These floating barriers are designed to help fish it out but are they really the answer to the pollution problem. And gamest take on a human players still have a chance in this contest. Our oceans are in constant motion not only due to the time its but also to currents that carry water around the planet and critically influence the Global Climate is. An important element of this socalled global Conveyor Belt is the countless small whirlpools that form on the surface of the water. Researchers are sheen to study them from and usual vantage point. 3 ships. And airplanes. And a 2nd leg of that would see arnold cook quick ocean is the most ambitious expedition the book contains an International Team of 40 oceanographers have ever undertaken. If they want to explore small ocean eddies that range in diameter from 100 meters to 10 kilometers. Scientists have only started to focus on these will just ease in the last 10 years with the help of computer models how do they interact with the major ocean currents how do they influence life in the oceans under Global Climate. The clockwork ocean expedition started 3 years ago without the airship the mission would have been impossible. The Research Site is in the baltic sea between the islands of bornholm and was a dual from that airborne lab the scientists try to detect small ocean eddies over 10 day periods. For some goes through and we were pretty excited before we got started weve spent many years preparing and theres a great sense of anticipation we really dont know where the vortices are and whether we will even find one you know the zeppelin has a major advantage in that you can actually park it above the vortex and have it in view the entire time that way we can observe processes that develop in the space of a few minutes in all or intensity will come. To the eddy hunters each day is exciting will they detect Something Interesting the ash it floats about 300 meters above the waters surface from this height you can barely see the forces with the naked eye but an infrared camera detects much more its downs the surface of the water at 100. 00 images per 2nd and measures the water temperature. The data allows. The scientists to track the vote to seize. Here is the institute of Coastal Research in the northern german town of taft the special cameras attested before each Mission Today the research is a setting up of High Performance infrared camera above a water base and to demonstrate its potential. It provides a far higher Spatial Resolution than comparable satellite images we can detect very small temperature differences for just 0. 03 degrees. Book up bash x. Demonstrates using his hand when he holds it above the water the surface warms up slightly the light blue hand on the right side of the information image indicates the heat reflection on the waters surface but what is the significance of such minimal differences in temperature. You get every variation in temperature or salt content cause a small differences in density and therefore areas of high and low pressure it works just like in the atmosphere where you get a current going from a High Pressure area to a low pressure one that way the sea begins to move theres also movement in the basin the vortex draws colder water from the deeper layers upwards as a result the surface of the vortex in the camera image turns dark place. In the sea the small eddies also seem to bring colder more nutrient rich water towards the surface they see 10 boosts the growth of tiny algae these are not only an important food source for a large american species they also produce about half of the oxygen that we bring. Back into zeppelin. We found a 4 checks 3 kilometers wide 0. 5 degrees difference will be flying there right away. Up to go we have the 1st sign of bacteria on the water surface. They got to me from wiki because of what texts like this and the analysis for about 6 hours the scientists want to take samples from moon measurements they are interested in the celts and oxygen content the temperature and the concentration of counting in the well pull. The data is then compared to the information from the yeah is that 1000000000 can pop above the 4 checks for alice shearing one flight the oceanographers were able to record some very special dates a. Lot of us given all normally you only see the vortex once its formed but this time it was maybe 20 meters across at the beginning so we could really watch how it grew in the end there were 3 eddies that we then measured very closely it was the 1st time that we could observe a vortex over its entire lifetime. Initial analyses support the research his hypothesis the small voices ceased transport the cold water upwards along with its nutrients and so really do influence the growth of important marine microbiology. Were discovering many other mysterious things that we still cannot explain the fascination with the unknown is what drives you to learn more but still new questions arise and being able to find some answers to them over time is fascinating. Book up bash at hoops to continue their research with the help of the zeppelin with the flying laboratory hes made major contributions to the success of the clockwork ocean mission. Ocean currents also transport Plastic Waste all around the globe even depositing it deep on the seabed. An estimated 8000000. 00 tons of plastic a year end up in our oceans the equivalent of a truckload every minute. Much of this plastic comes from polluted rivers which wash it into the sea. Flowing south of bombed wrong city the tonto population of over 2000000. 