That was a man who was employed by the tulsa tribune and he in turn employed me, didnt employ any young black newsboys. I was employed by mister ripitso, it always and always clear what that was. In the afternoon, he was throwing newspapers and i helped him, wrapped them and prepared for the delivery and then went around with him to deliver the newspapers and i didnt collect, he collected the money and he had all the contact with the newspaper. I had no contacts with the newspaper though they knew that i was in front, they employed no black people. Host your father was a lawyer . Guest my father was a lawyer, yes. I contacted people through him, but it was not a serious thing. Host where were you born . Guest in oklahoma south of tulsa, the name of the village was rentersville, oklahoma. My father and mother moved there in 191112 because he had experiences in shreveport, louisiana, these were not pleasant and he moved to an allblack town because of the way they treated him injuries report, louisiana where he was practicing and went to an allblack town, at least he wouldnt have the humiliation experienced in shreveport so they moved in 1912. Host what was that experience like . Guest not much better. It was the strife that was going on, separated the methodists from the baptists, and the results was the strike was not racial but religious, was not convenient or comfortable and after a while i was born there, they were not happy not only because of the hostility but it was such a Small Community that it was not practicable for a lawyer to pursue his profession there so my father moved to tulsa, oklahoma, to the end of school, my mother was teaching and rentersville and we were to move on to tulsa at the end of the school year and would be put back together so to speak. Host the tulsa riot happened in 1921. Guest we were about to move to tulsa. We were all packed, sitting on the back, to come and get it and on the train where he made arrangements to secure the house. We waited for him and he never came. Absent radio or television or telephone or any communication we didnt know what happened and finally my mother read in the newspaper that there was a race riot in tulsa and there were many casualties increasing anxiety and apprehension even more, where he was really living or dead. It was 10 days later, got a brief letter from him saying he was all right, he was unharmed, everything he acquired, the house he acquired was burned to the ground and he had been in detention for those days and couldnt get in touch, he didnt know when he would be there and it would be sometime to see us, for a train ride to rentersville and what was more important was that was an opportunity to make contact with aggrieved victims of a riot in the Insurance Companies on behalf of his new clients and that kept him busy, he was practicing law in a tent, anything to do was practice in a tent. What sparked that riot . A young black man accused of assaulting, sexually assaulting a young white girl on an elevator, and he had been a credit but the White Community thought justice had not been served and he should be taught a lesson that all the white people felt all the blacks should be taught a lesson. He had been in jail and accused of this crime, the white people said they would get him out of jail and commit the kind of harm to him that would teach all the black people a lesson so the black Community Felt he would be seized and lynched, they went to the courthouse armed, about to take him and give him protection and they were assured nothing would happen to him and they should go back to that part of town which they were willing to do but as they retreated from the courthouse, someone fired a gun but the rest was history. Host welcome to in depth, our host is john hope franklin, coauthor of 17 books, wellknown for his seminal book from slavery to freedom. His most recent is his autobiography near to america. Heres the cover of it. We will take your calls in a few minutes. You can see the numbers on your screen, 202 is the area code for all our numbers, 737000 one is a number for you to call. If you live in the mountain of pacific time zones, 7370002 and booktv cspan. Org is our email address, heres a picture of your mother, molly franklin. What did she do . She was a graduate of the university and she taught in elementary school, first in spring, oklahoma and tulsa, rentersville where i was born and shortly after i was born within three years she took charge of me and took me to school every day, and she told me to be quiet and i was quiet and she felt i would be scratching on the paper and she was teaching the children, she had the alphabet on the board, that was more interesting than anything i could do, when she was going through to see what children were doing she came back to see what i was doing, alphabets and letters and simple sentences and she was astounded to learn i am not certain, it was at that time i learned to read and write and from that point on. How rare was it to be africanamerican in 1950 and have two parents who were College Graduates . I dont know. It was fairly rare. Africanamerican colleges and universities that were founded during the reconstruction period throughout southern states, in the last part of the Nineteenth Century, still supported schools after plessy versus ferguson, the law that brought a end to whatever move was made in the direction of white and black being together, this changed things entirely and states began to establish schools, colleges for africanamericans in the last decade of the Nineteenth Century and so by that time you got some state schools, schools established by religious denominations and american missionary association, some were fairly good. Many of them were inferior. You didnt have large numbers and it was rather remarkable and you had an interesting point, it bears on what happened many decades later and more young black women were going to college than young black men. Men could send for themselves but one black girls could not fend for themselves in a world that was primarily a white world and they could become the victims, of white activity and exploitation or whatever and