Beamforming and beam-steering technologies used in military applications have seen significant advances, especially when coupled with the emergence of 5G communications and commercial space data communications. This progress led to the introduction of active electronically scanned array (AESA) and/or phased-array systems, which are now more affordable and available in full digital and/or hybrid configuration. The majority of the active spectrum is now covered by these systems, making them suitable for use in radar, electronic warfare (EW), and various military communications systems.