famous dossier funded at times by democrats. i spoke, for instance, yesterday to the former director of national intelligence, michael haydn, who like you has been involved in fisa warrants, the issuing of them. he made the point, listen, you do not ever seek or get granted a fisa warrant based on some one piece of outside information. you've got to have independently collected intelligence to bolster that case, intercepted communications, et cetera. say it was mentioned in the fisa application, this dossier, there's no way -- first of all, the fbi would request such a warrant or the judge would grant such a warrant based on one piece of information. is that an accurate expression of how this is done based on your experience? >> it is. i did a lot of criminal work, spent some time doing counterterrorism work, but these work the same way as criminal wiretap applications. it's a composite of information