Korean peninsula and the broader region it is very easy, i think, to succumb to the temptation to be pessimistic. In fact, as we sit here in washington today it seems like there is all kinds of reason to be pessimistic. We seem to be facing on the home front a variety of challenges and we are in the midst of renting president ial impeachment process and the broader country seems to have deep cleavages societally and we have a big problem with mutual distrust in the country and when we look abroad internationally the headlines we are reading this morning suggest we might be on the brink of a very dangerous war with iran and last week we read about the element of Hypersonic Weapons in russia and coupled with the demise of arms control and the return of Great Power Competition it looks like the world is getting ever more dangerous. Even American Relations with some of our longstanding allies seem to be strained to the breaking point. I need hardly tell you all experts on korea that the news out of the peninsula is hardly encouraging these days. But if there is one lesson i think we can take from the past several decades it is that wise leaders and creative experts can manage and reduce the dangers that we are facing internationally. Here in the United States we overcame domestic vitriol and violence that we faced in the 1960s during the vietnam era. We managed to avoid Nuclear Catastrophe with the soviet union and in the cold war peacefully. We helped germany to pivot from being a potential nuclear battleground into a united regional leader and we transformed our relations with vietnam fundamentally. None of these problems at the time seemed any less daunting than the challenges we seem to face today in the world. Even though its tempting to stand aghast at the dangers that we are facing to marvel at the problems that confront us. We need to remind ourselves that its not our job to contemplate the problem just for the sake of being scared. Our challenge as experts is to think creatively about these problems and to understand the opportunities that are hidden amidst the dangers that appear so obvious. And to use our expertise in our understanding of these problems and to identify and take advantage of opportunities that are there even if they are not evident on the surface and so i look forward to hearing your ideas today about these challenges. I want to thank harry our senior director for korean studies and for putting together such an impressive agenda today for discussion and for gathering such an Impressive Group of experts today. I look forward to hearing your ideas and i want to introduce harry who will talk more about the specifics of todays events. Harry, thank you. Good morning everyone. Thank you all for coming. Welcome back to dc if you are just coming back and i know everybody this is the type of year where everybody takes extended break and comes back and we have congress in session today so thank you for spending your money and may be your afternoon with us. I will keep my comments very brief. Im just getting over bronchitis i promise im not contagious. But i do after about speaking for about five minutes lose my voice and i want to give these guys a great panel and moderate that. I will keep it brief and short. Welcome to all of you. Welcome to those watching is now on cspan2. Our event north korea in 2020, fire and fairy or path towards peace. Very important. This event is cohosted and sponsored by a generous grant by the Korean Foundation and i wish to thank them for all the support and great efforts in this area. Great to work with them and we appreciate that partnership. What we want to do today i think is very straightforward. Over the course of three different panels in a lot of different speakers and different perspectives and different ideas to get a sense of where things are going to go with north korea in 2020. Look, its an open question of where this goes and obviously the International Arena moves with events outside of the Korean Peninsula and as george indicated we have a lot of problems that are in the middle east with that death of the general and people have questions about where trump Foreign Policy is going at the moment so those are things that will factor into issues on the insula peninsula. I think i was at the scene for a moment and talk about things where they stand on the peninsula right now and then i think we can move forward into the keynote address. At the moment we have north korea that continues to build material and they may have enough to sell material from anywhere 3065 Nuclear Warheads and i think thats up for dispute and we have a u. S. North korea policy that unfortunately is essentially stagnant and we dont have a clear understanding of where the Trump Administration wants to go in the next couple of weeks and months and as many of you know we are under a situation where the president has been impeached and there will be a trial in the senate and its hard to understand where trumps Foreign Policy will go because of this. Lets stay stagnant for the month or next two months and its tough to save it on the other hand we have to factor in what kim jongun will do. Will he for the next six, eight, nine months hold back missile testing or new clear testing and try to gauge will trump be reelected but we dont no, these are open questions that i think we have to sort of factor in. Also we have other events happening in south korea we have elections that are coming up and does this limit president s ability to try engage more with north korea and does eat pivot to more domestic issues with the south korean economy and looking to grow more in the coming year. I think these are all very much open questions. With that