kindergarten teachers, first and second sgrad teachers, the people with the smallest classrooms and the most flexibility. yet we know at this point preschool teachers basically make minimum wage in most places. how do we take this kind of knowledge and turn it into the education? >> it's an important question because policy vsz so shaped the educational opportunity that our kids have. and one of the things particularly for kids of color is this gap starts showing up at age 2. >> right. >> at age 2, there's a five-point gap in cognitive tests in terms of their performance. this is created by social conditions. this isn't about them being intelligent. this isn't about their capacity to learn. this is about having oh we you're much more likely to be born into a household where your mother is earning $17,000 a year, which is not enough to live on. working, therefore not reading to you, right? we know how important it is for parents to read to their children, particularly before they're ready. >> she, herself, may not have --