Always had a justification for removing anyone that doesnt relate to our values. What we have found problematic is we have two values. Twitch is a platform for the creator. It is creator first. When there is a tension between the viewer and broadcaster, we go for the broadcaster because there needs to be a home online for them to have control and run their own editorial policy. We give them powerful tools to manage their community. That works great as long as youre dealing with broadcasters who all have excellent taste and the problem that arises is we want Good Behavior over the whole site. We want to give broadcasters power. They dont control the Community Well enough and you a lot about and you get a lot of bad action as a result of that. We have been spending a lot of time on this problem. But it is hard because the last thing we want to do to a creator is tell them that we know better than you how to run your community. That makes the problem much harder than just jumping into it straight away. I like that you bring that up. You both have a model of moderation that is very oldschool internet. Letting forms control themselves. Obviously platforms like facebook and twitter have taken an opposite approach and do you have any pressure to take those moderation duties internally . It is something we think about but we would never do that. When you get on reddit that you dont get on facebook or twitter is a place where you can really be yourself. People come out on reddit all the time. When they are nervous about doing that, they can come to reddit for support. We think that is very important. There is always a tradeoff there, and intention there. And a tension there. Where we focus our time is building the tools were you can thrive in that environment and not negatively affect others. We are very heavyhanded. We are putting walls between our communities that run them in late district the. That fundamentally disagree. Were seeing that more and more. Ive seen that three times on reddit. We are very different viewpoints colliding. If they are not making others have about time. Have a bad time. We do have a lot of moderation inhouse. We used to have all englishlanguage moderators. But we now have realized we need all kinds of language moderators. Most countries have big internet populations. The problem is, when you have something on the order of 2. 5 Million People a day publicly posting messages to each other, employing staff to moderate that, these are real time messages. The entire weekend of impact is the 30 seconds after it is sent. We wound up going to the distribution moderator route. There is no other way to moderate a realtime chat community. We view our role in that as going to build excellent tools that amplify the effect. Identify the people that are being a force for moderation. Empower them with tools that amplify what their actions are. Giving them more powerful tools to moderate all at once. You spend a lot of time, our focus is on using systemic issues. Groups of users who are harassing other users, spam. We have built tools and teams to identify these bad actors who without them, everyone would be fine. Where we are heavyhanded is identifying those people and trying to get them out. Hopefully everyone else can flourish. We believe that people on reddit and the real world for fundamentally good. They have a fundamental desire to share and to grow. That is low we are really trying that is what we are trying to protect and foster. Steve, i am curious, you took over as ceo 10 months ago. There was a headline at the time that you were trying to save reddit from itself. Have you done that . To provide some back story, my number one value at reddit is evolve. The community and the company were in disarray. I was watching that it goes this reddit go through this difficult time. When i came back, it was a big push to looking towards the future. That meant reminding folks that there was libertarian free speech route. Everything at all was allowed. We did not know how we felt in the early days of opposition. Coming back and, there were these large groups in open revolt. There were communities that were toxic and stirring a lot of stuff. I try to squash that group of users who were stirring the set. There has been a lot of culture rebuilding. Internally in the company. Bringing in new values and reminding everyone what our purpose is. To bring people together and provide a place where they can express themselves. To answer your question, are we done . No. Have we made Great Strides . Yes. As an editor, i would agree with you. It is hard to see from the outside when you look at a community site, there is no when there is no one you can bring in that is allowed to change the direction other than a founder. It is only the founder that has the moral authority to say that this is what the website is about. There has been a bunch of things that reddit has done over the past 10 months. That may not have been possible because they did not have that moral authority coming in. I have a lot of sympathy for people that come in as a ceo and not the founder. It is very hard. To make course corrections. Something unique to the area of the internet you are you, it is quite possible for the company to develop a myth about itself. To diverge in a direction that is not maybe the one you plan. It is maybe not profitable. How do you deal with these issues . Reddit was the first thing i did out of college. To summarize, it has been an incredible learning experience. We started the company at the same time. We have made a lot of mistakes over the years. We keep learning these lessons. It would grow in a direction that we didnt intend. We have gotten a lot more savvy at learning how to steer these. When i returned to nine months ago, i said what reddit needed was a clear line. We went rather publicly. I wish i could go back and tell myself that it is impossible to draw a line. Wherever you draw that line, there will be someone, that is looking for the loophole. I have met some very smart people in this process who did work