It's midnight g.m.t. Hello I'm this is business matters on the b.b.c. World Service in America the working day is winding down but in Asia it's the start of another day we're connecting the time zones today we're live in Singapore and San Francisco a slow motion tsunami that's how one health official describes the rise of drug resistant infections world leaders agree to dress the problem including why antibiotics don't make enough profit as a community pay fall too little for antibiotics we're only Years them intermittently so they don't make enough profit to feed back to make it worth doing the r. And d. Also Rome's mayor says no thank you to hosting the Olympics and troubled waters in Indonesia where seaweed farmers want compensation for an oil spill hundreds of miles away that's business matters here on the b.b.c. . Hello and Jerry Smith with the b.b.c. News the u.s. Secretary of State John Kerry has told the u.n. Security Council that all aircraft in northern Syria should be grown did in order to allow humanitarian aid to get through he said Monday's attack on an aid convoy raised doubts about whether Russia and the Syrian government would live up to the cease fire deal the White House has blamed Russian warplanes for the attack which Russia denies Barbara Plato reports frustration and anger over the collapsing cease fire led to extraordinary passion in the normally staid Security Council the Americans believe a Russian airstrike destroyed the u.n. Aid convoy the Russians deny that the foreign minister Sergei Lavrov listed several possible explanations and counseled against emotional responses but instead the Secretary of State John Kerry blew off diplomatic restraint he mocked Russia's changing narrative saying it made him feel like he was living in a parallel universe the founder of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Purcell of chan have pledged $3000000000.00 over the next 10 years for scientific research to find disease James Koch reports from Los Angeles Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan who's a pediatrician say they know their goal of bringing all disease under control this century might sound crazy but they insist that with dedication and innovation it is achievable around one 5th of the money will fund a facility in San Francisco the bio hub will bring together scientists engineers and are searchers for long term projects such as developing new medical tools creating a map of all the cells in the body and developing new tests and vaccines for Infectious Diseases researchers have found new evidence supporting the theory that the genetic ancestry of almost all humans outside Africa can be traced to a single exodus from the continent the findings have been published in the journal Nature Jessica McMullen has the details the scientists sequenced the genomes of hundreds of people from around the world and concluded that they could all trace their ancestry to one group that. Left Africa between 40 and 80000 years ago the only exception was in the Pacific nation of Papa New Guinea there were searches found tiny d.n.a. Traces of an early African exodus that would have taken place around 120000 years ago the scientists say there may have been other out of Africa migrations but if so they have left no genetic trace among modern populations the u.s. Military is investigating whether a shell fired by Islamic state militants at an Iraqi base where American troops are present contains a chemical weapon an initial test showed a residue of a mustard agent but the 2nd was negative the mayor of the u.s. City of Charlotte has urged people to remain calm and to keep any protests peaceful after a night of violence following the death of a black man at the hands of the police police said Keith Lamont Scott had a gun and ignore commands to drop it his family say he was not armed Well good news from the b.b.c. For the 2nd time in a month the Italian government has had to change a public campaign designed to boost the birth rate after it was widely condemned as racist the publisher to material promoting healthy lifestyle contrasted an image of happy white people with a 2nd group including dark skinned use smoking and taking drugs the original campaign material was withdrawn after being criticized as patronize ing and sexist the Japanese prime minister Shinzo Ave has said that his country's aging shrinking population is not a burden but an incentive to boost productivity through technological innovations like robots and artificial intelligence is Darby was speaking just days after official data revealed that among advanced nations Japan had the highest proportion of people over 65 Mr Albury had focused on mobilizing women and the elderly to compensate for a shrinking workforce rather than the politically sensitive subject of immigration . Millions of people in the u.s. Territory of Puerto Rico are without electricity following a fall at a power plant authorities are investigating the cause but it's unclear when power will be restored researchers in the United States and Israel have used digital technology to read an ancient Hebrew scroll there was too fragile to unravel Sanjay Gupta has more this is the 1st time that researchers were able to read a fragile document without having to open it they looked inside the entity scroll using 3 dimensional digital analysis of an extra scan there are other findings that will excite the historians the earliest text ever found of parts of the Old Testament passages from the Book of Leviticus that date back to the 3rd or 4th century but it's the digital technology that will excite the scientists now they hope to peek inside other documents like the Dead Sea Scrolls a glimpse into the past only possible when modern science has its brush with ancient history and that's the b.b.c. News. Hello welcome to business matters I'm a no on and coming up antibiotics are probably the most trusted of drugs but all 1923 countries of the Un have now pledged to tackle the massive problem of drug resistant infections caused by the over use of antibiotics will be looking at that in more detail and we set sail with the seaweed farmers of Indonesia angry about the impact of pollution on their livelihoods I had never seen anything like it when I got to my cereal farm in Syria to had changed color so we don't sow dead fish too many to come. I'm also joined throughout the program by 2 guests on opposite sides of the Pacific misses her diary is Asia editor for Bloomberg View and joins us from Singapore Hello to you. And Alison Van to Glynis Also with us she's host of the radio program Fresh dialogues in San Francisco hi there