Bush. Sarah duke spoke to us about his influence and legacy. He began working career in 1929 six months before the Great Depression. There was a moderate conservative in his start and he was radicalized, not like left left, but it pushed him further toward the center by the Great Depression and the injustice of world war ii. In 1933 he join the new the scripts Howard CompanyNewspaper Enterprise Association which was situated in cleveland, ohio. In 1946 right after the Second World War he joined the Washington Post where he spent the rest of his career and he died about six weeks after his last cartoon appeared in the Washington Post has last cartoon appeared on august 26th 2001. He died a week shy of his 92nd birthday in october. The library of congress has the her block collection. We have about 14,460 of his editorial cartoons he did give away cartoons to friends. We have the majority of his output. You that see how his career has evolved, his opinions have changed. It gives a sense of how they perceive different president s and how his style evolved. The next one is about herbert hoover. It shows herbert at the rabid on camp. Mr. Bloch has depicted hoover leading a couple of capitalists to his camp. And they are fishing. Instead of getting economic benefits in the form of Cash Incentives they get fresh fish to sell. Its on a very smooth board. This is typical of what would have been produced in the midwest at this point in time. The second cartoon is about fdr. Mr. Bloch has not yet come to a point where he is embracing the Democratic Party yet. What you are seeing is a cartoon that makes fun of roosevelt for being unable to add Additional Supreme Court justices to implement his plans to improve the economy. We know that ultimately roosevelt prevailed. Bloch is making fun of him for wasting time when he could have been passing legislation by trying to implement the court plan to add six more justices to the court. Here we have both candidates for president in 1948. Gesturing to a man who looks like a typical character to show a respectable southern gentleman as he also represents congress. Bloch is upset about the changes in the immigration plans implemented in the United States in the aftermath of world war ii. He is very much in favor of letting displaced people immigrate to the United States. He is showing his disapproval of congresses immigration plan. Rather than embracing their arrival. This is a cartoon about president eisenhower. Joseph mccarthy and Richard Nixon through a smear campaign. What you need to know about this cartoon is it did not run in the Washington Post. It was a proeisenhower paper. They are very adamant about that in his cartoon. They felt mr. Blochs opinion of eisenhower failing to control mccarthy and went too far. We didnt run. It did run in the areas mr. Bloch was syndicated, the other newspapers. They knew that a cartoon had appeared elsewhere. The Washington Post ran every single cartoon that he chose to draw after that. We can see mr. R mr. Blochs art style and a very loose drawing style. Hes using a simple board. Use white out as a way to enhance his image. Being guided by president kennedy, hes got budget written in white out. It stands out in his cartoon. Kennedy was hard for most cartoonists to draw. He was a handsome looking fellow. Even as late as 1962 they had not really found like big ears or big nose or something that stood out to make him look funny. He kind of looks generically handsome in the entirety of hid his administration. That does not mean that mr. Blanc did not find fault to pick with him. This particular cartoon is about his administrations desire to implement tax cuts but and special privileges for people who had benefited from special tax cuts. We had london be johnson next. Mr. Blanc admired his war on poverty. He did not admire his war on vietnam. He loved to take johnson quotes and misappropriate them in such a way as to attack his policies. This particular cartoon is weve shown we are willing to go more than halfway. What mr. Johnson had intended with that quote was to talk about the peace table. Were willing to negotiate the terms of peace with north vietnam. What mr. Block showed was bombing more than halfway up the vietnamese country side. If you read the Washington Post between 1972 and 1974. Between the time the watergate scandal broke out and the time president nixon resigned, you opened the pages to see 174 cartoons attacking the president on watergate alone. He had drawn nixon coming out of his sewer during the eisenhower administration. With the exception of the free shave he gave him as a newlyelected president , which is now in the collection of the Washington Post, he never relented. He did not see a good time to Richard Nixon which does not mean he attacked him blindly. It means he had real issues with some of the things, whether it be corruption or wiretapping were things that he disliked. He felt it was his job as a cartoonist to express his opinion and to shirt with others. That is the basic role of an editorial cartoon. It is to express an opinion and persuade people to your point of view. A good cartoonist does more than just illustrate the news. He gets his point across. Or she gets her point across. Here we have nixon throwing some tapes to an investigator who is represented by a bloodhound. Trying to throw a few reels away while perhaps clutching the most important evidence against him. We can see the bones of some of his indicted conspirators left behind by the bloodhound. When it came to jimmy carter, he saw him as a pretty ineffectual leader. These particular cartoon, who is in charge here . It shows jimmy carter banging on his own president ial desk while refusing to take a leadership role. That is probably the most i can say about that particular cartoon. Its that, what