Works and what drives our behavior than we have ever had in the history of humanity. That breakthrough was delivered thanks to our brain scans. I did not believe that i was going to afford that for my brain scanning machine. I looked for a different tool in a different needs. To understand how they are quantifying. And understanding characteristics of somebody. I have typically applied this business quite honestly. My most profound interest has always been in politics and starting in 2004 both the for the New York Times for cnn i began to diagnose the candidates who are occupying or running for the white house. That has been something that has been done persistently since. And with the election of donald trump in 2016 in all of that conservation of that raised in certain quarters i decided that time was there to investigate president s greatness in office perhaps less successful ten years in office. The book that i will take you to. The first part is indeed benchmarked to how president ial scholars had tended to evaluate and rank the president s from one to 44. The middle section i take on all of the president ial debates going back to nixon and kennedy looking for the correlations between those candidates on the debate stage and whether or not they will gain and lose traction. Im looking if theres a correlation between the style of governance. Will they tend to be dictators will they be more a democratically inclined. I made it by Freedom House which i did not know of. Gone through systematically yearbyyear country by country and understood what was a level of democracy in that country. By tracking which leisures were in office. It is a painful procedure. Looking for their governing sows and how it ranked in that. That is my background. Take you through some meat readings and comments. Our president is exactly is not exactly modest. Im a star out this evening with donald trump. I think you can be a little bit surprised by the first thing that i get a tell you. This is the donald. A lot of you are probably can i think that the emotion that most distinguishes donald trump is anger. Im not saying hes not angry but the emotion that most distinguish him is instead sadness. This is quite interesting because after all just last week if youre not happy you can leave the country. Donald trump is actually the most happiest president we have ever had. I will keep explaining the tool as we go. Facial coding starting with none other than Charles Darwin who was the first scientist to take motion seriously darwin comes to realize that in your face you best reflect and communicate your emotions. This is not phonology. If you have a lower brow that means you are criminal type. Im not looking for a permanent mark. Im not looking for your school size or Something Like that. Instead im following a professor named dr. Paul ekman. In paul working with the colleagues in the school of medicine in San Francisco a verve course of 15 years systematically figured out which muscle movements he believed to correspond to seven core emotions. When were talking about sad because there are certain things you look for. The easiest one that you can all look at. Rodeo clowns are painted. They drew. So donald trump does show droops at times. But even more persistently what donald trump also shows is the chin will jot upward. It is a look of sadness it is frankly a look of disgust in anger. The other two emotions that are was prevalent. Just solely devoted to sadness. It is when you get a wince in the cheek. And you get this a wince of Charlie Chaplin who was very prone to this expression so donald trump is a man full of grievances quite honestly. And thats really where a lot of the sadness comes from its interesting. Sadness normally it will slow you down. Ive done work for sports teams. My advice to them. You dont really want athletes who are tremendously sad it leads me to the question why is donald trump sad. Heres what i head for you on this. Be a killer, big await beyond a hard driving father what else might explain the sadness. Like nixon yes. Trump have a brother die young but they werent that close. Could it simply be that extreme narcissism means that the very stable genius as he describes himself as doomed to fail endlessly let down because he cannot secure universal acclaim. So i found one auditor call from one person in new york who went back and interviewed practically everyone from chumps childhood and what they talked about was an endless need to distract himself. It was either through a claim through deals or through. From the deepseated psychological wounds which as best is best as i can tell. Goes back to very domineering father. He just could not quite ever went into his camp. And has been list attempts were thwarted he tried all sorts of things to get his fathers attention. Often acting out. Trying to impress him with his accomplishments. Whatever the case may be. That was a constant game that was being played. What we can see here though is that he was in various stages of feminist. Anger is hard to say its something that distinguishes a truck. It actually shows in nine different ways. There are some people who will show a considerable amount of anger almost to the point of being monolithically angry. Im not saying that he is intensely angry. I am saying what distinguishes him is an unusually large volume of sadness. These would be the other 44 or 43 president s. That is the first slide. Speaking of sadness and you may not be able to read this a manager to help you as we go here. If we move on to sadness this is the emotion that most correlates to failure in office. It wasnt just sports it often tends to be true in politics longevity in office. Its not like a sports arena. It certainly the networks the pundits and everybody else who is paying attention. So sadness is interesting for several rea. Heres what i need to complicate the story a little bit. Weve a fairly strong correlation here. You also had to look at what is being second most prevalent dominant emotion for somebody. And this is what distinguishes the donald from honest abe. The second strongest emotion for Abraham Lincoln is happiness. Socially into different forms is the strongest correlation to success in the white house. What