They dropped it an atomic bomb on hiroshima and then after on nagasaki. It happened incredibly fast from july 16th, the trinity test, until august 6th and 9th, those two bombs dropped on japan. And to this day, the United States remains the only nation in the world to have ever used a Nuclear Weapon against an adversary in wartime. But looking back on the aftermath of that first test and the aftermath of those bombings in japan, its clear that a singular and defining feature of the era in World History is that for years we were alone in that capacity. For years the United States was the only country on earth that had an atomic weapon. Again, our first atomic test was july 1945. It was not until four years after that that any other country figured it out, that any other country had a successful nuclear test of their own. But it finally happened on august 29th, 1949. Soviet union set off their First Successful atomic test and its interesting, they didnt make any sort of announcement about it. I think they knew they probably wouldnt have to. The United States picked up signs of the radiation that was released by that test five days after the explosion. There was a u. S. Surveillance plane flying near siberia and five days after the soviets First Successful atomic test, that plane picked up these unexpected signs of radiation and so the u. S. Collected what data we could, u. S. Scientists set out to confirm the suspected tests and then finally almost three weeks after that surveillance plane first sniffed that radiation in siberia, almost a month after the soviets test, finally, the president of the United States, harry true m harry truman put out a statement letting the world know that somebody else other than the United States had nuclear capability. It was a written statement that he put out. We have evidence that within recent weeks an atomic explosion occurred in the ussr. That statement was issued on september 23rd, 1949. And as you might imagine, everybody freaked out. President trumans dramatic announcement that russia has created an atomic explosion has reporters heading where they will address the united nations. Does russia have the atomic bomb . The Russian Foreign minister maintains his silence. Does russia have the atomic bomb . Well, would you reply to me . Russian foreign minister maintained his silence in that interaction and in his speech that day, honestly, because actions speak louder than words and you know what, the soviets freaking had the bomb. It was not just the u. S. With the monopoly anymore. Every interaction with the soviets that we would have from that moment forward would be made with the knowledge that they could destroy washington with a nuke just as we could destroy moscow with a nuke, just as we had destroyed two japanese cities already. It changed everything. We were not a monopoly power in terms of Nuclear Weapons from that point forward. Russia went nuclear in the fall of 1949 and incidentally, very soon thereafter, by the spring of 1950, one of the scientists who worked on americas Manhattan Project confessed and was convicted of passing Americas Nuclear secrets to the soviets. So, yeah, that weapon that the soviets developed four years after us, that weapon that they developed and tested in 1949, it was a great equalizer between russia and the United States and changed everything in terms of the International Balance of power. They had help from the United States in getting there. He was sentenced to 14 years in prison for that betrayal, for giving the soviets our nuclear secrets. Last year, in february, in moscow, the russian government hosted something that they called info forum 2016. David ignatius, the National Security columnist with the park ton post wrote about this earlier this year but the event itself happened last february, february 4th to 6th in moscow. So in terms of what was going on for reference sake, this info forum event in moscow happened, again, the first week of february last year. That means on our calendar, that was right at the beginning of the president ial primary, well before the president ial general election got under way but our contests had just started. And at that event, the first week of february last year, his Senior Adviser to russian president Vladimir Putin got up to make his presentation and this is what he said. He was speaking to a russian audience at a russian event. He was speaking in russian. This is the translation. You think we are living in 2016. No, we are living in 1948. And do you know why . Because in 1949, the soviet union had its first atomic bomb test. And if until that moment, the americans were not taking us seriously, in 1949, everything changed and they started talking to us on an equal footing. He then says, im warning you we are on the verge of having something in the information arena that will allow us to talk to the americans as equals. Im warning you, he says, that was february of last year. Top adviser to Vladimir Putin, threatening at a russian event that russia had developed its Information Warfare capabilities to such an extent that the world would soon be tilted on its axis in terms of the balance of international power, the United States would not longer be seen as a preeminent world power. In fact, we would be matched. Russia was going to prove through something they had developed, they were as strong as any nation on earth and they could humble the United States and threaten the United States to such an extent that it would allow them to, quote it would tell them to, quote, allow us to talk to the americans as equals. It will allow us to talk to the americans