Save the American Dream that has been there for me and darlene. There is nothing i will not do to get this country back on track. Including being yelled that i my own party. Thank you very much. Coming up on cspan, a discussion on American News coverage and freedom of beach. Then a look at the Major Economic issues of campaign 2016. Later, cspans route to the white house joins the candidates at the iowa state fair. First, wisconsin Governor Scott walker. Ceo ford then former hp carly fiorina. Our road to the white house coverage of the president ial candidates continues, live it from the iowa state fair on cspan, cspan radio, and cspan. Org. At the candidates of walk the fairgrounds and speak at the soapbox. Tuesday morning, republican senator marco rubio at 11 30 a. M. And Governor John Kasich at 5 00 p. M. On wednesday, rick perry will speak at 11 00 a. M. , on friday, senator ted cruz. Saturday, Chris Christie at noon and bobby jindal at 1 00 p. M. Join the twitter conversation at der soapbox. Taking you to the white house. Next, the state of domestic and international News Coverage. Marty baron, executive editor of the Washington Post and Elizabeth Bumiller, washington editor of the New York Times, talks about American Media coverage of the u. S. Global power, and how the internet and financial constraints have impacted their industry. Dartmouth college in hanover, new hampshire. It is about two hours. Marty i have to admit this is a special treat for me today. Because, in addition to being a news junkie, i am a former newspaper reporter and i truly value great journalism. Disruptive,of digital communication, it is gratifying to know that we still have some fascinating, fabulous newspapers, like the Washington Post, the New York Times, the wall street journal, the valley news, among others. Honored to introduce our first speaker. Marty baron grew up in miami. Graduated from lehigh, since then he has been a newspaper man. He has worked at the miami herald, the los angeles times, the New York Times, the boston globe, and since 2012, he has been the executive editor of the Washington Post. Editor of some of these newspapers, particularly the miami herald, and the boston globe, and the Washington Post, his team at these newspapers prizes for pulitzer x once interim for excellence in journalism. The most recent one at the Washington Post was earlier this year when he and his team won the pulitzer for this series on the service lapses in protecting the president of the United States. A great series of stories. Marty is a fine journalist. Interest ina keen art, art museums, and he collects art. Altogether, i am very proud to be able to present one of the best newspaper editors in the nation. Marty baron. [applause] Elizabeth Bumiller thank you marty thank you very much for that kind introduction and i am delighted to be able to speak with you today. I am especially pleased to be able to share the stage with Elizabeth Bumiller. We started our careers to rather in the late 1970s at the miami herald as reporters there. It is wonderful to be with her today. The subject i want to discuss today is a subject that is close to my heart. Iitical to my profession, and believe, vital for democracy, human dignity, and personal liberty. The subject is freedom of expression. The case for freedom of expression was made long ago. Among the most eloquent proponent was john milton and his ideas helped set the course for our own principles today. 1644, milton wrote this give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to concepts. Above all liberties. Today, in much of the world, that liberty is either nonexistent or in jeopardy. Let me start by telling you about two recent encounters of mine. In january of last year, i spoke with the leading figure in the governance of the internet. We talked about surveillance by the National Security agency. Passed soency had voraciously into Internet Data networks. This is a subject that we covered intensely at the Washington Post and for which we and the guardian in Great Britain had one people at surprising 2014. I was interested in what this internet official was hearing as he traveled the world in the aftermath of disclosures that originated with edward snowden. Snowdens massive leak of highly classified documents had revealed some of this nations most sensitive National Security secrets. Reaction,e worldwide until that point, had fallen into the category of outrage. Activists and government officials had defined the u. S. Governments aggression into the privacy of citizens of other countries. Foreign governments protested that even the privacy of president s and Prime Ministers in countries that were our allies had been breached. The nsa had listened in on their phone conversations. As this internet official traveled asia, outrage was not what he heard. What did he hear . Jealousy. Havers told him we excellent computer scientist. Why have we not been able to do this . They aspired to monitor their own citizens as skillfully as the u. S. Government had. That story is number one and now story number two. Early this summer, i was visited in washington by the owners, editors, and Legal Counsel of a looting a leading newspaper in ecuador. Dictating what it prints. Threatening fines. Pressuring Media Outlets in hopes they would become docile, deferential, compliance. This june, the newspaper was fined 350,000 by the government on the grounds that it failed to satisfy all requirements for publishing a response by the government to one of its stories. Indications law provided that individuals who feel that dignity or honor had been damaged by a media report have the right to respond. The newspaper had published a story about Ecuadors Health care system under the headline 1. 