current vaccines are effective against this new omicron variant. what exactly are you learning? when can we expect to know with certainty? >> well, it can still take a couple of weeks. we'll probably know more about how -- what kind of severity of illness this is causing earlier than just how effective the vaccines are. but the early signals are good as you mentioned. if you look at some of the data from south africa, the majority of people who are getting sick are people who are unvaccinated. so that's an indication the vaccines may be holding up and you heard similar things out of israel. hospital rates are going up in guatang province in south africa where johannesburg is located. maybe not entirely surprising, but keep in mind it is late spring there so you report seeing as much respiratory pathogen spread typically. hospitalizations typically don't go up. but these are still small numbers compared to hospitalizations during the rest of the pandemic. as case goes up, we know hospitalizations go up. but it will be a question of