for facebook and twitter and said that you need to be specifically vague. You need to give yourself some wiggle room. An example of those lessons that could have been taught. Unfortunately i had to learn the , hard way. I am forever thankful for this. The thing i noticed at twitch was we had to deal with a porn issue. We did that mistake. We tried to define it. You just try writing down a formal definition for what is and what is not allowed. Either you are banning things that are perfectly ok or you are allowing pornography on your website. I did not think when i started an Internet Company that i would wind up dealing with fundamental questions like what is creative expression really. But that is a huge part of my job as it turns out. I could talk about moderation all day. It is fascinating kerry i want to give you guys a chance to talk about your future plans. Both sites are rapidly expanding. I think you recently had a julia childs marathon. We recently added a gaming category. Due to user demand. We had a bunch of broadcasters that wanted to broadcast themselves doing creative work. We thought that was in line with our mission to empower gaming creators. We opened up the platform for creative broadcasting as well. The launch partner was bob ross. Of bobus do a marathon ross channels. We recently did julia child on a food channel. Gaming, it is mostly user generated, a lot of people shared themselves blacksmithing or painting or making costumes. That community is vibrant and awesome and growing very fast. It is in line with the greater twitch mission which is how do we empower creators to share their passion. The thing i am most proud about is that the hundreds of people who have managed to quit their job Carpet Cleaning and doing telemarketing support, or as lawyers and now they get to broadcast themselves streaming video games or art as a living. Colder yout anything can do then enabling someone to do that. Steve, what is your plan for internet domination . Interesting an position. We have two classes of users. Reddit uterus that love we have users that love reddit. And then, we have many, many hundreds of millions of users who do not have that loyalty yet. If you were to go to read its ts fronte, reddi page, it is not at all representative of what it is. The big challenge is how do we ise the fact that reddit incredibly broad and deep obvious to our transient users. We have a ton of users who think that reddit is the center of the universe for nfl. Which it is. But they do not know that we have all of the other stuff that we do. Connecting that and educating our users that this is a place where you can get relationship guidance, the place where you a kidney match if you are in need of one of those. I want the message average user to understand as fast as possible. We have a lot of work to do that that is the most fun we can do. That is what we are excited about. That is all of the time that we have today, unfortunately. Thank you so much for joining me. Like toe leave, i would invite back on stage, lois. Youe are finally freeing for lunch. I hope you all enjoyed the morning. It was really great farm. Please be back in an hour. We will try to catch up on some time. Please take everything you brought into the room with you, out of the room. Thank you and we will see you back here in an hour. [applause] cspans washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. Coming up sunday morning, the associate editor and reporter for political will join us to within the divisions each Political Party heading into the general election. And the former deputy administrator for that transparent carry transportation security administration. We will talk about the long lines at air or 10 the impact on travelers. The chief National Security correspondent for foreign policy. Com will talk about president obama coming the third u. S. President to visit vietnam. To discuss the significance of the trip and what is on the agenda. Be sure to watch it cspans washington journal beginning live at 7 00 a. M. Eastern on sunday morning. Join the discussion. This sunday night on q a, vanity fair columnist Michael Kinsley talks about his new book old age a beginners guide to living with harken since disease. Parkinsons disease. Will iti meant was affect my thinking . That became pretty important. Neurologist what is going to happen. And he says he was trying to tell me that it was not such a big deal. He said you may lose your edge, as if that was just nothing. G,ee, my edge , it isi earn a living how i have my friends. Sunday night on cspans q a. House, resident obama awarded the National Medals of science and National Medals of technology and innovation to this years recipients. People were recognized for achievements in genetics, cancer treatment, and innovation in medical devices. This is 25 minutes. President obama welcome to the white house. Today, i have the privilege to present our nations highest ofor, the National Medals science and the National Medal of Science Technology and innovation. The amount of brain power in this room is astonishing. But, when you talk to these brilliant men and women, it is clear that the honor has not yet gone to their heads. They still put their lab coats on one arm at a time. Joining us to celebrate these achievements are members of congress. Energy, aary of pretty good scientist himself. My science advisor, john holdren, the director of the National Science foundation, france cordova, the director of the u. S. Patent and trademark office, michelle lee. And jim rathman from the National Medals of science and technology foundation. I want to thank them for all the work that they do each year to help us organize and honor the scientists and innovators in this great nation of ours. Now, we are engaging in a lot of science and tinkering here at the white house. Weve got astronomy night, weve got hackathons, codeathons, science fairs, maker fairs. It is fun i have loved this stuff. I get to test out some of the cool stuff that ends up here in the white house. This years science fair, one