00 is one of the longest rivers in java the chitta room. In the early 1980 s. This was a tropical paradise but by 2013 an Environmental Organization deemed one of the most polluted rivers in the world. Waste water is discharged into it along with toxic chemicals from textile factories past quantities of mainly plastic garbage. The name of the chooser room her room program is to clean up the river the indonesian government wants its water to be drink a bill by 2025 the military is playing a key role in the initiative. We meet march cost unhitch the german entrepreneurs founded a startup called plastic fisher together with colonel dodo theyre inspecting a prototype of the trash barriers or booms as they call them that will be installed in the river. These sectors are built because of the program. Initiative to clean up the town that was once called the wells plutus river and the president himself ordered to clean up this river with more than 1400. 00 soldiers of the army we Work Together with them here in this sector to make their work a bit more efficient because they are going with the boat every day in this water to pick up all the trash that is flushed by the rain into the water so our goal is to build solutions from locally available materials to ensure its cheap its can be repaired at any time and build quickly and so we came up with the idea to deploy one of these trash bins here these are physical barriers they are floating there around 60 centimeters steve and will catch all of the waste that is floating on in the 1st 60 centimeters of the water i felt still the challenge remains enormous the trash boom prototype is quickly overloaded on any given day there are about 2000 tonnes of plastic in that used to room. With indonesias steep population growth an inadequate Waste Management systems waste from millions of households ends of washed by a tributaries into the cheese a room every day. This is the new river and basically brings all the waste from the city of london into the ching tower in reverse so this is why officials plan to put in a huge trash from over there around 50 meters long that you can walk on and it will block all the waste that is right now floating into the river. Overwhelming is the problem a seam progress is being made in the last 2 years thousands of tons of waste have been fished out of the river. But the mammoth task of cleaning it up requires the support of local communities and networks. Plastic fishers cofounder maura chills is visiting ram down his mantle in his workshop hes checking in on the construction of a large trash boom that will be installed in the chicken pond and. Ram down belongs to the precious Plastic Network which is 40000 Members Around the world all working on projects that tackle Plastic Waste activists ram down on the plastic fish or entrepreneurs met through the network morgan says pleased with how construction is progressing but 1st the steel wire will be in the water and reports. On every spot of its always 2 barrels. Of 200. 00 just each and we have to voice your balls want to talk so you can really but the pressure of it. The barrels are source mainly from textile factories recycling materials from local businesses that would otherwise be discarded as a cornerstone of the project. Crunch time the 1st of 13 large trash booms designed to stop waste from the chick a pond on washing up in the chits a room is ready to be installed to galvanise construction is fitted with a bamboo platform but will it actually float. No you know so this will be our solution for a very heavy floating rivers that carry a lot of waste so i think if we prove that it works in there we can put it basically everywhere slippery the trash boom is put into position now its time for the acid test but not until the start of the rainy season when the barricades will have to contend with stronger currents and tons and tons of garbage but the plastic fish your team is optimistic where theres a will there may be a way to clean up the chooser room ok thank you. And me and 9 percent of all plastic ever produced has been recycled. One type that is especially hard to recycle is packaging made of mixed plastics and thats a shame because packaging constitutes the largest part of plastic garbage. And whats particularly tragic is that much of it gets thrown away together with a new used food. Around a 3rd of the food produced worldwide is thrown away thats 1300000000. 00 tons each year. If we didnt waste such a huge amount our world would look very different. None of the 900000000 people who dont have enough to eat today would have to go hungry. In fact of all that food werent lost wed have enough to feed 12000000000 people. The climate would benefit to just growing in producing all the food that ends up getting thrown away currently generates 3300000000. 00 tons of Greenhouse Gases per year. That means food waste comes in just behind the worlds 2 leading c o 2 emitted hers china and the u. S. By curbing our food wastage wed also greatly reduce water shortages across our planet we presently use 250 cubic kilometers of water every year just to produce the food we throw away thats about 4 times as much as the yearly public Water Supplies in the entire United States saving it would give us about a quarter more water available for irrigation worldwide and wed need a 3rd less farmland too in fact an area almost the size of russia could be given over to rain forests and other ecosystems which in turn would protect many thousands of species from becoming extinct. And by wasting less meat we kill fewer animals in germany alone around 230000 cattle would be spared slaughter each year worldwide it would be several 1000000. And if we stop throwing away food the world could be a better place its in our hands. If outlet is read why ok but only thing i. Can do you have a serious question send it in as a video text ovoid where if we answer it on the show youll get a little surprise as a thank you. Come on just us. To find us by going to our website d. W. Dot com slash science. Or drop us a line on twitter and facebook her. Body has some amazing abilities to regenerate a skin cells do for example. And our hair give some growing no matter