The whitepaper seeks to shine a light on the unprecedented rise in customers claiming ‘double credits’ through chargebacks and alternative avenues, while also providing recommendations on how to improve the customer dispute process for all stakeholders in the payments value chain. Traditionally, customer disputes and chargebacks have rarely received the focus and coverage they deserve, however one Tier 1 Debit and Credit Card Issuer reported the number of non-fraud dispute cases increased by 333%. Protections associated with card payments were scarcely fully understood outside of a small group of specialists until the COVID-19 pandemic forced holidays, flights, hotels, concerts, theatres, and entertainment events into cancellation and postponement in 2020.