as equals. Im warning you. That was february. By june, we know that russia had begun its operation against the u. S. President ial election. From the fbi director, we now have confirmation that the fbi started investigating that russian attack within weeks by late july, by which time the attack was in full swing. We also have confirmation from the fbi director today that what is currently being investigated by the fbi is not just whether the Russian Intelligence Services and Russian Military built that weapon and deployed it against the United States, that much we know, but weve had it confirmed today that what they are also investigating is whether, once again, the russians had help from inside the United States when it came time to humble america and show our country what they are capable of. The fbi, as part of our count counterintelligence mission, is investigating the russians interference in the 2016 president ial election and that includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump Campaign and the russian government and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and russias efforts. As with any counterintelligence investigation, this will also include an assessment of whether any crimes were committed. Whether there was any coordination between the campaign and russias efforts. That statement by the fbi director today obviously very carefully couched. By the time he said it, it could not have counted as a total surprise. But it is still shocking. This is a historic thing. As usa today, susan page at usa today put it, not since the watergate scandal that forced Richard Nixon to resign more than halfcentury ago has there been an official investigation of such potential consequence. Sometimes it helps to get outside our news environment and look in on it from behind our shores. Toward that end, the leftleaning Guardian Newspaper in britain nutted up the moment nicely today. They said, comeys appearance marked a remarkable and unprecedented threshold in u. S. Political history, putting beyond doubt that a sitting president s entour rauj was ka knifing with a foreign adversary to put that foreign in power. Today at times it was incisive and lame and embarrassingly partisan. Sorry. A and that Hillary Clinton must be investigated for Donald Trumps ties to the riussians . I dont know. Sorry. Just a reflex. Lock her up. Not everything was partisan and we did learn some concrete new information. We have confirmed now that the fbi has an ongoing counterintelligence investigation into the Trump Campaign and whether or not the Trump Campaign coordinated with russia while russia was attacking the United States. We know that that investigation started in late july last year. We know from some very pointed questioning from the top democratic on the Intelligence Committee, adam schiff will be here. We know that one of the things we reported on friday night is borne out by the fbis investigations. We did this special report on friday night where we talked to the guy who was in charge of these matters in realtime at the Clinton Campaign when the attack was happening. And we reported on friday night that it was the Clinton Campaign perception at the time that the initial dump of democratic documents, Democratic Party documents that were stolen by the russians, it was their perception that that was sort of inexpertly and handled by the russians themselves. The second release of documents, though, the one that was through wikileaks, was much slicker and appeared to have been handled through some sort of intermediary and third party who sharpened its impact in terms of its timing and user friendliness. That was suspected by the Clinton Campaign at the time. The fbi director confirmed today that, in fact, the initial release of documents that the russians hacked and stole and released through guccifer and d. C. Leaks, he confirmed that it was a russian operation, he confirmed that the second wave of wikileaks stuff, that was done through what he called a cutout, some sort of intermediary. What were beginning to understand about how this happened, the fbi is confirming thats the way it happened. In general, i think its fair to say that the republican members of the committee contributed less to the investigatory nature of what happened today in this public hearing but it is also worth noting one exception to that rule. Iliana is a moderate republican from florida. She did not go down the other roads, investigate Hillary Clinton. She didnt go down these other roads with the other republicans. She was an independent voice today and asked her own variety of direct, probing questions with most of the time that she had. And her questioning with a concrete thing we learned today and really makes sense, if russia wanted not just to affect the outcome of our elections, they wanted this to be a show of force. They wanted this to be, you know, the test of an atomic bomb. They wanted this to be a display of their capability that would threaten the United States, hurt the United States, humble the United States and make us see them as equals. Right . They didnt want anybody else to get credit for this work. They didnt particularly want to cover their tracks here. They did this one of the things we had confirmed by the fbi and nsa director is that the russians did this in as loud of ways as possible in terms of how they mounted the attack. Why do you think that they did not mind being loud and being found out . I dont know the answer for sure i think their Number One Mission is to compromise the nation and it might be that they wanted us to help them by telling people what they