congressional authority as one of the three parts of government. to me article ii is absolutely clear. it is the congress, not the courts, being able to compel testimony and documents. i'm less concerned about what practice has become and what all the opinions are and more about saying isn't it time for the congress to assert itself, whether it's a republican or democrat, whatever the issue, what's good for the goose is good for the gander. >> congressman edwards, if you go back to the nixon administration, the nixon staffers did end up testifying. >> well, whether it was the clinton impeachment, whether it was nixon, whether it was thomas jefferson, the executive has always understood that a subpoena carried weight. you were supposed to respond to it. the problem is that members of