7 billion in federal debt impairs Health Care System. The paper had thought an interview with Health Care System officials prior to the publication, even sending a list of questions. The request went unanswered. When the story was published, it was sharply criticized by ecuadors president. Theven questioned statistics. Statistics that as it turned out, came directly from the Health Care System itself. The president s secretary of communications ordered the newspaper to publish a rebuttal which it did. Rebuttal did not it did not carry a headline crafted by the secretary that accompanied its rebuttal. The secretariat ordered its summary published and it ordered its headline published in the newspaper then complied. The headline then read the Health Care System has made progress and will improve even more in the coming years. That, the newspaper now had to pay a fine for alleged noncompliance with a lot regarding rebuttal. The final public to 10 of its average revenue in the previous quarter. 350,000. Otal with each of fence, a fine is doubled. It can continue doubling without limit. Pressure are having the intended effect. 2014, four Media Outlets closed. Largely as a result of this socalled organic indications law. Pressrt, in ecuador, the will either buckle to the government, or the government will break it. The newspaper calls these legal maneuvers creeping expert expropriation. Told showories i something about Free Expression. It can be threatened from many directions. That is what is happening. Not long ago, the world hoped for better. A newmed to be entering era of Free Expression brought about by the internet, social media, and smart with and smart phones. Believed communications with floors in ways that were previously unimagined. Root duringok firm the arab spring which began at the tail end of 2010 with the tunisian revolution. And then spread through the arab world. With protests in egypt against the regime, the world marveled at the impact of social media. How it could be used to organize and facilitate Free Expression. How it might overcome repression. It was a hopeful time for those in believed in liberating the liberating power of technology over the traditional, tyrannical powers of government. Truth moves faster than lies and propaganda becomes flexible. Not only is the network more powerful than a hierarchy, but the Ad Hoc Network has become easier to form. In a book entitled democracies fourth wave, the digital wave and the arab spring, a professor at the university of washington and a doctoral student noted, that social media alone did not cause of people in north africa, but Information Technologies including mobile phones and the ofernet altered the capacity citizens and Civil Society actors to affect domestic politics. To be fair, hopefulness came with caution. The authors of those commentaries recognized that the technology also gave government the opportunity to monitor citizens and ultimately extinguish their voices and their movements. Professor howard noted in one interview that authoritarian regimes had come to value Digital Media also. Security services in iran, saudi arabia, and syria observed how democracy advocates were using social media in egypt and tunisia and develop counterinsurgency strategies that allowed for them to surveillance, and entrap protesters. Just the other week in the Washington Post, we published a series on press freedom and journalists worldwide. Reporters documented how the security establishments of the arab world can now exploit Sophisticated Technology to suppress dissent. That egypt is implementing a social Network Project that allows for keyword onrching and Trend Analysis facebook, twitter, instagram, linkedin, google and other sites. At any time, a minimum of 30 endless will monitor huge streams of data in classical and arabic according to a 2014 interior ministry request for proposals leak to the egyptian media. Andstion now is this it is a big one. Who will prevail in a competition that has each side to Point Technology as tools and weapons. Will it be ordinary citizens and activist waiting to circumvent, undermined, and outwit autocratic governments . The governments that possess the capacity to monitor communications as never before . In their outstanding book, the new digital age, they lean towards optimism. Authoritarian governments they wrote, will find their newly connected populations more difficult to control, repress, and influence while Democratic State will be forced to include many more voices. Individuals, organizations, and companies in their affairs. Noted, how often authoritarian governments will have powerful weapons of their own. They broke, from their position as gatekeeper in a world of conductivity. And outave an enormous power over the mechanics of the internet in their own countries. States have power over the physical infrastructure conductivity requires. The transmission powers. The routers. The switches. Exitcontrol the entrance, points of data. They can limit content. They can even create separate internets. Devicesmay compromised before they are ever sold. Individuals who use Encryption Software to avoid censorship or surveillance or simply to protect their most private information will become objects of suspicion. Authoritarian governments can apply the norm is