Shall we think about americas patriotism . I am going to get out of the way and let our very distinguished panelists who need no introduction and whose biographies you have come up to speak and maybe i will make a comment or two or ask a question or two and then we will take questions from all of you. Will bee speakers diana, jim, and bill. Is of loyola university, maryland. Studded with leon when she was in graduate school at the university of chicago, was the coauthor of the 2011 book that amy organized and amy and leon and diane coauthored. Whats it was probably we hail and it is accompanied by i excellent website that recommend for any american holiday or just for Understanding America in general. Wonderful readings and it is wonderful to look at. After diana, we will hear from jim caesar. But certainly well yes, a student of leon not a direct student of leon but leon. And influenced by jim caesar, gary byrd professor of Politics University of virginia, distinguished in enough american politics and the american regime and then go mclean, the history bill mclean, the history professor and a chair at the university of oklahoma. A distinguished, sounding chair. And bill mclean obviously has written great books on American History and society in american modern history. At theed looking introduction, think both diana and jim spent a year her at the Madison Center said they have a connection here. I noticed looking at the bios that diana and jim both attended st. Johns,ge and which is a common feature of many people here so i think this is the panel with people who attended the smallest colleges. [laughter] there has never been a panel with more Small College representation on it. I dont know what that means but i was struck by that. I was also going to make some joke about their sports teams but i looked online for a time. Is it still true that the kenyan sports teams are called the lords hand ladies . Amazing. In st. Johns, they had sports teams, what would they be called . Joke. Druids. Without further do, the panel. Applause] i had the very great privilege of working with amy and leung on the anthology what so proudly we hail. I learned a great deal about american patriotism. Alexis did tocqueville, whom we reluctantly but unanimously decided not to include in the volume, called it reflective patriotism. Tocqueville compared it with the instinctive love of native country characteristic of people of the old world. According to tocqueville, the spirit is at once more rational and selfinterest in indeed, the root is in the self rather than the soil. It understands the influence the wellbeing of his country has. And interests himself in the prosperity of his country. At first as a thing useful to him and afterwards as his own work. This more participatory patriotism because it is aware ofthe linkage has the effect enlarging or aggrandizing the self, giving each person a stake in all that is done on the national stage. His appreciative underside. Has an it turns out that reflective patriotism is also irritable patriotism. Of what so probably we hail was to show the tocqueville did not quite have the whole story. Not just were making the case that there are american sources for a richer conception. A patriotism that is genuinely thoughtful. Maybe even philosophical at least able to balance appreciation and critique. So neither reflexively selfcritical nor congratulatory. The phenomenon is clearly switched from celebration to denigration since tocqueville visited. The american sources called upon are in need subtitle. Through works of the literary imagination. , we hope to conduct a sentimental education of sorts. An education of had and heart. The ultimate aim is the introduction stated is to make thoughtful patriots. What i like to do in the time remaining as take up a lesserknown american speech, a lecture on discovery and invention. It does not happen to appear in our volume though it was written by our most thoughtful patriot ever, Abraham Lincoln. Lincolns treatment of discoveries and inventions is entirely or centrally concerned with a properly grounded patriotism. The speech as lessons applicable to our Current Situation in what disordered attachments predominate. Globalism. Eless very want tribalism, and now a resurgent nationalism. But very few thoughtful patriots. I also want to feature this work like leons. Rkably i am not saying lincoln is lis linked, in incolnian. Thelectures combine elements that appear in the scholarship and public service. Discovering sobering truths about the nature of the human being. That informs his analysis of the potential and grave danger of science and technology for human beings who are inevitably politically situated. Liberal education is seen as the means to break what lincoln calls the slavery of the mind. America is dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal but only three kind of certain education can individuals become capable of rising to equality. Rising to quality being lincolns felicitous and hopeful phase. The respectful attention that lincoln gives to the wisdom of women. All, rebecca and miriam. Here i cant help but mention the providential fact that leon was born on the cans birthday and less providential that leon and amy intended to name any boy. Hild of theirs Abraham Lincoln when they were instead providentially blessed with girls, one of them was named miriam. Abraham lincoln would have approved. In a version of the speech now reported inut detail in a newspaper account, lincoln was said to pay tribute. The triumphant exultation of miriam. Miriam was the sister of moses and aaron who led the women in song. Abrasion of their deliverance from egyptian bondage. The course of hebrew enslavement and emancipation had of this parallels to American History and american slavery had formed the pretext of lincolns speech. Before further interpretation, want to point out with fortunately dont have the speech in its entire day. But we do have is to substantial portions 810 pages each, long efforts. O be separate they may, in fact, be parts of a larger whole. It is also important to be aware of how the speech fits into the chronology. It was delivered multiple times over the twoyear time between 18 60. 