were doing. Their loudness in a way would be counting on us to amplify it by telling the American People what we saw and freaking people out about how the russians might be undermining our elections. Freaking people out. The russians didnt mind leaving their fingerprints all over this attack because they wanted to freak us out about what they are capable of. Back in february, in moscow when putins Senior Adviser was explaining to this russian audience about moscows newfound soon to be demonstrated capabilities and Information Warfare, this moment that were having right now, this is kind of the moment that russia is licking its chops about. In a quote from David Ignatius in moscow back in february, putins cyber adviser stressed to the moscow audience the importance of russia of having a strong hand in this new domain. If russia is week, he explained it must behave hypocritically and search for compromises. But it will be from the position of power. And so russian strength, russian capability, russian essentially russian warfare capacity in this regard must be shown off, right, to humble us, to bring us down to size, so they can then dictate the size of National Relations to us, get us to do what they want. Because if they dont, they can almost existentially threaten us with this kind of power. If that is the russian project here, it sort of helps you to see how serious it is that any american might kol lecollude wit russian project. The fbi confirmed that they are investigating the Trump Campaign to see whether or not they coordinated with the russian government in this operation. The fbi would not say how Many Associates of the president or members of the campaign are subject of this counterintelligence and would not confirm whether the president is a subject himself of this investigation. But youre starting to see hints from the white house about some of the Different Directions at which they maybe would like to divert blame. Asked, for example, about Michael Flynn today, the White House Press secretary notably stopped defending mike flynn as he has done in the past and in fact at one point referred to mike flynn as a, quote, volunteer. You know, which he was, right . He was a volunteer for the Trump Campaign for a time. Okay. But then he was named National Security adviser. The White House Press secretary also described former Trump Campaign manager Paul Manafort today as somebody who played a, quote, very limited role for a very limited amount of time. He was the Campaign Manager for donald trump. Up to and including the time when donald trump won the republican nomination for president. Paul manafort was brought on in the third week of march, almost exactly a year ago today. The same week that the trump the candidate without warning started talking frequently about how terrible he thought nato was. Nato is obsolete. It was 67 years or over 60 years old. What im saying is nato is obsolete. Nato is obsolete and its extremely expensive to the United States disproportionally so. Nato is costing us a fortune and, yes, we are protecting europe with nato but were spending a lot of money and i think the distribution has to be changed. Look at the time. The same week that Paul Manafort came on as Donald TrumpsCampaign Manager, trump pivoted to this whole new area of talking points. He started insistently and repeatedly volunteering his negative views on nato, how terrible and obsolete nato is and his views specifically that, you know what, nato isnt fair. The other nato countries are not paying their fair share, are they . And whether or not the white house is now already pivoting to throwing Paul Manafort and even maybe mike flynn under the bus, its not inexplicable why candidate trump might start criticizing nato at that point in the campaign and sewing distension and division and hitting this potential sore spot. Its not inexplicable why candidate trump might start doing that. I mean, the uncorroborated dossier of alleged russian dirt on donald trump that was published by buzz feed in january after handed over to the fbi by a former british mi6 officer, that dossier made a claim that they were supportive of it and cooperated with it and claims that there was a quid pro quo, that in exchange for russias attack on the election to hurt clinton and help trump, according to the dossier, the operation had been conducted with the full knowledge and support of trump and senior members of his campaign team. In return, the Trump Campaign would sideline and raise u. S. nato defense commitments. To deflect attention away from ukraine. So in the Christopher Steele dossier, thats the alleged quid pro quo. Russia attacks the u. S. Election for its own purpose but also corrupts and collaborates with the Trump Campaign in that attack and the Trump Campaign allegedly agrees to take steps to help russia along the way, drop that proukraine platform out of the republican the proukraine plank out of the Republican Party platform, which they did at the convention, inject a whole new controversy instead of america being natos biggest detractor and make every other country feel attacked in terms of their financial contributions in that alliance. This is the stuff that the ranking democratic on the Intelligence Committee adam schiff, described as the circumstantial evidence, that it wasnt just a russian attack. That it was a russian attack with collusion, which cooperation from inside this country, from inside the Trump Campaign. Is it possible that all of these events and reports are completely unrelated and nothing more than an entirely unhappy coincidence . Y yes, it is possible. But it is