scientists in south africa that have been doing this work despite travel bans making it difficult to get the reagents that they need. but look, i don't think the study was too surprising to a lot of us who have seen the mutations on the omicron variant, who have suspected that it was going to decrease potentially the protective effects of our vaccines. but remember -- >> and sorry, doctor, by the way, i misspoke. the people who just had the -- the pfizer vaccine are not as -- as protected as people who had pfizer and covid. >> right. well, this is also -- this was a lab study. this was in a dish. this was, you know, looking at tissue from 12 patients so i wouldn't extrapolate it too far. but look, what we know is that people who had covid and got vaccinated were more protected than people who had covid and didn't. we know people who got vaccinated and got a booster are going to be more protected than those who haven't got a booster or who have not been vaccinated. so the study shows us that the vaccines likely are still going to work. it's important to get a booster and even if you have had covid,