"we think that a lot of the key ideas are in place. "maybe not all of them, but a lot of them. "but we're not doing it large—scale enough. "we need more compute, more data, "and things will emerge that are more capable." that computing power arrived in 2019, when microsoft invested a billion dollars in openai. we saw openai four years ago as this extraordinary group of people in a research lab that we thought we could say, "they're on the right path." crucially, microsoft provided it with one of the most powerful computer networks in the world. and that partnership has really blossomed in all the ways that we had hoped, maybe even a little faster than we might have imagined.