You will hear from former secretary of state George Shultz and condoleezza rice, economist thomas foale, kissinger biographer and historian Neil Ferguson, former george w. Bush Administration JusticeDepartment Official john yoo mac and shelby steele. At first, heres a portio here f the interview with George Shultz secretary of state during the reagan administration. He talked about his book is use on my mind. Host you right when it comes to terrorism, we in this country must think hard about the moral stakes involved. If we truly believe in our Democratic Values and way of life, we must be willing to defend them. Passive measures are unlikely to suffice. Means effective defensive deterrence must be considered and given the necessary political support. Guest you say if you have a lawenforcement approach you say okay let a terrorist attack happen. But then we find out who did it, and the drivein in the u. S. Court and if we make them guilty for the endless appeals because the jail. While, what does that accompli accomplish . A certain deterrence i but in te meantime the terrorist act has taken place. In a terrorist attack like 9 11 can kill a lot of people. So i think this trying to prevent things is very important. Its become common we do a great deal in this country. Things didnt happen because we found out about them through intelligence. We prevented them. Ann former secretary of the treasury, George Schultz about his new book, issues on my mind. Mr. Secretary, was your favorite job you ever had. Will use a job. Job implies something that you have to do in order to get some money. And if you see that that ive never had a job my life. George i have done things that i have found rewarding and interesting. Then of a one of doing something that was like that, i would find Something Else to do. But in government, is a great privilege and an opportunity to serve. I had a succession of jobs. Malcolm had their tough moments pretty put all of them work rewarding starting with my june of overseas in the United States marine corps in world war ii. There was, was fighting for my country and in the end, we were victorious. I didnt have much to do with it but i was one person there. And i was in the Eisenhower Administration and economic advisor. It was great privilege. I remember going down to my office it was in this Big Office Building right next to the white house. Used to be called gold safely. And when, i had an office with the wind of the looked out on the south lawn of the white house. And my father, who not died too long after the committee came and took him to my office. He saw this beauty sits on, you have arrived. [laughter]. So it was great. When youre working in the white house complex, you have a view of the whole government. I learned a lot about how you put the statistics together. The top level of the time. So that was a great experience. Then when i was secretary of labor, a new the subject matter very well. I need the department will because it done some things about the kennedy and johnson administrations. Give me that exposure. But it didnt know anything about washington politics in the press and all of that. So i had a good base of knowledge from which to learn. I was fortunate in meeting a m man, to come and be the press person. Joe had worked for New York Times prior no, decades. As a premier labor reporter. He was really good. Anybody read his stories, he could really do a subject. He said he would sign on we had conditions. And i said okay joe, what are your conditions. He said will first of all, but im going to be a spokesman, i have to know what is going on. I have to be able to walk in there. I dont want to be blindsided pretty if im blindsided, but im over. In this of course, you can go anywhere you want. Anybody would be happy to have you there. You know that. So he said what does fly. Mason, joy deployed. He said youd be surprised what happens to people. They come down here, the given the pressure many they dont like to think mislead. Misleading is as this line. So if you have got to be straight. And i said okay i will be straight. What else. A single never have a press conference unless you have some news. Advisable reporters conflict to she was running slow, you dont understand. These are guys who are trying to make a living. The way make a living is good news story with your name on it and it is in the front page of your paper. Ecologists conference and apart things and he said this is my start printing caps and you dont have any news. What is he going to do. He is going to start asking questions make you Say Something stupid. Then thats the news. I learned a lot about the press from joe reed sometimes people write things that you dont like on the whole, if you have a constructive attitude and help them get the facts straight. Youre going to be much better off. There is a guy in the white house who was the political counselor. An congressional relations guy. It took me under his wing to a certain extent. And he had rules. He said never make a promise unless you can deliver on it. And if it turns out that is really hard to deliver. Try all the harder. Because people only deal with you with the trust you read in the trust you if you do what you say you are going to do. And his word was, trust is the coin of the realm. So it always tried to remember that. The Labor Department has some they that will in the congress. I learned something about that. Its a great morning thing. Then i went from there to be director of the budget. There you have a whole government out in front of you. So that was great. I became secretary of the treasury. I was a time when we were greeted the International Monetary system. Send lots of dealings with people all over the world. And i learned a lot about how to do something internationally. So that was great experience for me. Learning was fun. Enjoy people. They eat some are still good friends today. But enforcement