happiness allows you to do essentially as we know now from psychology is that happier people tend to get to superior solutions more quickly. They are more open to brain storming. So prior to my book there is one other book that matters to me and it was to psychologist and interviewed interviewed a great number of historians they went into him and said if they knew the president or president s while. They ask him to raise the big factor. These are personality traits. Openness to experience. Openness to new ideas. Lincoln did very well on openness. Donald trump does terribly on openness. So the other emotion beside sadness is happiness. There was a lot of things that did not go while in his life are were not going while in the country. Lincoln also brought some levity to it. Some self depreciating humor. Those who advocate for it. And then you can decide if you want to continue to advocate for it so strongly. That is not the sort of humor that we get from donald trump. There is something that is at the opposite end of the strict spectrum. You close down your rattle. Your difficulties because you suffer from neuroticism. As i mentioned in the book napoleon while hes rude treating from russia mud is the fifth element element. Its the mud. With the exception every other president on this list for sadness has neuroticism is either their primary or secondary there are two other people here who are probably the president s that trump has the most definitive four. Andrew jackson is second here. And and you Andrew Jacksons other emotion is anger. The largest correlation success. You are approaching and tackling. Youre taking on issues. Jackson did have that quality of anger. The other person here is nixon. There is no portrait of nixon and the white house. This is the person he actually went to and met after a nonprofit fundraiser in houston many years ago. Obviously when nixon was still alive seeking advice about running for the presidency. After i saw a documentary all those many years ago he sat down and but hold nixon for the entire evening. Every likelihood that trump was going to make this endeavor. I did want to move to a happier note for a moment. The joy in particular the highest level of happiness where you get the twinkle in the eye. The single strongest reliable indicator of happiness. Weve only two president s. One of them is actually trumps predecessor. I thought i would read a little bit of a summary about taft to help you along. This is on william taft. They could nevertheless be pegged as a big softy. When they became public foes he burst into tears telling a reporter roosevelt was my closest friend. Taft took losing the white house in stride. Having been pushed to take at the job in the first place by both his dad and wife. When wasnt he focused on the lot. His passionately elsewhere he was the first president to play golf and the man that created the addition of the seventh Inning Stretch in a baseball game. He probably loves that two until he got stuck in one and it took six months of pull them out. Taft was not big he was huge. He weighed 332 pounds as president. Only the cow that he kept on the white house grounds was bigger than he was. I joke around town was that they were a real gentleman. He gave his seat to three ladies. When they offered him that cant chair of constitutional law here piled that a soft is so far up law would be even better. As i suggested. With happiness you tend to be more open to compromises more interested in the softer style interacting with others. Lets leave behind the first part of the book. This head to do with president ial greatness. Obviously we can get into a number of factors later on when we are talking about that during the q a. The second part of the book has to do with president ial debates. My argument was that we need to level set regarding what the voting public nose. A woman approached them on the campaign trail and said to him gushingly. Every stinking american will be voting for you. Yes maam but i need a majority. If you have seen anything from jay leno to other comedians who do the person in the street routines. Im not trying to make fun of anyone. There is a fairly large plaza the of information. When people model how the campaign is can ago. I admit that i smile perhaps even smirk a little bit in response because i dont really think that that is reality in terms of where the voters are coming from. I wanted to start off with just reading you a few statistics that reinforce my point regarding this. Im not trying to shoot fish in a barrel. There are some fairly amazing statistics here. 75 percent of americans cant name all three branches of government. 75 percent. 60 of americans dont know which countries we fought in world war ii. 50 of American College graduates dont know how long the terms of u. S. Representatives are. Now were talking college students. 20 of americans. Believed the right to own a pet is enshrined in the First Amendment the constitution. In the last 110 percent of American College graduates once again think that judge judy is a member of the u. S. Supreme court. I mention that when you are imagining that this is this wellinformed series of arguments that are presented. I dont think so. I think it is certainly the gaffes, the jokes and a lot of other things. And president ial debates it is the taller person who tends to win. About two thirds of the time. It is even more reliable than what you might think is that the happiest candidate wins since weve spoken in terms of the american dream. Its not that. It is in fact not only being taller is a particular form of happiness that is shown on the stage that gives away a lot more about whats going on. So before i get there. I wanted to move to the first and most seminal of all of the debates because it is that debate that has been disk mistaken at times. Just before i set it up to go to nixon and kennedy had brought us three firsttime events. The first president ial debate was never held. The first televised debate. In the first president ial debate remembered for a blunder by one of the candidates. In august he have badly injured his knee and spent two weeks in the hospital. He showed up for the first debate with a temperature of 102 20 pounds