desperate to become americans. >> these newcomers were considered just inferior. polish people or jewish people or southern italians. >> at the time, many european immigrants were considered to be entirely different races. >> people referred to people from ireland as a race. people from hungary as a race. the jews as a race. >> with new enemies to hate, membership in the klan soared. some of america's most prominent men were under those hoods. >> hugo black was a member of the ku klux klan. >> until 1925. he went on to serve as a supreme court justice until 1971. back then, white supremacy was an elite movement led by some of america's richest and most powerful. they came up with a solution.