Arms embargo and hold those who seek to evade u. N. Sanctions accountable today i will take the 1st action under this new executive order by sanctioning the array ministry of defense and Armed Forces Logistics and irans Defense Industries organization and its director. Bank is in terror all and has more on the iranian response to the us sanctions. We had foreign minister say that these new sanctions are nothing new that the intention of the United States was to bring the population to its knees and they have failed but what the real question is how iran will respond to the United States and how the United States decides to impose the these u. N. Sanctions as they see it now within iran this lots of political differences the president has and rouhani and his reformists are defending the deal domestically because there has been some opposition to it but the conservative and hardliners who make up the majority of Parliament Well they want a stronger response if those sanctions are put back in place in fact the head of the commission of Foreign Policy and National Security has said that iran should return to preach a Nuclear State which means that a high level of enrichment more centrifuges more advanced centrifuges should be used and nuclear propellant should be used to aid irans navy and theres also suggestions from some of the conservatives here that iran should reduce its cooperation with the i. A. E. A. In terms of reducing or limiting the amount of inspections that take place but president Hassan Rouhani is very much vested in the. 2015 nuclear deal and hes policy and hes allies policy is wait and see what happens and then looking forward to the u. S. Elections but ultimately irans response will come down to how the United States reacts of what the United States does if they start stopping iranian ships and also how the United Nations and other countries around the world will react if they willingly or reluctantly start to give in to u. S. Pressure and start imposing these sanctions then we could very much see a very tough or a tougher stance a response coming from iran. The United Nations is marking 75 years since it was formed this year for the 1st time the General Assembly will be held virtually because of the coronavirus pandemic opening the event secretary general antonio terrace warned the un was needed now more than ever. Climate. Biodiversity is collapsing poverty is again rising hatred is spreading your political tensions are escalating and Nuclear Weapons remain on hair trigger loads those formative acknowledged use of opened up new opportunities but also exposed new science and the car with 19 pandemic is laid bare the worlds for the jews we can only address them together. European Union Foreign ministers have failed to agree on sanctions against better us official suspected of Election Fraud or playing a part in the recent crackdown a process they use considering asset freezes and travel bans on about 40 people cyprus is accused of blocking the sanctions until similar measures slapped on turkey. As the global death toll from cavan 90 nears a 1000000 the resurgence of the corona virus is forcing some nations to rethink their strategy chief medical officers in the u. K. Warn that without further action new cases could reach 50000 a day by mid october or the us is approaching 200000 deaths oceans monopoly is next asking who owns the seabed to stay with us by. For millenia the oceans lay outside the dominion of. His states influence extended only 3 nautical miles from the coast a little further than a cannonball could travel. But then humans discovered the ocean floor. And 3rd largest land grab in wont history be kept. On tom a fly and im in the bedroom of rodeo should in the north atlantic twice ive sold it twice in small yachts and also crossed in a bottle bug in. The. Union with him when i lived on rockaway in this some people call a Survival Capsule i 1 call it a wooden box its a house like this is my house is a one man house i lived with a 40 days it did the job it kept the window for me i was warm and dry but dont forget im right on the top of the cliff its just straight down to the city. Its home a clean. One of the u. K. s greatest adventure has he crossed the atlantic 5 times the 1st time in a globe and once in a vessel shaped like a beer bottle for his latest trip he sailed for newfoundland trickle in the smallest sailboat ever to cross the atlantic. And. Soon mclean will travel to new york in a boat built to resemble a whale. But it was more than an adventure however. It was a mission a mission done in service to mother england. Somebody said about st kilda and they go in there but so the rock or rock was right there in the middle of the atlantic and there seems to be a dispute who owns it and i thought why if i be a 1st civilian to reside on rock all that would help the case it wasnt quite so good the wind carried their part. They closed in without it. Is very dangerous there now you can see how lumpy is quite dangerous. They were far from ok after that momentary triumph but then dont whack the big the way down i go down there was 54 straight down into the foam flies helplessly into. The landing at 1985. Told him to clean his knife. But he eventually made it to safety and flew in london and getting to the top was only the beginning however Great Britain willing to claim the law because an island it. Happened International Law stipulates at the time must remain there for 21 days old. When the boat turned to go home and leave me for the 1st time. I was glad to see them go i was on my adventure im here with iraq and the birds im happy to be here of the