secretary of state, the titanic place of the world changed. When ronald ragan and i took office, the cold war was just as cold as it could get rid of who we left, it was all but the shouting. That was a huge thing to be involved in written watch it unfold. Peter mr. Secretary, in your book, issues on my mind. You have some rules for leadership in a couple of those you have already extended on. Like harlow role in that you is to be a participant. George yes. Thats what democracy is all about. Early on and i was working with the primaries, Ronald Reagan give me time. In a tight, incensed democracy is not a spectator sport. So be part of it. A part of the politics be willing to serve. Be a participant. Rule number five. Competence is the name of the game and leadership. George is a great start, to be competent. If youre not competent, going to get in big trouble. Hundreds of experience with that though. I told you when i went to washington as secretary of labor, i was kind of innocent politics. And i have a bunch of political appointees slots to fill. And i realized your train to work with a diverse constituency. So i need best management guy in this industry relations, Labor Relations deal that there is. They told me it was a guy named jim hudson. I cannot get him. I said vault that have a real clever guy. Somebody who negotiates contracts and sells them to reconcile. An really good guy. So you can pretty guy named bill to do that. And he really does manpower training. So we got that. And then somebody who has worked in an area on a to deal with discrimination in the workplace. And so then, a lawyer and is labor market. So anyway i get lot of these people lined up. And president elect nixon felt the initial progress in his administration. So he said pointed to bring them here to this hotel. As headquarters and will have a little meeting it will take them down to meet the press pretty so we have a meeting. We opened up the press. I introduced jim hudson bds inc. All kinds of questions. Its pretty obvious that jim hudson was a real pro. He nobody was doing. Some guy in the Buckingham Palace hennepin said mr. Hudson, i a democrat or republican. In my innocence, i had never even asked him. Denise and i am a democrat. So next thing i remember, a dazzling person. Any just for the same guy falls his hand up and said im a democrat. I would like that. The last guy was jeff. Nobody to be head of the bureau of labor statistics and it was statistician. Martha burns, ray close to president nixon was something that he wanted and i wanted. And i said finally begun a republican prince of the same by asked the question and he stands there like a cow chewing its cud. Then he finally says, like this you have to salmon independent. Back to my hotel room in the phone was ringing off the hook and all the republicans on the Labor Committee said in chino that was an election. This is it, look i cleared them of the ranking republican rated but anyway, getting credit because, guys did terrific. There competent people. These were some of the people who objected and said hey listen we like you guys. And jim hudson secretary of labor and later became my advisor of japan. In the first memo be a big, went on to be a brilliant Northwestern University and so on. Some had ruled all of these people because they were registered democrats. Would not have had the confidence i shouldve asked the question and then something about it but anyway, if you have competent people. You will do much better than if you dont. Your first job is form 19. And get people who are competent in those slots. Peter george sells was one of several of our institution offers and others we interviewed in 2013 bring you can find them all on our website booktv. Org. Next another former secretary of state and soontobe director of the Hoover Institution, rice. In this program of the reagan library, 2017. She talks about her rights, democracy. Stories from the long road to freedom. When i think about democracy, is actually quite a mysterious thing. That people are willing to trust these abstractions, constitutions, rule of law, they are willing to go to the polls and elect people who represent them. Rather than going into the streets are binding to family or clan religion. They trust constitutions and rolloff. That is a very mysterious process. I think as a kid, child growing up in birmingham alabama. I was perhaps one who very early on so something even more mysterious. I saw in segregated birmingham alabama, you can go to a Movie Theater or restaurant if you are a black person. Are you are most certainly of a secondclass citizen. I saw black citizens still, absolutely devoted to the institutions of american democracy. I have one incident in the book that encapsulates this for me. And i was six ish years old and my uncle alto and the mothers brother and pick me up from school and was election day. Theres a long line of black people waiting to vote. I said to my uncle. This must mean that man George Wallace cannot lift. I know we probably do not want him to win. And so my uncle said, auto, he said, where minority so he is going to win. I licked my uncle i said then why do they bother. Michael said, because no monday that vote will matter. As i went around the world, as secretary of state and as long lines of liberians, or afghans or iraqis. South africans. And latin america, people putting is sometimes for the first time. They know that monday that votes will matter. We are blessed with this extraordinary gift, democracy. Americans in particular were blessed with founding fathers. Understood and institutional design that would protect our liberties now trying to say what we think, to worship as we please credit to be free from the secret police at night pretty to have the dignity that comes with having those who are going to govern. You have to ask for your consent. But if we were blessed with that, we believe that we were endowed by