During the sino japanese war the japanese government engaged in a massive biological Weapons Program between 19401943 japan dropped hundreds of bombs infected with deadly germs on 11 chinese cities. As many as 200000 chinese citizens perish. They did initially the attacks on northern cities with plan to take and people did die and then later in the early part of the 1940 s. There were more aggressive attacks where they used anthrax planters cholera and other diseases. Martin for months is a United States pathologist with an interest in medical history in 1998. A colleague sent him a package containing autopsies performed on chinese victims years before i opened it up and they were page after page of these people murdered by biological weapons. It was the 1st time and one of the few times when i looking at it. I could feel palpable evil and there were. Docked with them and discovered that some of the victims of japanese bombing had survived in 2000 to travel today if it is the called make villages for the simple reason that people who were there in the summer of 1942 got rotten eggs when you interview these people you get a very similar story a lot of people started getting boils on their bodies throbbing thing it burst minute it loses pass and blood and continues to be horribly painful and essentially never heal eventually docked at the moment ski concluded that the villagers was suffering from glendas a disease that attacks horses and which for decades had been all but eliminated. The japanese had dropped bombs laden with this pathogen they spread colorado they spread typhoid fever is produced in theory they spread glanders the spread anthrax and they spread plague. Especially doing a biological scorched earth. Perhaps even more horrific than the dropping of germ bombs where the experiments carried out by unit 731. In manchuria. Japanese sent out their secret police had rounded up troublemakers and they would end up at unit 731. 00 as human guinea pigs and they would inoculate them with diseases to see how long they would. They would tie them to stakes and drop bombs out of airplanes to see how well the bombs spread the disease. Theres always an aspect when youre dealing with biological weapons or chemical weapons some extent of extermination the way you would exterminate. After the end of the war japanese scientists who worked at unit 731 were granted amnesty by the United States in exchange for information on the biological Weapons Program the japanese who did bad science killed thousands of people doing it got off scot free and they ended up going back to the universities and became chairman of departments and became captains of industry and and. On happy lives. Successive japanese governments have been extremely reluctant to take responsibility for atrocities committed during world war 2. All the major powers have dabbled in the germ warfare but the british scientists did their grim work here in this Research Establishment they stored a 50 kilograms of bacteriological agents enough to kill every living thing on a the british experimented with typhoid dysentery and cholera testing these pathogens on animals. If youre using a live agent test and this was done out in the ocean in many cases what you would do is tie animals on cages on deck and disperse the agent and see how well it would affect the animals and this was also done for example by the United Kingdom with sheep being tested with anthrax on going out island. World war 2 did not bring an end to biological weapons the cold war heated up providing another excuse to produce this deadly arsenal. Britain france and canada for example embarked on a program experimenting with many kinds of diseases. That awful it would be enough to. Be illegal dose and it was to kill Something Like 50000. 00 people this bottle on the other hand contains a biological agent simulate if that were friends of senator ensign which causes the disease to remain there could be enough in that vault to infect every man woman and child in the world. But it was the u. S. Biological Weapons Program that was the most dangerous it was by far the largest and most ambitious 8 aggressor military leaders know a disadvantage chemical and biological agents cannot afford an early be detected by the human sensory or reactionary. The effect can be deadly to part of the state guard the experimenters dangerous organisms are confined to safety cow but. Using rubber gloves which are sealed to the cabinets scientists can handle deadly cultures and still be safe from infection. With the cold war the United States begins a biological Weapons Program which is twinned with the Nuclear Program i thought unicity of any potential agent is another important criteria. Of course youre familiar with the pathogenicity of the 2 linus talks of a suspension of which is were being tested by intraperitoneal injection of mike. Many kinds of animals were used in us experiments mice rats rabbits guinea pigs and most especially monkeys the restraining boxes used to hold the monkey in position to receive the measured air assault. Be on a horse and pass through a series of air locks and positioned in a sealed exposure chamber commensurate using monkeys who are the monkeys you want but you still dont know at the end of the day whether to make a human sick how much will make a human sick how long the person will stay sick and so you need to have human subjects in order to proof test whether. We went through all kinds of room. Lights we changed our clothes in the scrub then weve got on the elevator and went up to a catwalk in each port hole they had a black a colorful and thats when you went into them they closed the door and thats when we were hooked up to the tube. You can smell it taste it. If you 2nd so poor. Ken jones was inhaling q. Fever a bacterial infection which can result in hepatitis and pneumonia. He is a religious pacifist one of a 2000 Conscientious Objectors who volunteered for operation white coat. You want to enforce where some 600. 