chiefs are making history. Gesture to remind those who may challenge it that brittania ruled these waves. For the u. K. It was about more than just claiming a lump of granite in the ocean the real objective was to secure the resource which a oh yeah oh around last call the islet was to play a key lonely in british territorial claims. The main players in british Maritime Claims work in an office on the south coast of india and. Its a fascinating area of work to do it its theres not often as somebody working in oceans signs that you do get the opportunity to mix both the legal on the technical aspects and see how they Work Together almost in order to develop something on behalf of the state. But we have the United Kingdom to the east and as we further west we passed the rock all rock itself on to the plateau the land area of Great Britain and 240000 square kilometers the area that the u. K. Have submitted for the rock is a 163000 square kilometers. It would be to. My main reason to go to rockall was to inhabited and if i stayed in International Law less than 21 days im only visited i had to stay more than 21 days and by staying there more than 21 days that in fact 40 days it wasnt iraq its an oil and i made it or not and. Local. For the u. K. To claim the Territorial Sea overwhelmed along it had to prove that it was inhabitable yet the eyelids could be easily confused with any walk and tom stay was controversial so controversial that the u. K. Had to put another territory into the mix st kilda the archipelago increase the british crowns claim but 160000 square kilometers st kilda has been deserted ever since its 36. 00 remaining inhabitants left almost a century ago but humans lived there once and they could live there again at least theoretically. What does the u. K. Want with all this water. What do you mean by owning a piece of the ocean. The idea of the ocean has changed over time. The most from the planners to show how the lives and their kotoko has won so all of the worlds back and what they threw to an ocean is very much sure what was important to them and most of. The 41492 before columbus is journey to the americas the ocean as a broad portion of the world surface as a major space that figured into our sense of the globe really wasnt there in the middle ages the world was thought to be a single large landmass a veritable mega continent without ocean. So the ocean really plays no role at all except to show a limit the ocean shows the limit of society and shows the limit of actually of gods kingdom of the kingdom on earth to the east beyond the Ocean Clay Eden lay that the Promised Land lay heaven beyond that there was really nothing baptist. For most of Human History the oceans were projection screens for the imagination of an unexplored and irrepressible the a mighty barrier the place of terror. Despite its dangers the ocean became more and more important over the centuries. As global trade developed merchant fleets transformed the oceans into vast shipping lanes people from past centuries would never have dreamed of laying claim to the ocean for them it was a blue expire. Its formed with dangers and obstacles that needed to be overcome a sailors journey to foreign lands. And of course the 2 dimensional bit is ironic because the ocean is so material a 3 dimensional you know we you step into the ocean you sink. Yet in the 19th and 20th centuries something happened that changed our idea of the ocean for ever the seabed became a place of exploration in 858 as the transatlantic cable was being late engineers noticed variation in the oceans could this be evidence of undersea mountains the 1st Scientific Study of the ocean floor was undertaken by the german survey vessel meteo in 1925 scientists today likened the expedition to columbuss 1st voyage which began the exploration of a towering incognita a previously unknown land over the next few decades a picture of the undersea cosmos gradually emerged. Suddenly kind of developed this new awareness of the seabed of the underneath of course this itself is also kind of a fantasized idealisation of the ocean because youre imagining that you can see through the water column the water is missing from here the fish are missing a subtle way the topography of the seabed is quite literally brought to the surface. Of the discovery of the seabed radically changed our idea of the ocean the ocean was no longer just water it was 1st and foremost a land mass a vast expanse that belongs to no one but the could perhaps be seen just. This man had a groundbreaking idea. The president of the United States harry else truman a man who was imploring war reaching out any other man on earth. How he truman asserted his countrys influence with nothing claiming this ocean was a territory of territory under water that could be annexed just. Part of the United States. Enormous quantities of oil the found in the gulf of mexico but the oil lay beyond the 3 miles island in which coastal states could exercise their song rights truman wanted more he wanted new term a story for the night it states the superpower needed more more oil urgently oil reserves on the mainland no longer sufficed. Our dependence on these minerals and Raw Materials is so fresh and our supply so uncertain that we are moving as rapidly as we can and by every means that ingenuity can devise to expand facilities to step up production find new sources develop substitutes and bring in increased supplies from foreign sources. After to 2nd world war in 1045. 