much more care was taken educating black women and this is a trend that would continue for many decades so there was never a time in the history of africanamericans when black men were exposed to education or Higher Education as young black women. Your grandparents were slaves . My grandparents were slaves. My grandfather and grandmother on my mothers side were slaves, tennessee, my grandmother and grandfather on my dads side were slaves in mississippi and they were transported to the india territory where my grandfather as a young man grew up and married my grandmother and then became a rancher, the indian territory in the state of oklahoma. I had been going there for many years, i was teaching in 1959 at the university of hawaii and i came back from brooklyn when i was living in brooklyn teaching there and came back. Then i built in brooklyn, it started then and a listener who the bartender called growing orchids, with a larger greenhouse. Then i came to durham in 1980 and built my first substantial hobby greenhouse and that was my dream greenhouse, anything larger than 17 feet wide, 24 feet long, this is up here. These are all orchids. Many getting ready to bloom. I have orchids blooming all the time. Nonstop. It is really remarkable. It blooms all the time and i enjoy it so much. Words you acquire these orchids . Sometimes a permit from the department of agriculture some from brazil, in southeast asia, caribbean, all over. What you didnt see yesterday. I brought this from bombay in 1976. Host taking care of that for 30 years. As a matter of fact i propagate this not by any Scientific Method but this is how they start. What i brought from bombay, india in 1976. This is sean burke, getting ready to send out this little fellow will grow up to these and the mayor of baltimore when i was a, it is not blooming now, it is radio cavalier, john hope franklin. These orchids over here are named for my wife, mendenhall, they were developed by a place in South Carolina and they were very friendly, when they passed away, wanted to do something in her memory, they did that. Is important for historian to have a hobby like this . Guest very important. Orchid growing is challenging. You learn a lot, a person who did not have a scientific or botanical backgrounds, enthralled, always interested in growing things. This was continuation of that too. We are looking at highlights from the monthly call in program in depth. In september of 2000, joined by his wife and frequent coauthor rose freeman. It is hard to count books. You write columns, they are collected in a book. You write more columns and another that may overlap the other. Is that a new book . It is hard to count books. Free to choose, when you have. The paper book i have. It was a bestselling Nonfiction Book of the year in 1980. Is it still on the market . Still on the market and available. How many languages has it been translated into . I have forgotten, Something Like 20. That was published in 1962. It is over half 1 million copies, when it was first published, it was not reviewed. The tribune was a major paper, the only review was in the technical economic journals. It was in defense of capitalism in defense of free market and thats not a popular topic at that time. Heres a book that only been a couple years. My wife and my memoirs. On the the same age you are. Doesnt know exactly her age. And i dont know what it is. She used to refer to it as poland, came to the United States just before world war i as a child. It was burned up in the First World War when it was held in that town in east europe went up in flames. When i read it right it is not going to read the New York Times. When we were in new york and in new york, in general i have found it is too wordy for my purposes. Dont have time enough to read. If im going to read it i have to read it. Im not sympathetic with the general editorial position. In your lifetime what other authors had an impact on you . It was frederick hayek. We talked about that. We talked about that on book notes. Did you know him . Very well. I knew him, i first met him in 1946 and didnt know him until he died. Why was that book so important . When i say hayek influenced me . And helps organize thoughts. The way society is organized, what was special about a free society, what about prerequisites for free society . I was sympathetic to those ideas. Hayek was a deep thinker, if you read him you cant read him, without having basic ideas altered. And i live to the age of i think 90, that would have taken him to 1986. Who have you most disagreed with when it came to the subject matter . That is a hard question to ask. To pick a single name from that. The people who influenced me was not just are good books. And arthur burns, for the Federal Reserve system, he was my mentor for much of my life my teachers in chicago, did undergraduate work, they had a great influence. In your book, two lucky people, your autobiography, the whole discussion about the nobel prize in 1976, took a number of years to get it early. How did that what impact did that have on you . Not much of an impact. What impact did it have once you got it . It was not on me but on the publicity and the letters, and the requests you get. And it made me much more visible and available. For the last two hours, rose freeman, your husband had all the say. It usually does. I heard it all. Never liked to talk very much. Your pictures i had an equal role and most everything i have done by what i had in writing. And i refuse to be on the Television Program. I was careful to say i did a lot of the planning. Nothing was done in advance. Do you have any reason why you dont like the speaking part . I dont like to compete. He speaks well and has done it all his life so why should i convey that . I asked kim why it has done that. We never competed with one another. What about economics in your life . I was trained fine. When we got married to my idea of getting married at least at the beginning was different from what people feel about getting married. I did not intend to have a career that is equal to my husbands and that was one of the sources of success. Where did your family come from . From russia when we were in a, somewhere not in russia anymore, and he had no ties to that part of the world. In portland, oregon. How did your parents get there and what circumstances . My father came before we did. He came to the United States twice. Here and enough money to the rest of us. You went to read college. Why did you transfer . My brother was the was responsible for my complete education. He wanted me to go with him to chicago when he first went there. 