also possible, maybe more than possible, that they are not coincidental, not disconnected and not unrelated and that the russians used the same techniques to corrupt u. S. Persons that they employed in europe and elsewhere. We simply dont know. Not yet. And we owe it to the country to find out. Congressman adam schiff is the top democrat on the Intelligence Committee. Hes our guest, next. Special edition . Because, actually theres five. Ooohh aaaahh uh hooooly mackerel. Wow. Nice. Strength and style. Its truck month. Get 0 financing for 60 months plus find your tag and get 5500 on select Chevy Silverado pickups when you finance with gm financial. Find new roads at your local chevy dealer. Its how well you mow fast. Its not how fast you mow. Its how ll you mow fast. Woooh its not how fast you mow. Its how well you mow fast its not how fast you mow. Its how well you mow fast. Theyre not just words to mow by, theyre words to live by. 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We do not yet know whether the russians had the help of u. S. Citizens, including People Associated with the Trump Campaign. Many of the Trump Campaign personnel, including the president himself, have ties to russia and russian interests. This is, of course, no crime. On the other hand, if the Trump Campaign or anyone associated with it aided or abetted the russians, it would not only be a serious crime, it would also represent one of the most shocking betrayals of democracy in history. In europe, where the russians have a much longer history of political interference, theyve used a variety of techniques to undermine democracy. They employed the hacking and dumping of documents and sick propaganda as they clearly did here but they have also used bribery, blackmail, compromising material and financial entanglement to secure much needed cooperation from individual citizens of targeted countries. That was congressman adam schiff, the top democrat on the Intelligence Committee speaking at this historic hearing where the fbi confirmed that theres an ongoing counterintelligence investigation. Congressman adam schiff joins us now from washington. Sir, thanks very much for being with us. Appreciate your time tonight. You bet. Id like to tell you what i observed a little bit in terms of new factual information we didnt have before and if you could just let me know whether there are other things that weve missed in terms of new things that were disclosed. Obviously the headline is that the fbi has confirmed a counterintelligence investigation into the russian atta attack. We know it started in late july. We also have the fbi and nsa confirming their assessment that the russians did this loudly and didnt particularly try to cover their tracks. The fbi director also told you that it appears that the russians directly released the first trench of stolen documents that they had and a second one through wikileaks appears to have an intermediary. All of those pieces of information to me were sort of nuggets that i drew out of the 5 1 2 hour hearing. I wonder if there are other things that you saw today that have been publicly disclosed for the first time. You know, im not sure that i can point to any others but i would say this with respect to director comeys discussion of the russians loudly making their presence known. Im not sure that i would draw that same conclusion and part of this is what the russians intended at the outset, that it may very well be when they first penetrated the Democratic Party computers, it was for an intelligence gathering purpose and they did not feel like hiding their tracks because its something theyve done in terms of foreign intelligence gathering. But when they decided to move to the weaponization of that data, that had become more important for them to hide their tracks and then they needed more plausible deniability in terms of the platforms that they would use to publish the material. Im not sure it is as simple as the russians were intending to send us a signal here. Thats possible. I think it may be more likely that the russians were either clumsy or what started out as an information gathering purpose turned out to be Something Different later. Other than the russians releasing the information themselves, the guccifer and d. C. Leaks of information versus the russians using an intermediary for later releases of documents, including through wikileaks, whats your understanding of the importance there or the basis for that conclusion . Well, i cant go too much beyond what the director talked about today but its clear that in some cases they have a more direct relationship or essentially the persona like guccifer 2. 0, theres not much distance, if any, between the personnel or collectively the identity of guccifer 2 and intelligence themselves and they wanted more distance and they used a platform like wikileaks. Now, whether they directly engaged Julian Assange or indirectly, one thing is pretty clear, not only does donald trump have a hard time criticizing russia, so does Julian Assange. And why is that . Is there some relationship there . I dont know the answer but i do think its worth our finding out. Congressman, on nbc yesterday, you said that you see there being an accumulation of what youve described as circumstantial evidence, that there was collusion between this russian operation and associates of donald trump during the campaign. Can you just expand on that a little bit, what you met by circumstantial evidence and both the limits of that and also the extent of it . Well, you know i know when you use that term, a lot of people think circumstantial evidence is