meetings with the vice president over the weekend where he was making the case directly to you. in his case -- what did he say about how this use of chemical weapons changes our posture on this especially in terms of the possibility of those weapons spreading outside of syria and, and was that not in some way compelling to you? >> well, first of all. there is a history. there is a history of use of chemical weapons in the world over nearly a century. and there has been a sad history of inaction in the face of that. so what we decide to do, at this moment in some ways becomes precedent setting in my -- in my view. you know? saddam hussein used chemical weapons on the iranians. he also used it on his own kurdish citizens. the casualties were -- tens of thousands of people. there was no world reaction.