officer or agent thereof in relation to any disputes or controversies with the united states or to defeat the measures of the united states shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than three years. it's a pretty clear prohibition against doing what we've seen donald trump doing. but do you -- does it concern you that there could be first amendment implications in the logan act that haven't been tested? >> well, it's an act that hasn't been tested with respect to a president-elect because every previous president-elect has had the common sense and the impulse control to know that they need to show deference to the sitting president, and that we need only one president at a time. we're an in uncharted waters because donald trump doesn't have those boundaries. and unfortunately, i think it's necessary to bring up the logan act. yeah, there are first amendment issues. but the first amendment also has limits. one cannot yell "fire" in a crowd theater. and i would suggest that conducting foreign policy,