black players are measured by using data that assumes a lower level of brain function to start with. so former black players called it discrimination. let's talk about this and more. this is a reporter who covers "the new york times." covers the nfl for the "new york times." i'm so glad that you're. on we've been wanting to do this. this is such an amazing story that you've been following and writing about. explain what race norming is and how was the nfl using it. >> so basically, set up two sets of criteria. one for black players and one for white players to make assumptions about their cognitive ability years ago and then used to it compare with it how they're doing now. and as up in your intro, the black players were presumed to have lower cognitive ability so that to get an award under this concussion settlement, they had to have much steeper cognitive decline compared to a white