2,000 a year, my father thought i was too young and wouldnt let me leave. By that time, my brother persuaded her that i was old enough and he was going to be there and went to chicago. Host remember the first time . Guest i do. It was at the university. You have heard this story so many times probably. Arranged the class alphabetically to identify people once we saw it a few times. We sat next to one another and i complete that story, the only girl in the class. Was that what you found in other classes in chicago . Mostly in economics. This was graduate school. In the 30s very few women went to graduate school. You told me before we went on the air that you completed your work for your doctor but why not . I worked on it, also had a job. I didnt get a great deal done. We moved from one place to another. One year in wisconsin. When youre in washington. One year in new york. I forgot what the sequence was and i decided, we decided we wanted to have a family. That took a long time. Lost the first one. That was one year of my life. Then went to washington and went to work again and quit with the hopes to produce a child. Went to berkeley, she decided then she was never going to leave california and she never has, she graduated from berkeley, got her degree there, and we were not there yet. Someone we had on book notes. The university of chicago. The university of santa clara. We will go to the phones very shortly and guests on the special in depth program, doctor Milton Friedman and his wife, rose freeman, on the cover of free to choose, your most successful. Moneywise. What do you remember about working on this . That was very easy. We had Television Program notes and the book was written from that. We started with one chapter and handed it to the other person to go over the chapter and went back and forth that way as we dont know who wrote which words which is true of all the books we have written. That was probably the shortest time, wanted to have it out. The Television Program was shown. We started in march of 1979. They were published in january when the tv program started. What does he do that you dont . There isnt. We both used the computer now. Before we take our first call. They move around as well as anybody else. We are bouncing around, there are many things i cant do today that i used to be able to do, dont have the energy i used to have. So doing that is no fun. We 16 cspan would you do anything different we . If you knew you were going to live this long would you have done anything differently . I think we would live more extravagantly. We were always saving up and my brother used to say saving our pennies for a rainy day that never came. I was saving. Cspan and living in a perpetual drizzle. You disagree with your husband on economic period anyway . Very rarely. On rare occasions. Cspan did you agree in the beginning . Thats right. We learned from the same teachers. We grew up in the same kind of home and there was no reason once you go one way or the other way. Caller hello, doctor friedman. Cspan which doctor friedman . Caller either of them. I have a question about someone knowledgeable about the situation for a long time. Seems to me with all this push for a minimum wage that that is going to automatically lead to galloping inflation. I havent heard anyone comment on this. What do you think . The question is whether the minimum wage will lead to galloping inflation. If you raise it. I dont think it will lead to galloping inflation but it will lead to a lot of unemployment. Cspan why . People who are hiring these people dont feel they can pay them more and therefore they would reduce their employees. Cspan there is a sense that they are going to pass an increase, republicans and democrats was why go along with this . Republicans are going along with everything these days. They will go along with it because it is superficially the problem with these things is on the surface things look very good and what is wrong with raising the minimum wage . It is nice for people to have a higher minimum wage. The indirect effects which are unseen more than counterbalance the good affect. If you raise the price whether it is sugar, automobiles, with the higher the price the less people will buy. How would that lead to inflation . There is an element of truth in what this gentleman is saying. If you raise the minimum wage too much, it would be great pressure to do about unemployment. What would that pressure lead to . Inflation as a way of reducing the real value of minimum wage. Ask about why they agree to a minimum wage increase over two years, part of the reason they will agree to it is it isnt really a raise. It is a raise in nominal terms but prices have been going up, havent had much inflation, 3 , 4 , 5 inflation the past few years, 6. 15, about the same level of real minimum wage was two years ago. In place of a live call in program we opened our archives to present highlights from our monthly Author Interview program in depth. Heres a look at the late studs terkel, the peel was a prizewinning author and journalist who appeared in april of 2000 want to discuss his work. How many have you interviewed over the years . Thousands. For 45 years, a Classical Music station, 45 years, 5 days a week, writers, actors, neighborhood activists, thousands, and the historical society. A distinguished fellow. Thousands of tapes, 9, 10,000, including citing regular broadcasts. Host you are quoted as saying i have given voice to the voices of those we never here. Guest a remarkable man who died recently, i did what he did when he was alive in london. Einstein is celebrating, so is josh argot bore. No meaning to the celebrity, and the ordinary people, i just