in norway and finland. and implementing further military action. jim, your response on that? >> well, the finns and swedes have been bullied by russia for years now. that threat from moscow, the finns particularly have heard that before. those two nations right now, very close to nato. they've just been granted special access to nato intelligence on a bilateral basis, we have worked with sweden and finland to make sure the militaries were interoperable. we're tight with them, with both of those nations to see that joining the alliance right now might be important not just for themselves, but to show unity, that putin, instead of grabbing ukraine without any pain, he has arrayed an alliance force around his nation. and he has unified the alliance.