nineyearold named Jacob Leggette turned the tables on me and suggested that we needed to start a kids advisory group, so that young people can help us understanding whats interesting to them when it comes to s. T. E. M. Education, which i thought was a pretty good idea. Today i can announce that we are launching a kid science advisories campaign for young scientists and innovators to send in their suggestions for what we should be doing to support science and technology and inspire the next generation of scientists and innovators. So those young people out there listening, go to our website, were going to be looking for some advisories, some advice. [laughter] the real reason we do this, as ive said before, is to teach our young people that its not just the winner of the super bowl or the ncaa tournament that deserves a celebration. That we want the winners of science fairs. We want those who have invented the products and lifesaving medicines and are engineering our future to be celebrated as well, because immersing young people in science, math, engineering, thats whats going to carry the american spirit of innovation through the 21st century and beyond. Thats what the honorees who are here today represent. Many of them came from humble or ordinary beginnings, but along the way, someone or something sparked their curiosity. Someone brought them their first computer. Someone introduced them to a lab. A child in their lives needed specialized medical help. And because they lived in an america that fasters curiosity and invests in investigation and values science as important to our progress, they were able to find their calling and do extraordinary things. So there are few better examples for our young people to follow than the americans that we honor today. Just to take a couple of examples, shirley ann jackson, who is part of my science advisory group, grew up right here in washington, d. C. Hers was a quiet childhood. Her first homemade experiment involved collecting and cataloging bumble bees in her backyard. Two events happened that would not only change our countrys course but shirleys. In brown vs. Board of education, the Supreme Court handed down a landmark decision that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and the soviets launched sputnik up in the sky, sparking the space race. As shirley put it, those two events in history changed my life for good. She went on to become the first africanamerican to earn a doctorate in physics from m. I. T. , the second woman to do so anywhere in america. And over the years, dr. Jackson has revolutionized the way science informs Public Policy from rethinking safety at our Nuclear Plants to training a new generation of scientists and engineers that looks more like the diverse and inclusive america that she loves. And you have mark humayan, who emigrated to the United States with his family when he was nine years old. When his diabetic grandmother lost her vision, he began studying to become an ophthalmologist, opening he could save the sight of others. Mark helprd create the argus ii, a bionic eye that has restored vision to patients that have been blind up to 50 years. He says the moment he witnessed someone experiencing the miracle of sight for the first time in decades, those moments have been some of the happiest and most rewarding of his professional career. In his words, and i think no pun is intended, there wasnt a dry eye in the operating room. [laughter] growing up in chicago, maryclaire kings dad would sit with her in front of the t. V. For cubs and white sox games. [laughter] and make up story problems for her to solve about the players on the field. She just thought thats how everyone watched baseball, which explains why, when a College Advisory encouraged her to take a genetics course, she said i couldnt believe anything could be so fun. But every single american should be grateful for maryclaire kings path. Were glad she thought it was fun, because at a time when most scientists believed that cancer was caused by viruses, she relentlessly pursued her hunch that certain cancers were linked to inherited genetic mutations. This selfdescribed stubborn scientist kept going until she proved herself right. She discovered a single gene that predisposes women to breast cancer. That has empowered women and doctors to better understand the choices that they make when it comes to their health and their future. So these are just three examples of the remarkable stories that are represented here today. They illustrate why this is such an extraordinary moment to be a scientist in this country. Americas progress in science and technology has countless revolutionary discoveries within our reach, new materials, designed atom by atom, new forms of clean energy, new breakthroughs in cleaning cancer cancer, andng ending the wait for organ transplants, private spaceflight, a planned Human Mission to mars, a nasa probe that broke free from the solar system three years ago and it just kept on going. Thats some of what america can do. Thats why were constantly pushing congress to fund the work of our scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs and dreamers to keep america on the cutting edge. As president , im proud to honor each of you for your contributions to our nation. As an american, im proud of everything that you have done to contribute to that fearless spirit of innovation thats made us who we are and that doesnt just benefit our citizens but benefits the world. Were very proud of what youve done. So congratulations to all of you with that, lets read the citations and present the awards. [applause] National Medals of science, armand paul alivisatos. [applause] National Medal of science to armand paul alivisatos. University of california, and Berkeley National lab, california, for his foundational contributions to the field of nano science, for the development of nano crystals as a Building Block of Nano Technologies and for his leadership in the nano science community. [applause] michael artin. [applause] National Medal of science to