Allison Hi there and they're great to join you great to hear from you as well now let's start with our 1st story because in India alone an estimated 60000 infants die every year from an factions that are resistant to drugs and worldwide superbugs could kill up to 10000000 people by the year 2050 that's as many as cancer according to recent British study the problem of antibiotic resistance is a slow motion tsunami according to the head of the World Health Organization and on Wednesday all 193 countries of the u.n. Signed up to an agreement to address the problem England's chief medical officer Dame Sally Davis says there are 2 problems that have held up progress on dealing with antibiotic resistance it is difficult to solve some We've taken the low hanging fruit but the other is a market failure that we as a community pay for too little for antibiotics we only use a mentor mitten place not like a staten or a blood pressure tablets every day so they don't make enough profit to feed back to make it worth doing the r. And d. Well Mahesh Patel is the director of drug discovery research at the Indian pharmaceutical company walk hard that it's one of the few companies that actually has been developing new antibiotics which on trial in the us and he's been telling me why the problem has got so out of control. Global society and on the go men including the advanced nations the women. Work and the reality that are truly including un the literature everyone has to be sharing the blame for that because pharmaceutical industries cutting back the spend on anybody over the last 30 plus years one of the main reason was that diverted as a class. Doesn't make enough money for those industries at the same time there is there hardly any antibiotic discovered by publicly funded institutions of the Western world remain under the illusion that resistance will not come to their doorstep in the last 2025 years couple of other things change which nobody anticipated for example travel was not so common in particularly international travel thousands of lakes carrying willingness of people across the world those that then that is a living system you know and they are very dynamic and smart other reasons because they want to survive under all kind of a situation so that the war with the nation then smart mechanisms to save themselves and then diverted actions so you are one of the few companies that are developing new antibiotics so the un agreement must be good news for you but what do you think will actually change do you think there'll be more funding for companies like yours that want to bring new products to market if you read the United Nations the declaration that they are talking about creating a special market in production and sending some of them say that for example any company which introduces a new antibiotic with a good effectiveness at the solution but isn't at the stage of launch of a product gomen will give them a good amount of cash through that they will be able to keep than to take prices more reasonable particularly in the developing countries and they will also have a kind of incentive to not over promoting them to different sales of when they are already there or promoting that's my His Patel of the Indian generics manufacturer Walk Hard Mrs Adare in Singapore let me come to you 1st because part of the problem here is just awareness of. Of both using antibiotics too much and not taking a full course how much of a problem is that in the rest of Asia but what about your massive problem here but I would look not at humans I mean overprescription human patients is also a major problem but here in China and India the big promise agricultural farmers inject there are pigs their chickens with massive amounts of antibiotics least have to anybody you know used in the world are used in China mostly for agriculture and that leeches out into drinking water systems and that's how these resistant bugs struck to spread so you know in this part of the world we really need much tighter regulations like the kind you're starting to see in Europe and in the u.s. Banning the use of antibiotics unnecessarily to just you know keep animals healthy and fat and you need you know what you mean you know a tax on it essential a to incentivize farmers to use Loss of them I wonder how easy that's going to be given the lack of regulation especially in places like India but Alison what about in the u.s. Is it as much of a problem there and are people aware that even in a country as developed as the u.s. This is a big issue. I think there is a growing awareness and it is already a large problem there was actually a study just last week from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and they loot statistics from various hospitals from 2006 to 2012 and they find an increasing use of these powerful last resort on to buy or takes in the time 37 percent So that is something that is really concerning and there they did an analysis of that and what they're finding is that yes you're interviewee said the bacteria are continuing to adapt but it's also as one Harvard professor said is a psychology issue too the doctors are pressed for time and they are giving these extra. Hora for antibiotics just to be safe as a quick fix so there really needs to be more or less voluntary bit more stronger incentives to reduce the use of these antibiotics Allison thank you very much at psychological point very interesting I'm certainly one valid right across the world now let's turn to the u.s. Because last December's interest rate rise in the United States Swas actually the 1st for almost a decade but anyone who thought it signaled a return to normal after the financial crisis would have been wrong 9 months on the u.s. Central Bank has once again decided against any further increase Janet Yellen chair of the Federal Reserve said the revival still isn't strong enough to justify it we judge that the case for an increase has strengthened but decided for the time being to wait for further evidence of continued progress toward our objectives or current policy should help move the economy toward our statutory goals of maximum employment and price stability so the cost of u.s. Buying stays where it is for now. Let me ask you what do you think that caution from Janet Yellen means about the pace of recovery going forward. Well I think it's the problem they're facing is that the data they're looking at can be interpreted in many different ways you know we would have thought that unemployment where it is now less than 5 percent would have you know that one would have a considered full employment but there are other indications