a better way to show that someone is completely ineffectual at their job than to show them in front of their desk rather than behind it. Herbert Lawrence Block was born in 1909 in chicago. By the time he started drawing editorial cartoons as a teenager, he was known as herb. It does not take long to figure out herb block fast, might as well be saying one word. Thats how he became known as herblock but he really is herb lock block. He was not a fan of Ronald Reagan. His moderate conservative sensitivities, the way his parents brought him up, take care of the poor. Take care of the little guy. What he saw in Ronald Reagan was someone who was turning a blind eye to the poverty and hunger and other issues that were happening in the United States in the 19 eighties. So we have a depiction of a homeless person asleep on a great in washington d. C. As Ronald Reagan drives by in his limousine. Thinking those people havent made a bad choice in their lives by not choosing to be rich. That really underscores mr. Blocks opinions that you really had to help the poor and you had to understand the poverty as an institution and not make assumptions about why people were poor. He drew a lot cartoons about the need to support the poor by providing better housing, better nutrition, better medical care. We can see by the end of his career that herb block had some great ideas. But his drawing is getting a little weaker. The line is not a steady. Hes relying a lot more on crayon than on pencil. Pencil has a tendency to smear in a way that wax crayon does not. Here we have George Herbert walker bush. Denying that he was involved in the iran contra scandal. What mr. Block is showing is that while mr. Bush is denying his involvement in the scandal, the testimony of the people who are the principal players in the arms four hostages are going to ensnare him anyway. Mr. Block really liked to draw that president bush with roger large lips. Because of course he was always saying to people read my lips. Next we have bill clinton. Here he is shown in a masterful attempt at tightrope walking. Trying to move a budget forward and keep the Monica Lewinsky scandal at bay. Miss lewinsky is not labeled miss lewinsky and that may be lost to people who look at the cartoon in the sense of time. But we know that was his attention and anyone who opened the post that they knew that was exactly what bill clinton was trying to balance. Mr. Blanc did not work long into george w. Bushs presidency. He was too ill during 9 11 to do anything about that even though people were apparently going to his hospital bedside and encouraging him. Saying they needed his voice. He died in october of 2001. What he did note of george w. Bush was in assumption a lot of cartoonists made early in his election and presidency. That the president is stupid. Cartoonists who got to live longer came around on that and decided that he was not a stupid president. But at this point, thats how herb block is depicting him. As under the control of dick cheney and his father. Ignorant about world affairs. This particular cartoon was actually drawn during the 2000 president ial election. As you can see in the last year and a half of his life, again the ideas are solid. Hes coming up with an opinion. And hes able to see a way to express it. He is using with his pen. The white house as an institution, as a substitute for the sitting president , appears quite frequently in his cartoons when he wants to talk about policy rather than personality. That can be the white house in conflict with congress, because there are separate parts of government. He brings that up in some of his cartoons. It can also be the Supreme Court, i havent brought any white house versus Supreme Court drawings today. The first one we have is from president kennedys proclamation that in light of Martin Luther kings march on washington that its time for the nation, a century after the American Pharoah american civil war, to fulfill its promise. As you can see, he is a strong supporter of that. He shows kennedy on top of the white house proudly waving his proclamation as if it were a banner rather than a speech. The next drawing is very famous. It is something a cartoonist can do and a newspaper reporter cannot. The United States has really strong libel laws. Woodward and bernstein had to spend months and find a source to link nixon to the watergate breakin. Mr. Bloch true footsteps leading directly to the white house. Other scandals were originated. It is careful not to draw nixon. This cartoon said you are not really going to run that by you. When he said yes, she went ok. She was prepared for the call she was going to get the next morning when that paper landed on peoples front porches. Involved in treating negotiations. If you know your constitution you know its not the president who gets sign treaties. A congressman, a generic congressman cant do that. We havent agreed to anything yet. Mr. Bloch is also there are constitutional differences between the white house and the u. S. Capital. Finally when we have a cartoon during the bush administration, george w. Bush administration, mr. Bloch believes strongly in separation of church and state. He believed that funding for religious groups violated that. One way he depicted it, of course, is by showing the newspaper headline. The guy rolling his eye and looking at the steeple of the white house emphasized the point that mr. Bloch believed that george w. Bush had a strong affiliation with religious groups. Christian religious groups in particular. One of the issues that mr. Bloch mr. Block drew he really believed africanamericans deserved an equal chance and equal opportunity. Eight years after the board of education, which was supposed to desegregate the Public Schools and universities, and give everybody an equal education, in 1962 he pointed out that still was not the case. There were states in the country that still chose to shutter their Public Schools. We have an africanamerican girl holding a birthday cake, telling the white gentleman standing next to her that shes eight. And the James Crow Public School is on the other side of a fence. Mr. Block would republish this cartoon until Public Schools were accessible to children. He never stopped hammering on race and inequality. This appeared many times to remind readers that there was not equality everywhere. This cartoon was drawn in the immediate aftermath of the kennedy assassination. John f. