in terms of the filing involving michael flynn, a lot of it was redacted, and we read about the substantial help in more than one investigation. what is your take on what we have learned in that filing? >> you answered that own question in the word of substantial. in prosecutor's speech, that means something useful to the investigation, not just a minor add on. one way to characterize this, i realize there's a lot of talk about the presidential pardon and whether there would be pardon. this is a signal from robert mueller if you cooperate fully, in effect it's a pardon. they recommended no jail time for a serious offend of lying to the fbi. this is a signal that if you cooperate you will be treated fairly by the special counsel. i have looked at the memos that