showing that the market's softer than it may appear so you know you can understand their reluctance there has in its especially given uncertainties around the world with China with bricks and so on but you know there everybody knows they're going have to start raising rates soon the big problem is that financial risks are rising you know we're not in an emergency situation anymore and it's probably time now to start mid again those risks you know I think a lot of people would like them to see would have liked to see a very small rate hike at least now and they expect if something happened that will happen the next meeting before the end of the year they said thanks let's get the latest headlines now from the news or the American secretary of state has called for war planes to be grounded over parts of Syria amid a bitter exchanges with Russia over who was to blame for the bombardment of an aid convoy and the collapse of the Seas favs. The founder of Facebook mug Zack a bag and his wife of pressure $3000000000.00 over a decade to fight disease a new studies of human genetics have reinforced the theory that the ancestry of all known Africans committee traced to a single exodus from the continent Terry thank you very much you're listening to business matters from the b.b.c. World Service with me on and on and now as the glow of the Olympic and Paralympic Games fades Rio de Janeiro joins a long list of cities parsing the legacy of being host of the games Rome's mayor however wants no part of it she's announced that the city will drop its bid to host the 2024 games the Boston Hamburg have already dropped out Andrew Zimbalist is a professor of Economics and author of a book Circus Maximus about the economic gamble of hosting big events like the Olympics on the World Cup and I asked for his reaction to the Roman Elsom and it's very likely that Rome was not going to be selected anyway this this race has always been between Los Angeles and Paris Budapest which might have a referendum and might end up dropping out also it's not really relevant the the final choice will be the Paris of Los Angeles but what is relevant is that the i.o.c. Is having a real problem with the problem is that since roughly since the year 2000 the number of cities that have expressed interest in hosting the Games has been declining in the last couple of games it's been the coining to the handful of cities at the most and when you have very prominent cities like wrong like Boston like Homburg like Toronto dropping out when you had 5 European cities dropping out of the the bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics this is a real black eye on the economic model that the i.o.c. Is is offering Why is that model so broken is it the expectation is it the way the revenue is split up into it's both of those things if Utah. Working about the Summer Olympics which is what Rome was going to bid for you're looking at the necessity to to build and prepare to $35.00 different sports venues and an Olympic village that houses $17000.00 people a media village that houses more than a 1000 people a broadcasting media center and all of these things or are terrifically expensive and along with all of that they may demand green space ceremonial green space they demand park space and landscaping altogether it's it's over a 1000 acres of land that you have to dedicate to this and it ends up costing somewhere in the neighborhood of $20000000000.00 these days the host and the amount of revenue that you get is somewhere between $3.00 and $5000000000.00 So it's simply not a very good financial balance for for any city what do you predict then for the future I mean is there going to come a time when City say look we just don't want to spend the money on this in other words are we going to see eventually an end to the Olympic Games or do you think the i.o.c. Is just going to have to completely change the model I think they can have to change the model but part of that will be taking more of their revenue and helping the host city finance the games part of it might entails not trying to move it around the world like the travelling circus every 4 years but selecting one or 2 or perhaps 3 cities that are fully built out already for the Olympics that is to say they have all or most of the sporting venues they have the necessary transportation hospitality communications and security infrastructure and if the city is in those conditions then it can host the games with the minimal financial loss the problem of course is that the i.o.c. In large part the Pens upon sponsorship dollars and the companies that buy into the top and other. The sponsorship programs of the i.o.c. Are doing so because they think it's going to promote their company positively but if being associated with the Olympics is being associated with the sorts of things that were going on in Rio during the Olympic games then it's not a very positive image that you're propagating and the sponsors are going to look to the i.o.c. To carry out a model that's more workable That's Andrew Zimbalist He's author of a book called Circus Maximus on the gamble of hosting major sporting events and he's reacting to the news that Rome has pulled its bid of the 2024 Olympic Games if you've just switched on my guests this hour are Nissen had Jari Asia editor for Bloomberg View in Singapore and Alice in Bendigo and host of the radio program Fresh dialogues in San Francisco and I wonder what your reaction is to that I mean what's left of the Olympics as a global spectacle if it doesn't move around if it just stuck to sort of one or 2 cities you think they'd be as much interest. And I was just saddened to hear the prospect of the Olympics not continuing I find it deeply concerning I think a bigger picture needs to be taken of the Olympics that there's value beyond just the the cost and what they get back that year there is value beyond the dollar and cents is inspiring for the world it's an economic boost for that region job creation to resume Sacha I think maybe the i.o.c. Needs to look at the Olympics that succeeded as far as the profit motive for example the alien Olympics in 84 they took a green approach and other words they used existing facilities so I think perhaps the i.o.c. Needs to work more in partnership with the existing cities and help them identify what facilities they can reuse or build upon rather than building what the mayor of Rome called cathedrals in the desert which obviously you know not knowing where she is after the Olympics Absolutely and this is what's your view is there a value is there no value in terms of morale in terms of job creation o