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald on november twice second, 1963. A fake advertisement. And notice that it is sportsman, kids, maniacs. Yet john cartoons that mail ordering gave to business ordering a weapon. You sense the anger in this drawing. The exclamation points, the sarcasm, using the variety of tools. It is mostly textbased. It is really the text that makes this point in this a particular cartoon. That makes this point in this particular cartoon. That makes this point in this particular cartoon. Right now we are looking at cartoons from 1967. And we rotate every six months in march and september. What i try to do is select five cartoons that situates them in events related to the year. With a little tweak, some things that will resonate more successfully with others. Oh that couldve been drawn today or i cant believe were still dealing with that 15 years later. For example we have this cartoon about the red would force being sold to timber and mining interests. Mr. Blocks very first khartoum was about clear cutting in 1929. He was an adamant supporter of nature and American Forests and beauty. The vietnam war was important in 1967. Johnson escalated the war by increased bombing in north vietnam. As you can see, it was mr. Blocks opinion that increased bombing that would need to more increased blanc bombing and he has kind of john hughes public figure climbing up very cautiously in an increasing step of weapons. Another thing to know is is it is a very strong graphite drawing. Graphite is a lubricant. That is why the white out its peeling off the drawing. Some of it is just gone forever. I mentioned before that mr. Black really thought it was important to look out for the little guy and this is a cartoon that just really brings that truth to bear. You see truth and lending bill being offered to a businessman who holds a wig. He says they are simple happy folk, knowledge would just confuse them. This is about consumers, especially poor consumers, who dont often have money to pay for goods out right. So they pay overtime and often pay more than hundred percent of the original cost of the object by the time they are done paying off. This was done before credit cards were really widely available. So credit would have come directly from the store. Not to say when credit card bills when not paid off properly dont result in paying more than hundred percent. But this is about people taking out loans directly from stores and about legislation that made it more transparent about what those charges would lead to. Here is an example of mr. Block looking at an international issue. That is in egypt. The president had struggled a crushing defeat against the israelis during the six day war in 1967. Here block has portrayed him as having a napoleon complex when in reality nasa was pulling back from extremism realizing he did not have the financial wherewithal to continue fighting the israelis and trying to meet his pan arab agenda. This is a case where perhaps history has come down more on the side of naser then her block. Charles schultz and herb block were good friends. They often did Little Things to honor one another. Mr. Schultz not so much in his peanuts cartoons. He was a big fan of herb block personally. But here we have the time honored character of snooty she newbie cursing communism and communists in general. He represents bomb happy generals and thats another sort of vietnam cartoon. American generals wishing they could bomb more in vietnam and win the war. One of the things i like to do is select five cartoons that relate to a series of events or a particular event in 1967. Something that stands out in mr. Blocks work. For me what stood out in 1967 was how important it was to look out for consumers. Whether they were people purchasing automobiles, people smoking cigarettes, or eating tainted meat. Mr. Blanc did a series of cartoons that highlighted the work of individuals in promoting better consumer regulation, Better Safety for americans. So we have the food and Drug Administration with the pharmaceutical industry. Americans deceased from inadequate warnings. Could he have drawn this cartoon today . Perhaps. I will let you be the judge. Mr. Blanc had suffered a heart attack in 1959 and quit smoking. He never gave up fighting about cigarettes after that. He hated cigarette smoking. He hated what the cigarette industry was doing to encourage them to smoke. And so here he is showing the federal trade commission valiantly attempting to fight advertisers in order to give more controls over what they could say. More truth in advertising over what was in the products people were smoking in order to protect consumers. Most people remember ralph nader for unsafe at any speed. But in 1967, he took on the Meat Industry in order to have strict regulations about what went into processed foods to make them safer for consumers to eat. This cartoon reminds me of Upton Sinclair who exposed tainted meat in his book the jungle of 1906. Ralph nader and Upton Sinclair were both brought in and given an award for improving consumer safety with food products. One of the events in 1967 that attracted her blocks attention was over ch