our creator with his rights. That cant be true for us enough of them in one of those marvelous legacies of United States of america in the building which we sit. The library was present. One of them most marvelous places Ronald Reagan was that he never forgot our obligation to speak for the voiceless, he never forgot our obligation to do the right things to and those who just one of the civil freedoms that we have. And he delivered. Because you believe that the United States of america is not yet. Its an idea that universal. That is why i wanted to write this book worried. [applause]. Be five newer secretary of state. You are in position to to the world spinning of the United States and the actions better than any other american im sure. Youre not in office now. You are over a hundred days in the Trump Administration read and i wondered if you are able to speak to, hasnt been a change in your mind as to how americans are viewed as we transition from president obama to president trump. Guest i was in europe not too long after the election. As said settle down of the first they said. [laughter]. United states of america is engaging in a little bit of democratic experiment. [laughter]. We just elected somebody who has never been in government before. Was never even stopped the government before. The president is going take some time, a bit of a learning curve but the one thing that you can trust is america has institutions that are absolutely firm and absolutely contrite and will hold america and check. Condoleezza rice so if you with the president present. I think that hes getting used to the fact that actually, its not as easy as it looks in their. That the american presidency is not just one person. It is an institution. As a constraint institution. Founding fathers were very terrified of executive power. If they were leaving a king the didnt want to create another one. So they created congress, two houses is a separate and equal branch of government. Thats article one of the constitution. Is that congress will constantly remind you when youre the in the executive branch. And today, that congress is made up of 535 people muslim say they should be president of the United States. He has a court pretty she learned will challenge the president. And governors, 50 of them. For those think they should be president of the eisai sprayed they have legislatures. It is a process well. And Civil Society and americans who are ungovernable. The job of being present is one thing. And mature there is quite another present learning curve i think is been steep. But i think we have seen some things that really the world likes and with the city in america. I think the decision to strike the syrian airbasesthe chemical weapons attack on his own people was a very important corrective. We had laid out a redline for five years ago. We do nothing in the past. And they run in the market credibility. And that single strike, the administration said this far no further. There is some things are intolerable. I saw Something Else to in the way this present did that pretty represent, i cannot survive and watch babies choking on chemical gas. Only he was really saying was is the president of the United States, i cannot survive a much babies choking on chemical gas. I think theres still a lot of water to pass some of that branch. And we are still learning. In many ways. But it is like to get up and not just react every time. The ragged things have happened. And as americans, we only have one president at a time. What to do everything we can to try to make our president successful. [applause]. [applause]. A large percentage of our audience here, on the left and the right, its a waste of our tax dollars. Wanting to put monies in our schools and all of the rest of that. So the question is coming from the secretary or former secretary of state, do you think there is a foreign aid, is really important from the market people to grasp. Speech of for me it is a little bit the same argument that i would make about democracy. And promoting democracy. You can say lets just Pay Attention to our own affairs. With gun builder bridges, rebuild them and pennsylvania. So why are we building bridges in afghanistan. We could say our schools are not in great shape so what are we trying to Central School in nigeria. You can save all of those things. But i think there are two very powerful arguments against that kind of thinking. What is a moral argument one is a practical argument. The moral argument is this. Americans an idea, and if liberty and the pursuit of happyness are universal and are good for us. Then he can be good for us enough for them. And we are and are best when we they for both power and principle. The principle that no man or child or woman she have to live the direst of poverty in the worst of circumstances. Because we are also a compassionate nation. But actually believe that many problems as we have, we have been given an extraordinary ability. If you go to some of the places in the world did not care how bad it looks in the of america. It is much much worse Pretty Company turn a blind eye to those children lying in the dirt in haiti and any attorney finite to develop pandemic. Library at. [applause]. We are two good to be that way. So the moral argument is that i am christian. Ive been told that what you do for lisa my brothers you do for me. Whatever it tradition is more of that compassion or impulse comes from, america has had it may have to give it. As a moral piece. In practical case. Democratic states that can deliver for their own people, do not invade their neighbors. It out traffic and child soldiers who are ten and 11 result. They do not traffic in the human traits of the women in the brothels in Eastern Europe and southeast asia. They dont harbor terrorists as a matter of state policy. And as democracies, they dont fight each other pretty solid democratic peace. And so there is a reason that