Probably a net good thing. Host at the same time its not going to change back to what it was before. Weare where we are so the question is really , there are companies now that in recent comes months, Big Companies and at t was one of them that says were not going to give quarterly updates. We will tell you where we are going, you want to join us, join us but were not going to give you every quarter guidance and predictions. Thats no way to make good, healthy longterm decisionmaking. Host next call comes from symphony cynthia, oak ridge new jersey, you are on tv, please go ahead. Caller mister friedman, i had heard you speak and you talk about Lifelong Learning and i agree with that completely. But i am 63 years old and i have a lot of trouble dealing with the computers and i live on a fixed income of less than 1100 a month and i have tried to teach myself and i just dont have anyone to help me. So how do you direct people like me with fixed incomes and not, who grew up with the technology and to learn these things and be able to continue because its hard even to deal with doctors and medical professionals. Host before we get an answer from mister friedman, do you think you are willing or do you think you are resistant to this new technology . Caller im willing. I would like to be able to be a part of it because its onlyme back, i feel. Host thank you maam. Guest thats a profound and important question, thank you for calling in with that. Theres a couple things i would say. First i would look into whether your local library has courses, just on a basic introduction to computers and online and the other thing id encourage you is if you have a computer, this is not hard to find, though to a site called con academy and its a wonderful introduction book of math but also just history programs and i think you will find its extremely userfriendly. But there are actually a lot of things online. If you put into your computer Free Education courses and scroll down, you will be amazed at what you will find it. But even imagining the basics of the computer, i understand that its difficult. Just consult your local library, your local Adult Learning services and i bet there are worse as you could take that are a great introduction for someone like yourself but your question is important,thank you for sharing it. Host as someone who writes for a legacy newspaper, how has your life changed in the last 10 years or so because of technology . Guest the first time i was on cspan was for a book called beirut jerusalem in 1998. I had a physical researcher, he sat next to me. I gave him assignments and he went to the library and got the answers. With my new book, this one thank you for being late, i had an amazing researcher. Her name was google. He never asked me a question, she worked 24 seven 365. She was free and she found every answer. Thats really the difference. And not only did i google, i found i could simply ask a question like what kind of audience does cspan have . And is cspan in the Book Business . The kind of people who call into cspan and somebody would take me this, sociological studies of your audience. Google is getting deeper, richer all the time. Host last call for Thomas Friedman comes from annette in california. Go ahead. Caller im 76 years old so why should i buy an iphone . Guest good one. [laughter] let me just say one of my favorite lines in the book is from my friend who says when you press the pause button on a computer, it stops but when you press the pause button on a human being, it starts. Thats when it starts to reflect, rethink and imagine. I was on a trip to the middle east with the head of the air force in two days before the end of the trip i left my phone on a helicopter. I didnt have my phone for the last two days and they were the best two days of the trip. I was listening to everybody, i wasnt trying to take a picture of everything. I wasnt randomly scrolling my email. Got you, trust me, you may want it for emergency or to be in touch with your grandkids but other than that you will be just fine. This book celebrates everything old and its all the things you cannot download that youhave to upload the oldfashioned way with good friends, good keeping, good family so god bless you. Host i left my phone on the set and came back down to get it and before i went any further, heres the book, thanks for being late, and optimists guide to thriving in the age of acceleration. Thomas friedman of the New York Times is the author. Book tvs live coverage of the 20 17th National Book festival now continues. Next up is former secretary of the state and author condoleezza rice. Her book is called democracy stories on the long road to freedom. This is book tv on cspan2, live coverage. [applause] and doctor rice is going to be interviewed for us by one of the best interviewers i know who has his own show on bloomberg, our National Book festival cochair and generous reporter mister david rubenstein. Please welcome both of them and thank and enjoy. Thank you very much for coming. Thank you welcome to everybody, thanks for being here. Its a great event, great event. Hard to believe but youve now been out of government for nine years so before we get into your new book on democracy which i highly recommend and lets talk about it in a few moments, tell us what youve been doing is you left government other than writing three bestselling books, this is a third but you are teaching at stanford, and what else are you doing . Ive gone back to my first profession in washington, ive been at stanford since i was 25 years old. I started that as a professor so ive returned to stanford. My appointment is in the Business School but i teach both business and undergraduates, i teach a course on American Foreign policy. Ive been able to do a little bit of work in the private sector, a little bit in the private sector and im spending a lot more time practicing the piano than i did when i was in the government because thats really a great love and im trying to improve my golf handicap, thats a lot harder than playing the piano. You are one of the first two women to be elected to the Augusta National golf club. So was that an honor you ever expected . I was stunned and when a good friend was a member of augusta came out to tell me that iwas being invited , i just sat there dumbfounded and he said you are going to say yes, right . I said yes, i am but i was completely taken by surprise. Tell me, i will tell anybody but what is your handicap . Its not really a state secret. For those of you who are golfers, theres something called an index and you take that index and you go to different courses and depending on the difficulty of the course youestablish your handicap. My index is 11. 