work on one of the first computers harvard's mark 1. she saw beyond the boundaries of the possible and invented the first compiler which allowed programs to be written in regular language and translated for computers to understand. while the women who pioneered software were often overlooked, the most prestigious award for young scientists bear her name. from cell phones to cyber command we can thank grace hopper for opening programming to millions more people, helping to usher in the information age and profoundly shaping our digital world. speaking of really smart people -- [ laughter ] --? the summer of 1950, a young university of chicago physicist found himself at los alamos national laboratory. dick garwin was there because the faculty was paid for nine