pressure. They noted that states will be able to set up a random checkpoints to search peoples devices were encryption and software. The presence of which could earn them fines, jail time, or a spot on a government database of offenders. Anyone who is known to have downloaded a circumvention measure could suddenly find life more difficult. They believe that governments will create their own to name domain name system. If the government succeeds in doing so, it would effectively unplug its population from the Global Internet and instead offer only a close to, national internet. Way failsch by the more journalists than any other country, already put filters onto sites. Turkey has blocked thousands of sites and its Prime Minister once ordered twitter shut down. Youtube has been locked in pakistan and the government there has demanded many of hundreds of times that facebook removed content. Ideas, the company unit that exist to support Free Expression, government attempts to censor the internet are seen as falling into three categories. Service hey call serverside censorship. Two knock inconvenient voices offline. Censorship on the wire is never two. It consists of national firewalls to block access to undesirable for an content. Face,an also include leveraging their control of internet servers and providers which try to hide content. In relatively few countries are doing this right now. Third, plant site censorship. This increasingly includes phishing and Malware Attacks to monitor independent journalists and activists. This is becoming a very popular technique for national governments. At the core of the battle over the internet, is a philosophical and legal dispute over who has dominion over the internet. And thus, who should govern it and how. Visiting lawyear, professor at ucla, laid out the issue in the georgetown law journal. Two competing visions of cyberspace has emerged so far. China advocate a sovereignty based model of cyber governments. That prioritizes state control. The United States, united kingdom, and their allies, they argue that cyberspace should be governed by states alone. In the early days of the internet, its creators advocates, protectors, and many of its users argued with no small measure of her bottle that the internet had superseded governments. The internet belonged only to its users they insisted and governments had no role. 1996, john barlow, cofounder of the electronic freedom organization, issued a declaration of the independent independence of cyberspace. Governments of the industrial world he proclaimed, the weary giants of flesh and steel, i come from cyberspace the new home of mine and he and on behalf of the future, i ask of you in the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather. Collided with some inconvenient physical facts. This was noted by some legal willmics including timothy wu. They took on the notion of the internet as a place of its own. The internet after all relies on some fairly monday and things. Underneath it all, they wrote, is an ugly physical transport infrastructure. Copper wires, fiberoptic cables, and routers and switches with direct information from place to place. Governments do regulate the internet. We are now faced with the question of how far they will go in asserting control. Be regardednternet like other domains that fall outside national boundaries, the high seas, outer space, and the antarctica . Words, should the internet be regarded as a global comments, subject to internationally agreedupon norms. Or instead, should it be viewed as every nations airspace that would put the internet under each nations individual total control. The absence of consensus, some countries are not waiting for one. In china, they lead in treating the internet as an internal system that is theirs to roll. Rule that is emblematic of what has become Free Expression in those countries. If there was once a spark of freedom, and there was at least that, it is now being snuffed out. Most russians get their information from statecontrolled broadcast, disseminating propaganda, can be received, conspiracy. One example, after the malaysian airliner went down in the ukraine, intelligence pointed to the troops. Media, alternative explanations proliferated. Each one more farfetched than the next. Russian media claimed that the ukrainians shot down the plane. They claimed that the cia provided help. They asserted that the plane might have been mistaken for Vladimir Putins making it a target. They claimed bodies on the ground were planted there. Chief time, the editor in for russia 24 said this as state tv, our mission is to support the interests of the state. The official opinions art determinative for our programs, for our channel. State control and manipulation of television stations and newspapers is one thing, but the internet in russia has long been largely uncensored. That is no longer the case. Early last year, russian authorities were given the power to block websites without any official explanation. Russianmmediately, opposition websites were blocked. By the summer of last year, speech on the internet was constrained even further. New rules required anyone with a daily, online audience of more than 3000 people to register with russias internet oversight agency. Names, and Contact Details were to be provided. And bloggers would be held liable for anything deemed misinformation. Including an comments from members of the public. Late last year, a new russian log required that data about russian users be stored on computer servers w