how often we cut it. The same dance faffing in a mans of the year in 1000 area sent in a question about mass. How do our nails grow the answer is continually so keeping them short is a lifelong task. Different people do the job in different ways. Nails make evolutionary sense even though they dont always look like they do they protect the ends of our fingers and toes from injury. And they serve as tools. All primates have nails. And use them to grab things or slit them open. Or pig or scratch. But back to the question of how the nails grow lets take a look at their structure. This is the nail plate it consists of a tough corn like substance called keratin and separates from the nail bed at the fingertip. That end of the male is called the distal edge. At the other end of the nail plate is the crescent shaped loonier and the nail folds with a nail emerges from under the skin. And the nail fold are part of whats known as the nail me tricks the matrix continually produces new cells that become the nail plate and pushes the rest of the nail toward the distal edge. This way the nail keeps growing at a rate of around 3 millimeters per month but thats just an average weight studies have shown that the nails of the thumb and the pinky tend to grow less rapidly than the nail of the middle finger. And as we age or if we have Certain Health conditions growth overall tends to slow down. World is becoming ever more digitalized and automated Driverless Cars are a good example. We asked you on facebook what tasks will ai take over in the future more human still be indispensable for some jobs. Per se says human manual labor will be needed less and less due to automation because Everyone Wants to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of production. Says he things only priests are indispensable. Brown by contrast doesnt think humans are dispensable since robots cant create themselves. The reminds us that we once thought wed have flying cars by the year 2000 but were still waiting for them at the same goes for robots thanks for those comments. Its true that robots and Artificial Intelligence are still far from perfect. And often the capabilities of robots are limited to a particular task but they are Getting Better and better at those tasks especially when compared to humans. Now lets take a look at how Artificial Intelligence school when it comes to gaming. On the 11th of may 997. 00 Gary Kasparov played a chess match against i. B. M. Supercomputer deep blue the world chess champion said he was defending the owner of the human race against the rise of Artificial Intelligence. And then he lost for the 1st time a computer had beaten a human grandmaster under tournament conditions its washington a new era. Come the owner of humanity which has gambled on be saved in what areas of computers superior to humans and well lately. Stephan hyde a career god does research on ai systems at munichs Technical University games help him understand and develop some basic mechanisms. He can tell us why deeply was able to defeat caspar if more than 20 years ago even though ai was only in its early stages than. It has already given up but ill show when i look at the chessboard i can see everything thats important for this game i can see all the figures i know exactly where they are. Theoretically the computer can predict all possible moves in the future to see which ones win and which ones dont this works to a certain extent as long as not too many moves into the future and this direct calculation can be done much better by computers than by humans and a computer but. Today Artificial Intelligence is superior in games that work im predicting and evaluating as many moves as possible based on Information Available to all players so called perfect information in march 26th in the Computer Program alpha be one of the worlds best go players lisa doll from south korea so much for humanitys owner in those kinds of games. But also about games like poker that require empathy and psychology as well as mathematical ability. For a long time it was considered impossible for ai to beat humans at poker because it differs from games like chess in several respects. And as i put it on the one hand some cards are hidden which means each player only sees their own cards and not whats in the other players and that means there are significantly more options when it comes to the state of play also there are more than 2 players in a 2 player setting whats good for me is bad for you but thats not the case with multiple players were 2 players can team up and put a 3rd under pressure on the 3rd and most important thing is the psychological component its long been considered impossible for a computer to recognize when a player is bluffing or not. Then in 2019 scientists achieved the unthinkable. In a long time test the program overcame 5 human opponents in poker. But has a i really managed to imitate and interpret Human Behavior. Yet topic also turns out that Artificial Intelligence doesnt need to recognize whether a human player is bluffing its enough to simply play such a perfect defensive strategy that you cant be attacked yourself and that suffices to be better even than human professional players eventually is. In fact in this case a i didnt imitate Human Behavior but rather did want to compete to does best optimally calculating its own chances we humans are still well champions at poker. The rich. But it seems its only a matter of time before algorithms learn patterns of Human Behavior. Are there no games well to fission intelligence is doomed to fail. An International Team of researchers believe they found such a game its called magic the gathering. And this trading card game to play is jewel with a selection of cards theyve put together in advance. The basic mechanism is simple both players ultimately have to talk each other with creatures all spells until one ru