attack against ukraine, called a cyberparlance netpecha. it shut down a lot of the ukrainian economy. because the cyberweapons, once their released, it cost the west, including the united states billions of dollars as those network malware spread across whole networks, rebounded back against the russian economy itself. that was one cyberweapon. what happens if russia unleashes ten, 100, 1,000 of their cyberweapons simultaneously? we are in the land of unprecedented type of cyberdomain and frankly how we counter that, we have cyberweapons, but we have been very concerned for a long period of time about cyberescalation. one of the reasons why america and the west always said if we're attacked on our cyberbasis, we may respond in a different modality because cyber escalation is unprecedented in territory. >> senator, i want to thank you so much. mark warner for being with us.