now as we speak to bring this into a therapeutic cure and develop bio markers for the disease. it's been exceptionally helpful. >> i tried to wrap my head around the science. maybe you can explain why is it to hard to cure als? and maybe what is it about this particular breakthrough that's been so beneficial to your research? >> i'd be glad to. in about 97% of als patients we've known a protein called tdp-43 teams to leave the nucleus of a cell. the nucleus of a cell is where all of your dna is held and you can think of it as like a library. what tdp-43 does is acts o as this special librarian that makes sure every single book and instructional manual that you have in your cell doesn't include random nonsense pages. and that really messes up the cell when tdp-43 doesn't