858 to early it was presented a couple months before the house divided speech lincoln accepted the republican nomination for the Illinois Senate seat and it was presented again on a number of occasions after the electoral laws to stephen douglas. Another month words, during the same time he was preparing a book length version of his debates with douglas, at the heart of the lecture of discoveries and inventions is the invention of print, which helps explain the labor that lincoln invested in that publishing project. The medium of trent allows one, lincoln says, to converse with the unborn at all distances of time and space. Getting the debate into print meant that lincolns forensic victory over douglas stood, in his words, a better chance of never being forgotten. Whatever might befall the country. Finally, lincoln delivered the subsequent last time to his reunion, the speech that fortified his status as a president ial contender in 1860. It was during this time that lincoln saw fit to work on what he thought of as his lecture on man. It was material americans needed to ponder on a wisdom seeking spirit as the crisis of the house divided gathered steam. In up for preliminaries. [sigh] lecture, which i take to be the opening section of the speech, presents a survey of technological advances as gleaned from the bible. This is no ordinary account of human and genuity. Levy. All creation is a mine, and every man a minor. The whole earth and all around and about it, including itself, in his physical, moral, and intellectual nature and susceptibilities are the leads thatvariable man from the first was to dig out his destiny. In the beginning, the mind was an open and the minor stood naked and knowledge less upon it. Man is not the only animal labors but he is the only one who improves his workmanship. Inventions. Es and the first important discovery was the fact that he was naked and his first invention was the fig leaf apron. From there, without benefit of an internet Search Engine or even a biblical concordance, lincoln traces the scriptural mostnce of progress and clothing to arun, agriculture, transport, forces that can replace mans own muscular power, animal power, wind power, water park, steam power. Insights 23rom bible verses tracking such things as the first mention of thread or instances of iron orchards. He also references another dozen or so bible verses without providing chapter and verse. Fromount draws exclusively the Old Testament other than a closing passage from the new testament. The verse, two women shall be grinding at the mill. Said to be the language of the savior, is offered to give that the waterwheel was unknown in bible times. The verse, found in both matthew and luke refers to the coming of christ and tribulation at the end of days, thus the horizon of the lecture ms. From the creation of the earth to its destruction. As the last instance more than indicates, this is an unorthodox way to employ the bible. Turns to theus man good book in all occasions as a Good American turns to lincoln but still this is making the bible survey purpose that seems altogether alien. Matthew 24 is about the weeping and gnashing of teeth and christs prophecy to return and power and glory. It is not a bad it is not about when the power of hydro was acquired. The question has to be, what the heck is lincoln doing . I want to suggest that lincoln is quite aware of what he was doing and carefully selected these bible references in order to tell to stories ultaneously forced simultaneously. The first of Technological Progress, slow but perceptible. The other is a story of sin, slavery, and divine punishment. Each human invention mentioned beginning with the relief apron, is linked to a tale of disobedience and suffering. Especially prominent are references to slavery. Indeed, the entire a semblance could be said to revolve around the sojourn in egypt. I dont know whether to call lincolns method of twotiered composition as a terror or not. It seems to me that lincoln for a much one since audience to perceive his doubleinquiry into Technological Progress on the one hand and moral, nonprogress on the other. Assume, as we cannot today, considerable familiarity with these bible stories but he also includes chapter and verse for those who want to be minors of the written word, contrasting his text with the written source text. When you follow his lead you discover another dimension of mans destiny. A political dimension. Lincoln makes repeated references to one nation, he egypt. The very last topic in the first picture is steam power. Lincoln points out that the egyptians understood the principal because they had a steampowered toy. They never applied the principle to useful machinery. He does not say so, but one wonders whether in their pride and stubborn reliance on slave power, they failed to pursue the liberating potential of technology. Certainly, lincoln emphasizes the ancient world relied on man power and him hour to the neglect of the motive power of wind, water, and steam. While lincoln drops plenty of hints about gods punishment of egypt, his indirect approach as nothing morally fervent about it. Lincolnsst a twin rhetoric and that of the abolitionists could not be more dramatic. The abolitionists loved to quote isaiah. The prophet who pronounced judgment upon all of the nations through the wrath of the lord of hosts. The people shall be as the fuel of the fire. No man shall spare his brother. Lincoln mentions isaiah twice. The opposite. It is oblique and evocative. Inviting further reflection. Reflectionurther turns exclusively to the United States and the second lecture, lincolns manner of presentation shifts abruptly to parity. Does an extended riff on Young America and manifest destiny. Here is a sampling. You have all heard of younger america. Of theot the inventor present . He owns a large part of the world by right of possessing and all the rest by wanting it