let me get to the procedural things that will happen today but all of you are pretty much think tank events experts but i will lay these things out anyway. Obviously with the amount of cameras in the room today we are on the record so keep that in mind. As you can see by the itinerary doctor moon will open up everything and i will introduce him in a second but then we will go into our panels. Three panels today in each one of our panelists starting off with jessica they will speak ten15 minutes and then we will go into the classic q a. One thing i asked during q a is while we may know each other our Live Audience on species cspan does not know you. If you can give your name and affiliation that is important so everyone has an understanding of where you are coming from. Your news outlet or whatever. And after our panel we will have coffee breaks and a one hour lunch break and move into the afternoon session for it with that i will introduce doctor moon. Many of you know him quite well and over the last year, 18 months ive gotten a chance to know him myself. Hes been one of the architects of south koreas sunshine policy in a previous progressive government and out in the government of and special advisor to president moon. I will have to ask him if he speaking under his personal capacity and im sure he will clarify that but its great to have you here, doctor moon. We look forward to your remarks. Thank you, harry. I speak for myself not for the government. Let me clarify that. Harry, you made the topic of my talk as president moons piece challenges and opportunities. I will try to sum up these policies and challenges. His what is government is facing in lesson 20 minutes and then we can have an open discussion. President moon was inaugurated on may 92017, 1st year 2017 was nightmarish year. It was worst for him but in 2019 he opened a new horizon of peace by holding three summit talks with german kim jongun in. Then 2019 [inaudible] he is facing major stalemate with ups and downs. If you look at the korean history it was a history of a roller coaster. One year good, other year bad and we have constant living under uncertainty. Going through the ups and downs he made it clear that his goal is to make Nuclear Weapons free peaceful and prosperous Korean Peninsula. In doing that he set the four major principles. First principle is [inaudible] that has been the fundamental pieces of his policy line. Obviously hes a refugee from north korea during the korean war and he himself witnessed the tragedy of the war. He wanted to avoid war for whatever that means. Second, no nukes. He wanted Nuclear Weapons free of Korean Peninsula and supported peaceful use of Atomic Energy but opposed the transfer, testing of Nuclear Weapons. He speak to 1991 joint declaration of the creation of the Korean Peninsula. Weve been abiding by that declaration of north korea and it has not been abiding by that declaration. Therefore that leads to a second principle. Third visible is that the new regime change north korea and he wants to build confidence with north korea. Once you have new ways of communicating with north korea. He made it very clear when he gave a speech at that [inaudible] he still abide by that principle. Finally he want to come and they believe the economy believed on the economy and they if we incorporate together we can really seek, and prosperity those are the four principles. Then he has laid out for major strategies. First strategy is the strategy of peacekeeping. Peace keeping that surpassing the possibility of war through military deterrence and strengthening of our alliance. This idea of peacekeeping really erodes out of the crises in 2017. It was kind of past dependency for government but he strongly believed that one way of presenting more is having a defense capability. He believes in the utility of alliance with the United States. Second strategy is the peacemaking strategy. He wants to reduce tension with north korea and wants to build confidence with north korea and he wants to adopt an end of war declaration. He wants to transform the armistice agreement into some sort of Peace Agreement or treaty. He wants to sustain a viable peace regime under the Korean Peninsula. In fact, that has been one of the most important policy strategies of the moon governments. Third, hes interested in peace building. Peace building refers to the elimination of codes of war under the Korean Peninsula but he believes the piece economy can lead to peace building. If north of south korea make a corporation and if they agree to come up with some kind of arrangement through which peop people, goods and services can move freely across the tmz and north and south korea can pursue common prosperity president moon strongly believes there wont be any more on the Korean Peninsula. In a sense it is like hes [inaudible] trading states do not fight each other. Finally, he emphasized proactive diplomacy. Korea has been sandwiched between china and the u. S. And between dpr k and the United States and he wants to pursue more proactive diplomacy. He wants to be a mediator, facilitator, arbitrator, or pacesetter. Therefore he does not want to be a passive dictator to changing external [inaudible] but he did it in 2018. When there was a complete between the u. S. And pyongyang he played a crucial facilitator between washington and pyongyang. Those are the four major strategies of the government peace initiative. Then other challenges and opportunities that you clearly saw and witnessed the new horizon peace particularly april last year. I was there and saw the great positive piece under north and south korea but they adopted a military agreement on september 19 and pyongyang and there was article