6 which means that on most courses on about 13 or 14 handicap. Okay, so did you ever play with president george w. Bush . I have played with president bush on a number of occasions. He plays speedball, really fast, you almost have to run to your belk bowl but yes, we played together. And music, you trained to be a Classical Music pianist and ive seen you perform with yoyo ma among others you do a lot of those concerts anymore . I do at least three concerts a year, i was fortunate to play with yoyo ma at his recent Music Festival at the kennedy center. Youre such a great leave leader david but at least once a year i play a concert with a professional quartet from Boston University and we do a benefit for a charity that we started called classical for kids, it puts Musical Instruments in the schools because i believe like everybody that we need stem. Science, technology and mathematics but im also a great believer that we need the arts, arcades may be closer to the arts. So. I want to focus on your book but people may not know, there may be one or two biographies, you were born and grew up in birmingham. And it was a segregated south and jim crow laws so when you were growing up how long did it take before you realize you were not being the treated the same as everybody else . I grew up in birmingham, the most segregated city in the country at the time. It was the place where the complete Police Commissioner was well known for his brutality toward blacks and it didnt take long to know that your parents who were a little embarrassed that they couldnt take you to a restaurant or a movie theater, they were never people who let us the full community that i grew up in which is mostly schoolteachers, my parents were educators, they never let us feel in any way that we were victims. They always said when you consider yourself a victim you lost control so dont ever think of yourself as a victim. They also said youre going to have to be twice as good. They didnt say that as a matter of debate, they said it as a matter of fact because education was supposed to be your armor against prejudice. But i remember the very first time i really came home i went to see and you know how it works, you take a kid and a santa claus would stick it on the knee and says what will you have for christmas . This santa claus was taking the little white kids and putting them on his knee and holding the little black kids out here to talk to them. And my father who was a former football player, my bad dad was spring, 240 he said to my mother, angelina, if he does that to condoleezza i am going to pull all that stuff off of him and expose him as the cracker that he is he said. What happened . So youre this little girl and you are five and its santa claus daddy. How is this going to end up . Santa claus must have read my fathers body language because when he came to me, he put me on his knee and said what would you like for christmas . I remember that was the first time i thought this is really terrible and over santa claus of all things. One of the things that might have been unusual is you had an unusual first name, where did that name come from . Condoleezza is my mothers attempt to anglophile condo test which is an italian means your sweetness. I dont know, maybe she was the boat here but thats what it meant. And her name was angelina and i havent uncle, i have an aunt genoa whose one of the southerners we call vanilla but i think that she wanted an italian and she first started about on dante but that meant walking slowly so that wasnt so good, alendronate fast, that definitely wasnt good so she came up with contessa and i look isa. All both your parents moved out of birmingham back to denver. And you ultimately went to school at university of denver where you graduated phi beta kappa. And then you went to notre dame. And then no cheering or anything, you are a graduate student. I love football, are you kidding . Of course i went tonotre dame, everybody does. You went back to university of denver. And then you were recruited to stanford, is that right . And your specialty was opiate and russian. Why did you happen to pick . It wasnt the normal thing you might say i was a failed music major. I started in college as a piano major. I studied piano from the age of three, my grandmother taught piano so i learned young and about the end of my sophomore year in college, i went to the aspen Music Festival school and im 12yearolds who were teaching me to learn and i thought i was about to end up with a piano bar someplace playing for a huge and so i wandered back with no major and i took the class, International Politics taught by a man named Joseph Korbel who was Madeleine Albright father and all of a sudden i knew what i wanted to be. I wanted to study easter Diplomacy International and that took me then into International Politics as a major and ultimately as a degree. I dont know if telling the story that the father once said that his favorite student was you. X and she