00 military and civilian scientists Work Together in research at the Army Biological Laboratories to protect this country against a biological attack that is a silent assault by an invisible cloud that carries disease organism. There was testing on humans often done in a facility at fort dietrich known as the 8 ball which was in l. A. Sion chamber where they could disperse aerosols and see you know how much it takes to infect a human but they were given immediate medical treatment in to the best of my knowledge there were no fatalities. By code volunteers claim that the Us Government assured them that all testing would be for defensive purposes only is making a vaccine to protect you. And make it a hazmat suit to protect you against mass protect you. Lot of hospital procedure come from this operation. What was happening at fort dietrich was not only a defensive program but also an offensive program so. It was research that could be used for either purpose. Here was here controversy about the White Coat Program there was a lot of heat about the biological Weapons Program there were ethical worries that is it that we really want to start a disease that might sweep the country. We just got rid of. Any. Biological weapons that. President nixon had decided that given the success of hiroshima and nagasaki in ending world war 2 Nuclear Weapons with a supreme deterrent the Us Biological alsono was deemed unnecessary in 969 the United States halted offensive biological research and eventually destroyed all stockpiles the idea was that the nation state the us as a nation state didnt need it it had the clear weapons with which we could destroy large numbers of people quite nicely thank you. And that you know that possessing these things would just encourage other people to go. Whitehall april 10th 972 a place from the time of real significance for the future of the world and the people in it in 1972103 nations including the United States and the soviet union approved a convention for hitting the production of biological weapons. The treaty to which these nations have committed. Bind them to stop making biological weapons and to destroy all existing stocks of those most of gusting means of math that the good thing about the biological Weapons Convention is a stablish the norm yet established and or against. Other people would do what other states would do and that this is not that all the. But critics felt the convention was all but useless it had no team it still has no inspection provisions in large part because even before any country put in on paper signing that treaty there was the prevailing concept that it was impossible it was unverifiable the Serviette Union actually used the convention to embark on the largest and most destructive biological Weapons Program in the history of the world and soviet signing. The biological Weapons Convention while at the same time embarking on a huge ramp up of their biological Weapons Program. There are no words to describe just how heinous that type of a government policy is. To syria q new always believed that there was not rules behind these conventions and they believed the divas to. Use the convention. And to develop biological weapons secretly in spite of the commish. If they believed exactly the same. So the 2 could track each of the convention for 22. 00 summers. In a senior soviet scientist and an army colonel worked at version and in the our old sea it was here year after year that the soviet union tested weapons loaded with the most deadly diseases imaginable the Political Year is full of the recipients of the stuff. We should be able to get in really. Real to the. Police resolution to the war to there is still a war. But there were serious be real to the case that year was go home with a 1000000000. Dollars restorable to google is over with this. Sport as the rest of us are but really this ball is it really is a war should you be. A Russian ChemicalWeapons Center a chick county on the river its suspected that chemical and biological weapons are still being developed at sites like this so western satellites have been watching for years. The soviet biological Weapons Program was roughly the same size as the nuclear Weapons Program and it was ultra secret very deeper than. So were talking about roughly 50 facilities and upwards of 50000 scientists technicians thats a lot of technical talent put to ward the development of these types of weapons begins to plants against animals against people. And i think many of us were very surprised at the enormity of the soviet enterprise because i think until the end of the cold war we really didnt understand how big it was and they said this is all for saloon purposes were going to make vaccines organisms for Pesticide Use and so on and thats what theres what they call the legend system that their real purpose and they become by far the biggest biological Warfare Program that the world has ever seen and probably the most sophisticated. In a world where journalism as an industry is changing we have aljazeera are fortunate to be able