not very telling or very powerful. But it all depends on what kind of circumstantial evidence. I cant go into a lot of specifics here. Probably the best example for your viewers is if you go outside in the afternoon and theres no snow on the ground and wake up the next morning and there is snow on the ground, you can pretty well conclude that it snowed overnight. Thats circumstantial. If you see the snow coming down, then you can say i have direct evidence that it snowed. So circumstantial evidence can be very, very powerful and indicative of something thats happened. And here, you know, i think we can say certainly that the director made clear today that had he a basis in specific or credible information or evidence to initiate an investigation of the Trump Campaign. Thats not something that do you lightly or at the drop of a hat or on a whim or someone suggesting thirdparty hearsay. No. As the director made clear, you not only need to have a certain quantum of evidence, it has to supercede other investigations that you cant do at the same time because of lack of resources. So this was obviously a big deal and i think we also can see some very direct evidence of deception, which raises profound questions about why are they hiding what they are hiding and why did Michael Flynn lie about his investigation with the Russian Ambassador and why didnt he come to the senate with his meetings with the Russian Ambassador . Why did Paul Manafort lie billion what have provided for defensive weapons for ukraine . Why all of the deception if this is above board, why do they need to hide it and i think certainly those are important questions to answer. Congressman adam schiff joining us tonight from washington. Congressman, while we have been on the air, you and i discussing this, a little bit of breaking news has just happened. Were just my control room is telling me that were just getting it in. Its relating to something that we were discussing earlier with the Trump Administration relationship with nato. If you wouldnt mind sticking around for the commercial break, id love to ask you about that when we come back. Well be back with congressman schiff right after this. Sure. Ive found a permanent escape from monotony. Together, we are perfectly balanced. Our senses awake. Our hearts racing as one. I know this is sudden, but they say. If you love something set it free. See you around, giulia we danced in a german dance group. I wore lederhosen. Man. 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So we have some breaking news tonight on this subject of the United States in the trump era and russia and also nato. Reuters has reported within the last few minutes that trump secretary of state Rex Tillerson plans now to skip a meeting next month for nato foreign ministers. This would be his first foreign minister meeting. Dont worry, he wont be housebound. Reuters reporting that secretary tillerson is not going to nato next month but hes now planning a trip to russia next month cht the state department had no comment for reuters. This is not msnbc reporting. This is reuters. Its just broke within the last few minutes. Were back with congressman adam schiff. Thank you for sticking with us. I appreciate it. You bet. The issue of nato and the United States and that was raised in this mysterious dossier from a former m. I. 6 officer as a quid pro quo and the allegation there was that the Trump Campaign knew about russian intervention and cooperated with it or aware that it was going on and what they promised to do in return was to downplay ukraine, sew dissension in stanato. You raised that today in todays hearing. I wonder if that means we should read into that. When you cited with that dossier, should we stop describing that as an uncorroborated dossier . Has some of that been co corroborated . I cant go through the dossier and disclose what weve been able to corroborate or not but in response to the reuters story, i have to hope that that story is not true. Weve already sent a terrible message to nato. The only message that has gotten through is not that we support you, not that we value you or thank our nato allies for coming to our assistance in afghanistan and iraq where nato soldiers have stood by, fought by and died with our own troops but rather pay up. Thats the only message weve delivered. And if Rex Tillerson is going to avoid going to the nato meeting and instead go to moscow, i hope the reason hes going to moscow is to hand back the special order friendship medal he got from putin because thats the only reason tillerson should not be going to russia. Adam schiff, really appreciate your time tonight. I know this was an exhausting day for everybody involved here. Thanks for being with us. Thanks, rachel. All right. It is not wrong, its utterly understandable if you cant stopwatching congressional hearings right now. But i promise you, its just the first course. Wait until you see what is being served up outside of washington. Thats next. Stay with us. Lease a 2017 lincoln mkx for 369 a month. Only at your lincoln dealer. Various shouting heigh ho its off to work we go woman on the gulf coast, new exxonmobil projects are expected to create over 45,000 jobs. And each job created by the Energy Industry supports two others in the community. 