was surprised that you had been there, she had known that for a long time to put your academic career in stanford and you got involved in the George Herbert walker bush administration, served in the National Security council x its a really important story because there is this notion that we sometimes have that i got there on my own, nobody gets there on their own. Theres always somebody advocating for you, working for you and for me, broke the law who had been National Security advisor to gerald ford came up to stanford to get to talk and i was a secondyear professor at stanford and got to know me and he said i want to know you better, i like your work and i was getting new known for my work on the military. So he started taking me to the conferences like the Aspen Strategy Group and he really meant for me into the field and i often say theres another lesson in that, we also say you have to have role models and mentors who look like you. Its great if you do but if ive been waiting for a black female soviet specialist, id still be waiting and instead, my role models and indeed my mentors were white men. They were men, those were the people who dominated my field so i always say to my students, your mentors just have to be people who believe in you. And who see things in you that you dont necessarily see in yourself. So he helped you get a job on bush 41. When george bush was elected he asked me to be a National Security advisor and he told me, he said this is 1988 remember, he said the son of gorbachev is interesting in the soviet union, the president going to need somebody to help them sorted out, you want to be the soviet . And i got to be the white house soviet instructor by the end of the world war. You speak russian . I do speak russian. So after that administration is over, you went back to stanford again when george w. Bush was running for president , how did you get involved with that . I was the operating officer of the university and a happy academic. So George Hw Bush called me and he said you know my son was governor of texas, hes thinking about running for president and id like you to talk to him about foreign policy. I spent a couple days with him and after he asked me to organize his foreignpolicy campaign and thats how i got involved with george w. Bush. Were you surprised he asked you to be the National Security advisor at the beginning of that administration . At the time he got to his election i figured i would go into the administration and National Security advisor, ive been on the council before. How many women has served as National Security advisor before you . Not. [applause] okay. Lets talk about this book. Why did you feel compelled to write a book about democracy . In many ways i wanted to write this book for a long time because it is in some ways and expression of my own life. I am a Firm Believer that there is no other system that affords the kind of dignity did that human beings crave then to be able to be free from the mouth of the secret police, to be able to say what you think, to worship what you please and most importantly to have those who govern you have to ask for your consent. Growing up in segregated birmingham where my parents and relatives were half citizens, it still fundamentally believe in the democracy, i make one story in the book, i was with my uncle and he picked me up from school and it was election day in alabama and i was three years old or so and i knew in my own sixyearold way this man George Wallace was not good or black people. There were long lines of people going in to vote. And it was segregated of course because they were all black so i said to my uncle if all these people vote, then that George Wallace cant possibly win. And my uncle said no, he said we are a minority. George wallace is going to win anyway. And i said to him, so why do they bother . He said because they know that one day their votes will matter. And i never forgot that. And i thought as i wrote this book of the extraordinary tory of the United States of america and its constitution that was given to america by its founders, these highminded words about quality. And yet the country is born with a birth defect of slavery. But how this same constitution that had once countered in the compromise my ancestors 3 5 of a man would be the same constitution which i would take the oval office as a 66 secretary of state. Under benjamin franklin, sworn in by a jewish woman, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and that to me is the story of democracy. You point out in the book that you are africanamerican but actually 30 percent of your bloodline is white. 40 percent of my bloodline is european. And what percentage agent . Its something other, some other. In birmingham, the one girls that were killed in the bombing, were they people that you knew . Absolutely and birmingham community, particularly professionals was too small and denise mcnair, one of the four girls in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in september1963 , have been in my fathers kindergarten, ive done kindergarten with her and theres a picture of my father giving her her kindergarten diploma. Father was the photographer at everybodys wedding. Wedding Birthday Party and so yes, addie may collins had been in my uncles homeroom. At l and i remember saying that they got monday when they went back to school, they went to an empty chair. So yes when that happened, did your family say we should move out of here . I do remember the first time being those in my parents eyes about what to do to protect me. But no, we stayed there. Birmingham began to change and again, its a story of democracy. That same constitution would be used by the naacp and Thurgood Marshall and others starting all the way back and i cited in the book with a model report, 1937 and they would sit there on friday morning an