Big Science, style of scientific research developed during and after World War II that defined the organization and character of much research in physics and astronomy and later in the biological sciences. Big Science is characterized by large-scale instruments and facilities, supported by funding from government or international agencies, in which research is conducted by teams or groups of scientists and technicians. Some of the best-known Big Science projects include the high-energy physics facility CERN, the Hubble Space Telescope, and the Apollo program. The term Big Science first appeared in a 1961 article in Science magazine, titled “Impact of Large-Scale