00 then us president truman issued a proclamation. Declaring that the Natural Resources in the. Seabed and subsoil belong to the United States of america. In convincing the world that the american president not only had the will but also the right to incorporate undersea territory truman used an argument that built on a recent discovery some areas of the seabed oceanic others a continental. The us had to have this kind of basis of a jew logical link between its land mass and the land mass submerge and lead to its territory. Andy an idea of the geological Continental Shelf is the basis which the us saw as. A legal basis as well they had to finally end the bases that they found most convincing most of course science. But the. Other big get c. N. N. Not the coast i ever use it most there should be yeah lets encourage 15 year tours like this name years. Calvinists in the us we are by to get. The argument that the continent continues on made up the core of trumans justification this was the more convincing because the historical events that legitimized this theory which by far into history possibly. Do if keep this. Time in. Terms. Of the korean talent their 50 percent efforts by medion minimum. Will feed your cat is a geophysicist at the Alfred Baker Institute in play my husband alfred vega noticed that the coastlines of north and south america seems to fit together with those of you up and africa like pieces of a possible fun indeed carnegie lookee in differ on fonz i. Was just a comment i meant to some. Pianist. In record scientists today believe there was once a supercontinent that at some point began to drift apart in the early 20th century this idea seemed completely preposterous. This being water sanitary. Just. Could turn. Out a democrat kind of supervise and. This is since on the supercontinent on them in the atmosphere to nothing when only outs work and where thats africa the american doctors and indian. Muslim the fungus. And disease to cure the present. Indian see its here. To cost us the con invite not. That. These are but i hear thats where the quote entire. Went on here home is the only planet delegates has a. Up or kunder that condemned. To form yet on this have to be done not evil sausan of the feel of. Gospel. The idea that this submerged land mass is really a prolongation of your land territory you know its who can argue that this would not be partly right territory. The more people became aware of large quantities of oil and gas in the ocean floor the more coastal states tried to claim it for themselves they called for an International Law based on the geological definition of a Continental Shelf yet many states resisted the earths history has not favored each country equally brushless learned how to answer by can share. Finance remind us as if we were fear not part. Africa to acquire a particular made up artist dozens i didnt want importing Context Group or a picture of us learned. To balance out the geological differences that emerged over hundreds of millions of years the nations of the world abandoned the geological definition of a Continental Shelf in favor of a Legal Definition that applies to all coastal states uniformly the godless of its undersea geology every country is granted a Continental Shelf extending 200 nautical miles around to see its exclusive economic zone. So these did they be of these 200 as a magic number became acceptable to many states at the conference but the broad margin states did not accept this because of course they were as far as theyre concerned they would come out as a loser and its not just the us and it also other states such as canada russia is also one of those states so they were not willing to give this up. Ultimately states with a wide Continental Shelf prevailed a clueless with momentous consequences was quietly appended to the law of the Sea Convention the clause in question is article 76 it says that the state can lay claim to his geological Continental Shelf in addition to his legal Continental Shelf provided in the state can supply data demonstrating the shelves outer limits within 10 years. The time limit triggered a veritable wound on the worlds oceans and the largest Land Allocation in world history. For the 1st time in the history of humanity a land grab occurred based not only more on. Traditional forms of cars but rather on geological findings. Scientists have a special role in the case of the ocean because the physical difference isnt as obvious its not as experienced if youre on an island detention no youre on an island you can experience where land meets water i have no idea where the seabed ends you know where the Continental Shelf fans and you know nobody does from every day observation. So i would like to explain you now actually article 76. 00 of the convention actually works and its all about natural. Laws so we have. Actually learned continues under water or Something Like this everything is decided by the point where the continental gradient off at the foot of the continental slope this spot is used to calculate the show outer limits the state can choose between 2 formulas it can extend its borders 60 nautical miles or 180 kilometers from this point seawards tran be more advantageous however to use the sediment thickness because the sediments which need on the mainland the state has a territorial claim to this part of the seabed the thicker the layer of sediment the better according to the think list will the Continental Shelf extends until the point where the thickness of sediment amounts to one percent of the distance from the foot of the slope. Because no one knows the chests understand geological data only thing. Determined to follow the state so when winds extend over the election it paints a commission of banks to re