was placed on leave of absence, and then fired. Before becoming an american citizen last year, he had been given a clean bill of health by the fbi and u. S. Intelligence agencies. But in the world of espionage, its often difficult to tell whats true and whats legend. Are you telling the truth right now . Barsky i am, absolutely the truth, as far as i know it. Yes. Kroft as far as you know it . Barsky well, you know, sometimes memory fails you. But i am. I am absolutely not holding back anything. Kroft why tell the story now . Barsky i want to meet my maker clean. I need to get clean with the past. I need to digest this fully. Kroft the fbi agent who apprehended him, joe reilly, Still Believes in barsky. And in yet another twist to this story, the two are good friends and golfing buddies. Reilly hes a very honest person. And if you want to find out how honest someone is, play golf with them. Kroft but youre a former fbi guy and hes a former spy. Reilly yeah. Kroft whats the bond . Reilly its personal. He credits me for keeping him out of prison. laughs kroft after nearly 30 years, jack barsky went back to visit a unified germany last october, then again in april. Barsky so, that was essentially the very beginning of my career. Kroft he showed his kids where this improbable tale began, and some other key settings in his odyssey. And he caught up with old classmates who knew him as Albrecht Dittrich. When youre here in germany, are you albrecht or are you jack . Barsky no, im jack. I. I am 100 jack. You know, the. I let the albrecht out and sometimes he interferes, but they. They get along very well now. Kroft the berlin wall, which once divided east and west, is now gone except for a section that has been turned into an art display. Checkpoint charlie, once the epicenter of the cold war, is now a tourist attraction, full of kitsch. Statues of karl marx and Friedrich Engels still stand in the eastern part of berlin, relics of another era, as is the man who straddled two worlds and got away with it. For a look at how 60 minutes correspondents and producers report our stories, go to 60minutesovertime. Com. How do you gift wrap the holidays . Do you stick to a christmas list . Or wander the aisles . Gift for the season . Or for the year . Shop only for them . Or snag a Little Something for you . Gift a card . Overstuff a stocking . Or trim a tree . However you build cheer, the best savings on gifts are here. Lets do this. Buy a combo kit, get up to 150 towards power tools and more. The home depot. More saving. More doing. Not much has changed. Except its ridiculously powerful. 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