underweight. Sporting a 5 00 shadow. Nixon and then compounded his sickly status by refusing to wear any makeup after john kennedy had refused makeup. What nixon did not know was that his younger opponent then have makeup suit secretly applied anyway. Now were talking about the first debate and in leading into that i want to get to one other first regarding the first president ial debate. As the first blunder by a pundit so in his lifetime he wrote his making of the president president serious. And here is what he said about the first president ial debate. The journalist author of the latest Campaign Series the link making of the president yes white got one part correct. This one was glowering and occasionally haggard looking. Its a bit of a modifier. Out of place. To say that kennedy was calm and nervous and appearance compared to nixon was tense almost frightened is the boat. Its to miss the boat. That blunder has to do with the fact that actually it was kennedy not nixon who was the more frightened candidate. Of the debate. After all. Nixon had been the Vice President for Vice President for the past eight years. He had traveled widely over seas. Indeed during the first debate. Whenever there was a question involving foreign affairs. Kennedy started to show fear. Look at those sports jackets. Look at those wrinkles and sleeves that he has. The lack of looking crisp and ready to go. Nixon was quite before lauren for the evening. Although callet kennedy had Kelly Kennedy had a problem with fear you also offset it with a good deal of happiness lets talk about fear a little bit because it for those that dont recognize fear its an important emotion quite obviously. Is the eyebrows pinched together. That could also show sadness it can also show a bit of anger and concentration. But when you see them pinched together. That is a very reliable call for fear when the corner of the mouth pulls laterally. Is not superwide. And you combined with the arching and wrinkles pulled together eyebrows it is one of numerous incidences in the debate when nixon was less afraid than kennedy. I have a very famous relative clint help. He was the secret Service Agent who jumped on the back of the limousine. Its why he knew of the entourage is extremely well and he said yes kennedy was tremendously elated after the debate. And he was tremendously nervous going into the debate. You go back to the footage when they were told to stand up and get out of their seats and moved to the podiums. Actually kennedy was the more disordered to gantlet of the two candidates. We are so used to him having his press conferences on this occasion his nerves meant that he actually could not figure out where he was going. More ready to plunge in on that occasion. There are only 14 debates that really mattered in the end. They moved them by at least 3 . I started out trying to get to this issue. From when the campaign started to the end of the campaign. And take the two or three debates into account. I could not get to any emotional algorithms that way. They were certain campaigns when one candidate made at blunder. And then in the making of eve and each other out. If you look at those 14 debates and really make a difference now im in a to go back to talking about happiness the single smartest thing that a candidate can do in a debate as to show a smile but its an ironic smile. They are showing the smile and making a depreciating may be savagely ironic comment its a very nice way to dismiss them. Bill clinton used to do this. They were kind of pitiful and pathetic it was a way of emasculating his opponents which in those days were all men that he was facing. Skepticism is that way of taking it to someone. You are stabbing it gently into your opponent. And to other forms of happiness satisfaction and pleasure also work nicely for projecting exuberance and so force on the stage. Voters like winners. And that happiness combined it tends to work the one on a motion among the emotions that proved to be effective on stage im not really convinced by t it is fear. The reason it is their most of all is kennedy survived fear and win the election. The other is primarily reagan in 84. Call it the onset of alzheimers already, reagan was on the ropes, Walter Mondale help him by not doing so well in the debates. Reagan got through. And got reelected. If you moved to the negative emotions that do not help you in a debate the strongest is joy. What mondale did in 84 was try to overcome his fear by showing the most amazing collection of joyful smiles. He smiled when reagan came back with i wont use your use against you, he smiled at using jokes like rogers and a disorganized party, showed joy when talking about groucho marx, time and again Walter Mondale was a decent man and tried to go to george reset the stage and be as lovable to voters as reagan and got punished in terms of how the states turned out and any other candidate tending to go to joy who has not been effective. A more modulated version of happiness that equates to the dignity of the office, seems to have performed typically enjoy. On the other hand anger which is good for being a president tackling a problem does not do so well. People dont want to see somebody coming on too strong, makes them dislike them. The old joke of i want to vote for the candidate you want to have a beer with, you dont want to have a beer with a hothead ready to start a barroom brawl because it doesnt work out so well. Then go down to contempt and discussed dont have a factor either way. Now something that cant be in the book because i released it in april, democratic debate in late june. I have a word in the book about the Democratic Candidates, we can talk about that in the q and a but i want to take you through this. There are too many candidates. Those in the first position on either side, i took them out. If they polled 12910 to make things simpler for us, people who might have a chance to get into the white house those are the ones i am concentrating on. What i am showing you is which candidates were dominant and stood out from the pack for the motions i talk about. Amy klobuchar is on this list three times over. It was not her best evening. The occasion may be a bit bigger than she was prepar