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somalia says the deal has no legal force and calls it a violation of its sovereignty. somaliland declared its independence from somalia in 1991 and has long sought international recognition. but the new deal with landlocked ethiopia risks undermining a 2018 agreement it has with somalia and eritrea. the 2018 joint declaration states that each country's territorial integrity is to be respected in the interests of regional peace and security. ethiopia says the new agreement with somaliland is beneficial to both parties but has been ambiguous on formally recognising the breakaway region as independent. meanwhile, east africa's trade bloc, the intergovernmental authority for development, is concerned over the ramifications of the deal. special envoy for the sahel region and atlantic council distinguished fellow ambassadorj peter pham for his thoughts.