and intending to have it. Immortality for the of the soul, so has america a afteresire in longing territory. A great passion, a perfect rage for the new. And knowledge he is particularly rich and is the unquestioned inventor of manifest destiny. Be anything the old which he can and do her, it is only old whiskey and old tobacco. Swipetaking this partisan at Young Americas hubris and about chrissy, lincoln and immediately moves to higher ground. And of so, what the difference really is. Own version of the quarrel. He starts with the biblical exit of jesus, starting with the first of old folkies, father adam. Examining the first invention, apron. Leaf at him had first to invent the art of invention, an art that depends on habits of observation and reflection, the faculty of speech. And speech, says lincoln, does not appear to be an invention of man but rather the direct gift of his creator. Speech is only possible because theiological features like capacity of the tongue to utter articulate sound. Lincoln declares this absolutely wonderful. About human communicative this, lincoln mischievously adds, this reminds me of what passed unnoticed before, the first invention was a joint operation. Eve, having shared with adam indie getting up of the apron. And in judging from the fact that selling has come down in our times is womenswear, it is very probable she took the leading part. He perhaps doing no more than two standby and thread the needle. Hisoln repeatedly reminds audience, and audience inclined toward chauvinism of both the male and national varieties, of the humbling things they might prefer to forget. Not only are human beings butlden to their and delmon there are intergenerational as well. The current generation is the unofficial area of the advances made by the very old fogeys of earlier times. Lincoln suggests that the humility inducing thought experiment, all conception of it, are the state lost to the world. How long do you think it would be before Young America could get off the letter a without coming up with some way to use it to their advantage. Lincoln this abuses us of the thought that we are wiser than those of gone on before. Modernhere is a difference. Interventions were achingly slow until the invention of printing, which lincoln call the other better half. Relationship of writing and printing seems to be like the relationship between adam and his better half, eve. Things like the constitution, it awakes the inng like thoughts of humans a rising. Emancipationhe proclamation of the mind. The final section of the speech pursues this question of modern superiority. In the midst of this account, lincoln stopped suddenly and says, though not absent to my present purpose, it is justice to the fruitfulness of that period to mention two other important events the lutheran reformation of 1517 and the still earlier, invention of negroes. Or of the present mode of using them in 1434. The oddity of lincoln procedure is striking. He drops in that phrase the invention of negroes. Then resumes his consideration of printing. What do we think now of the contrast between the ancients and moderns. We learned of the slave holding egyptians who never realized the power of steam. In the second lecture we get the full steam ahead of americans who have unleashed the energies of man and yet who have also contrived to turn other men into inventions. Lincoln has mentioned five modern events that together provide a genealogy of the crisis of the house divided. The two inventions of pressure the conflict. The invention of printing in 1436 pointed humanity toward freedom. The invention of negroes in 1434 created slavery. The discovery of america in 1492 provided the ground on which both freedom and slavery converged. The reformation of 1517 at a religious support to the cause of political liberty. Patent law in 1624 like discovery of america double edged or ambiguous. If the negro is an invention the invention can be patented which is essentially what happened when the Royal African Company was granted exclusive rights to the slave trade in the 17th century. When the cotton gin was invented. The Southern States were the cotton gin basis. We might with justice say that lincolns entire public career was devoted to disinventing the negro or disinventing present mode of using him. In conclusion, let me just point out that the lecture on discovery and inventions, forms a piece with lincolns first lecture delivered 20 years earlier. There lincoln diagnosed threats of political institution. He remain within a constitutional perspective. To install the advent of demagogue who might exploit popular dissatisfaction. By 1858 it was clear that americans have not listened facing the collapse of constitutionalism. Lincoln deeps the inquiry by offering this reflection on man, ancient and modern, as a way to remind americans of the great difference between selfaggrandizement and selfgovernment. He takes a political slogan of his day, Young America, and reworks the concept to instill National Humility and national hope. Our politics of course, regularly throws up new slogans like make America Great again. Had we Young Lincoln among us, he might deliver a lyceum address exploring where the true greatness of america lies. Absent that, we have plenty of old fogies who can help. It depends on the capacity to read which is to say it depends on education, both civic and liberal. At the top of my reading list, are Abraham Lincoln and leon kass or that combination i think of as Abraham Lincoln kass. [applause] thank you diana for that wonderful speech and now james ceaser. James thank you. Patriotism has it is experienced first by most americans is a sentiment of deep attachment for the nation. Its something akin to love. Its something felt coming from the heart and it surges at a certain moment in response faced with symbol like the jet planes that screamed past the opening of the super bowl. Or the sight of the flag in the breeze or through music that which is the star spangled banner or God Bless America or lee greens proud to be an american. Patri