<p>This paper reviews the research progress of layered double hydroxide (LDH) with various types of defects and its regulation strategies in recent years. Furthermore, the relationship between the catalytic activity, stability, morphology, structure, composition, and defect types of LDH are systematically discussed, aiming to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of defect-mediated LDH. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities for defect design in LDH are emphasized to shed light on the future applications.</p>