to continue to expand to continue to have that passion and drive and present the stories in a way that is important to our viewers. Everyone has a story worth hearing to. Cover those that are often ignored we dont weigh our coverage towards one particular region or continent thats why i joined aljazeera. Peace between ethiopia and eritrea has meant a park area skew chance for the iraqi people here if somebody doesnt we have to create farmland for our souls for iraq its a matter of survival. Ill move a train shows us how the iraqi a coping with life on the edge of the border. My if youre out on aljazeera. Rewind returns with a new series and brand new updates on the best of al to see this documentary by the early onion the onion the sweets the hard. To rewind continues with losing louisiana once a Thriving Community now. With murdering above the right on the southern tip of it lies suburban st louis on aljazeera. And omar and taylor nanda are the top stories on our jazeera but heat of israels opposition blue and White Party Benny Gantz says he should be the nations next Prime Minister after narrative gaining monologist number of seats in tuesdays election it appears to have rejected current Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu is offer of a power sharing Unity Coalition making a 3rd action of the year more likely president reagan riven it now has to decide who has the best chance for me a coalition. Should. We listen to all but not surrender to any dictates the negotiations will be led by me responsibly and with reason in order to achieve the best results for all israelis within the shadow of this political situation we will keep to our principles who will be no short cuts irans foreign minister says they will be all out war if the u. S. Takes military action following strikes or 2 major Saudi ArabianOil Facilities amid jeffords or if has denied to tehran had any involvement in saturdays drone strikes but the u. S. Secretary of state says the attack on the refineries was an act of war might prepare is in the u. A. E. For talks after visiting the Saudi Crown Prince on wednesday the u. N. Has also sent a team of experts to investigate the attack canadas Prime Minister has apologized again for dressing up in brown face and black face admitting it was racist Justin Trudeau says he didnt recognize it at the time because of what he called his layers of privilege to photos and a video have emerged of the Prime Minister painted in black face and brown face brown face photos were taken in 2001 when trudeau worked as a teacher in British Columbia a School Dinner that was arabian nights themed to this is former president zena banally has died at the age of 83 he was in saudi arabia where hes lived in exile since the 2011 revolution which kick started the socalled arab spring and ali was president of tunisia for 24 years dozens of people being killed in 2 separate attacks in afghanistan both of which hit the wrong targets at least 18 people were killed in a taliban suicide bombing outside a hospital in Zabul Province or 30 civilians were killed in a u. S. Drone strike in one go home province violence has escalated in the run up to next weeks election and made continues next and ill be back with a news hour after i finish. Sagna ben. Is a professor at George Mason University and an expert on biological weapons she was born in tunisia and studied in france they had several people from teaching. To the western countries by antibiotics that were available at the time and these were used sent back to the former soviet union and used to devil ark pathogens that would be resistance resistant to those antibiotics some of the diseases which the soviet scientists experimented with have long threatened mankind lithuanian born Raymond Zilinskas is a former microbiologist and a director at the Monterey Institute of International Studies nobody thought that anybody with so irresponsible as to be working with smallpox or. Worse and thats a contagious from it spreads from person to person and its very deadly in nature crossed by 30 percent. But with a weapon has probably been stronger and that maybe 50 percent or even higher for so there was horrible and then the circa one i was really awful was a place where the marburg virus the plants which there is no vaccine no treatment its about 80 percent. Of all. Ironically it was soviet citizens themselves residents of the Industrial City of faired lost who discovered how deadly their nations bio weapons were in 1979 anthrax was accidentally released into the air the wind blowing southward towards the city carried the pathogens 60 people died. For 16 years sergey papa of worked as a scientist in soviet lib oratory is creating some of the most destructive weapons ever conceived by mankind after the collapse of the soviet union he immigrated to the United States. I clearly understood that. There was no way around it because the system to gauge people led them wrong. That would be the record the k. G. B. Record. Or wherever you go. The idea was to set up an Automated Research facility to synthesize different viruses so it was a clear attempt. To take advantage of your approaches. And genetic Engineering Design new varieties of infections. When these agents are used by people who get infected develop the symptoms of one piece is and when the physicians try to treat the start treating that person for that disease the treatment triggers the other agent which eventually kills. The person as horrific as this program was unlike in the United States