one of that decoration and since then there was no conflict. Last year chairman king showed up in west coast and ordered the test exercise of missiles that was perhaps the only violation of military agreement adopted [inaudible] there has been a sense of progress but overall the government is facing several llamas and challenges. First is the drama of peacekeeping. Of a way of enhancing peacekeeper ability he was strengthening deterrent capability and then our government has been purchasing f35 fighter from the United States and we have secured the global hope High Altitude on the drone surveillance and devise and we will be spending almost 50,000,000,000,001 there is a slightly larger than defense spending of japan in this year. Most koreans are angry about it and most say we agreed to view the constant north korean is saying that the south korea not sick in the military buildup. But because of what happened in 2017 there was the decision made by the previous government he had to follow in defense capability strengthening in the line. Therefore the idea of peacekeeping is self defensive but north korea does not put that in the way and they think its offensive which is well orchestrated with the United States. Therefore peacekeeping has been backfiring and peacemaking is proposed of parallel approach of peacemaking but we are not making any progress in recommendation and they have become stalled. Of course, we are maintaining september 19 military agreement to some extent. However, we are not able to adopt the end of war adoption and no discussion about the transformation of the armistice agreement into some sort of peace treaty along major stakeholders and we talked about peace regime but we havent really touched peace regime therefore peacemaking is undergoing major difficulties. Peace building in order to have a peace building we got to have what this economy is working and in order to make it work then they got to have north korea but International Sanctions prevent south korea from engaging with north korea. For example, president moon strongly desired to have Railroad Connection reconnected between north and south and even he had groundbreaking ceremony in january last year but Nothing Happened after words. He wanted to reopen and mount a project again, because International Sanction regime he could not do. The North Koreans argued that the south korea has not done anything to north korea. Therefore hes having a hard time pushing for the idea of peace building through piece economy. Proactive diplomacy, contrary to what conservatives and south korea have been criticizing we have been [inaudible] we have been 100 coordinating with the United States. We have shown 100 transparency to the u. S. With regard to exchanges and corporations. As a result of that relations have become completely frozen and we now have a dilemma that what should we do if the United States cannot make breakthrough in its talk with north korea . I do not know what will take but [inaudible] if the u. S. Fails to reopen negotiations with north korea and come up with some kind of settlement with north korea the supporters and south korea should take independent action and if i would say we are now going through critical time. South korea is a democracy and we need to continue with his supporters and if president moon cannot deliver to his supporters that he will face political dilemma. [inaudible] even he will give you your speech that in washington i will say that he emphasized will rely on the night states in the north korea problem but i dont know to accent he can really go along that line. In conclusion i will say that is Korean Peninsula has been bold, ambitious and timely but hes encountering an almost challenges and facing numerous impediments. Can he overcome them . I dont know but hes already can communicate with the United States and come up with a common strategy to solve the problem. But i really hope north korea will come back to the negotiating table. North korean grievances have been heard sufficiently and now it is time for north korea to come back to the negotiation table and try to find out some kind of negotiating settlement with the United States need to be more realistic. You cannot pursue the strategy of [inaudible] that wont work. He responded by saying you permanently and irreversibly withdrawal hostile policies then i will come back to negotiating table. There is a complete power between washington and pyongyang and both sides need to come up with some kind of come from eyes to approach and they need to be more bold. [inaudible] he was arguing that yes we can set the goal of the denuclearization but in the operator station we might consider adopting Nuclear Arms Control paradigm therefore the United States needs to think about, okay, assigning peace treaty with north korea. Force reduction for denuclearization and push for the cooperative Reduction Fund where American Funds or International Funds so that we can fund a clear signal to north korea that we seriously interested in denuclearization of north korea with the scent of incentives and we could think about sanction relief and also if we propose some kind of working group with north korea and snap sanction relief may be it could stop north korean behavior but we may not agree with ben jacksons idea but we must have to think about it. Also, we got to think about china, russian with the revolution proposal. Its very onesided. The resolution talk about what kind of incentive and it did not talk about what kinds of [inaudible] however, the u. S. And the United Kingdom can come with more Creative Ideas and demand the proposal open up new breakthroughs to the stalemate but we have things to think about bu