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Vern buchanan of florida had that giant town hall facing 1800 of his constituents. And they were not shy and there were a bunch like that over the last couple of days. In michigan, after not holding a town hall for two years, republican congressman dave truck finally faced his constituents. Its quite possible that he was tired of them calling him a chicken. There were only 400 seats inside the Michigan Town hall but about 1,000 people showed up. The people who kwocouldnt get inside that one stuck around in a freezing blizzard. Look at that. They did not leave even though they were stuck out there in the snow. Michiganers are hard core. Also, in a red pocket of northern california, 1300 constituents turned out for a town hall. Those folks were happy to wait out in the rain. The line to get into his town hall stretched for over half a mile. Well over 1,000 people. That red arrow is where the line starts. Also, just north of dallas, texas, republican congressman got an earful this week. We are going to make the changes. We are going to pass the bill and were going to repeal obamacare. [ booi [ booi] [ booing ]. Like i said, not shuttle and not shy. Look at omaha, nebraska. Theres no town hall in omaha, nebraska, but instead, look at this. One of the busiest intersections in town. This is nebraska. People organized in part by their local indivisible group. People showing up, getting in the way. Honestly, it is almost bizarre that the trump agenda, the Trump Supreme Court nominee are being considered right now, steaming towards votes while the president s campaign is the subject of a counterintelligence investigation to see if it kol lewd colluded in an attack against the United States last year. Americans are speaking up about it and trying to effect the course of events. House republicans plan to hold their vote on repealing obamacare on thursday of this week. There is going to be a whip count on that vote. So far, they are confirming 17 House Republicans will vote no on the obamacare repeal. That 17 number is important. If they get to 22 no votes, its dead. Even just in the house. It already appears to be dead once it tries to get to the senate but they could kill it in the house, too. This is a volatile time. This is going to be a very busy couple of days, including this building pressure back home. Watch this space. Special edition . Because, actually theres five. Ooohh aaaahh uh hooooly mackerel. Wow. Nice. Strength and style. Its truck month. Get 0 financing for 60 months plus find your tag and get 5500 on select Chevy Silverado pickups when you finance with gm financial. Find new roads at your local chevy dealer. Youthats why you drink ensure. Sidelined. With 9 grams of protein and 26 vitamins and minerals. For the strength and energy to get back to doing. What you love. Ensure. Always be you. The uncertainties of hep c. Wondering, what if . I let go of all those feelings. 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He wrote a book in 2012 called can t the twilight of the elites. Elite institutions of all kinds were losing their luster in this country. Lead institutions were not just failing, they were increasingly being rejected by the American People. Very interesting thesis, very well reported and argued. Also sounded a little bit of an alarm in that book again, 2012 is when the book came out and warn in the book one of the consequences of the twilight of the elites, twilight of elite institutions including the government and media, one of the consequences would likely be increasing interest in our country in a new form of american authoritarianism. Antielite, antiacademic, burn down the establishment authoritarian impulse of the kind we havent really enjoyed in this country before now. Nailed it. Called it. Four years in advance. Nailed it. That was his first book. Now chris has written a second book. And im also scared of this one. Its called a colony in a nation. Title actually comes from nixon. Comes from nixons acceptance speech of the 1968 republican convention. It was nixons law and order speech. But in that speech he warned against black america becoming a colony within a nation. In his new book, chris takes that argument and turns it completely insideout. Argues that in many ways that is exactly what happened but not the way nixon meant it. And chris argues that this did happen in large part because of how the law has been used to impose order. Quoting from chris, the terrifying truth is that we as a people have created the colony through democratic means. We have voted to subdue our fellow citizens. We have rushed to the polls to elect people promising to bar others from enjoying the fruits of liberty. A majority of americans have put a minority under lock and key. It is a terrifying, fascinating, welltold short, interesting book. Unlike twilight of the elites, though, this one does not necessarily offer us a plan for getting out of it. Joining us now, the host of all in with chris hayes at msnbc, is that unfair . No, its totally fair, yeah, i dont foe. You are lamenting what you describe this colony in a nation phenomenon and its an emotional argument about the idea how it hurts the idea of america and all americans. I dont think youre selling us a way out of it. No, what i think i am saying is we all have to recognize, you know, the way ive been thinking about it as i think about the book, theres a donald trump in all of us. What i mean by that, what he appealed to theres an appeal to the idea of worker. Theres an appeal to the idea of particularly if you were experiencing decline, particularly if youre experiencing a kind of unraveling, theres an idea that, like, we can contain it, keep it over there, we can send in the guards, we can send in the cops and they can keep that disorder contained and you are going to be secure and you are going to be okay. And the appeal of that kind of order is very subtle and its very seductive and very powerful and very universal. I mean, i have felt it in my life. Many a time. Ive felt the siren call that particularly growing up as 12 and 13yearold in new york city when the crime rate was at a peak amount, so before we talk about, like, criminal Justice Policy or policing, like, the deeper truth is an emotional truth about how we, as political actors, respond to these appeals. Yeah. And recognizing the way they speak to us, and i mean this specifically in this context of white people, frankly, how they speak to us and learning to take that reaction and sort of interrogate it. Do we ever get any better in terms of not being driven by fear . And not having fear being the easiest button it is for politicians to push and for, you know, media elites to push in terms of getting peoples attention, getting them to believe that is so it is so hard, right, to overcome that because the fear stuff is located in the brain stem. The first part that evolved. Then all the other stuff in the prefrontal kor tecorterkxt. Here in new york city there was an election to end stop and frisk which that was overwhelmingly ratified and same echos of fear, crime is going to go right back up. It did not. I think that was a sort of powerful and important testimony. Weve seen the inverse. Weve seen the president of the United States warning that america is, you know, misquoting the homicide statistics, were going back to the bad old days, that chaos and violence and ruin are knocking on the door and if we turn away from this very punitive model weve been deploying for 40 years, we will allow this disorder into our lives and that retains its power. I mean, if this election proved anything, its the degree to which that retains its power. On that point, thats one of the very interesting statistical cases you make is that people perceive polling data shows that people perceive there to be an increase in crime every year. Every year. It is not every year that politicians stoke it. That is true. But it continues to increase every year. That is such a great point. I think part of how we the pro project of the book is how do we build the system . The answer is the two parts of it, right, theres actual stuff that happened in the country, we had a huge crime spike in the country. The country got more dangerous and freaked people out in totally natural ways, right . Then politicians took that thing and ran with it and did something with it. What weve seen this year is this politician particularly using this rhetoric that to him comes as Second Nature because this is a product of new york city in the 7 os i70s and 80s. Its not an accident Rudy Giuliani was one of his closest advisers in the campaign, speak to voters in a very specific way and that matters a lot, too. Its coming in both directions. It is i call it in the book, it is a call in response. Yeah. Were wired for it bullt you ha to know where to put the you watch the people jump and see it sort of reflected back. Thats what you see sometimes in those rallies and see it when you go read the newspapers or watch events in large urban areas in the 70s and 80s, like you can turn the switch on. Its enriching political uranium when you do that, one of the most powerful forces in our politics, that kind of fear. A colony in a nation is chris hayes new book. It comes out tomorrow. Really well written. Its emotional, a little bit personal. It is short, a very clear argument. Very well argued. I would say that even if i do t didnt like you so much. Congratulations. Thanks. Much more on msnbc tonight on todays explosive and historic hearing in Intelligence Committee. Right here next what you need to watch for tomorrow morning. Stay with us. Yeah, so moms got this cold. Hashtag stuffy nose. Hashtag no sleep. I got it. Hashtag mouthbreather. Yep. Weve got a mouthbreather. Well, just put on a breathe right strip and. Pow it instantly opens your nose up to 38 more than Cold Medicine alone. So you can breathe. And sleep. Shut your mouth and say goodnight mouthbreathers. Breathe right. Deartheres no other way to say this. Its over. Ive found a permanent escape from monotony. Together, we are perfectly balanced. Our senses awake. Our hearts racing as one. I know this is sudden, but they say. If you love something set it free. See you around, giulia hard to believe when youve got a president Whose Campaign is the subject of an fbi counterintelligence investigation as to whether or not his campaign cooperated in an attack on the United States by a foreign power, hard to believe that somebody facing that kind of investigation gets to nominate someone to the Supreme Court in the meantime, but quyep, thats our country. Today was day one for the hearings of Supreme Court nominee neil gorsuch. Tomorrow the questioning portion of the hearings will start. We dont know what path democrats will focus on with gorsuch. Also the question of why democrats are there at all for the hearing. Today a lot of the democrats on the committee highlighted the fact that president obamas nominee for that seat, merrick garland, never got a hearing in the senate. That question is still unanswered and looming over all of this. Why are the democrats participating in a process that republicans would not allow under president obama . But nevertheless, tomorrows hearing begins at 9 30 a. M. Eastern. You, of course, can watch it all here on live on msnbc. That does it for us tonight. We will see you again tomorrow. Now its time your the last word with lawrence odonnell, good evening, lawrence. Hey, rachel, two big losses this weekend, chuck berry and jimmy breslin. They were the same age