I dont think we should justify peoples assumptions about children or about schools under any circumstances. At the same time, i think you have to recognize probably the difficulty for somebody who has no experience both of the south or of poverty or of our Public Schools and doesnt know the craft of teaching. They probably have, as you would know because youve taught, right . They have a lot to learn. And i just hope that people come to schools with humility, understanding that theyre not there to impose their will or vision onto the children or the schools. Made assumptions about the students and their capabilities and it is a recurring issue over time. I want to add something from my city with a 4000 population. We have a Votech Center. And instead of Government Force for people to go here and there, people want to come. We have our Votech Center you may have read about, the sundance are solar car racing scene, we won the National Championship of the winston dell solar challenge in our division for the last 16 years competing against new york city and other places, a small town where they build they have to take a class for two years to build a solar car and race it across country one year. Another year they race it in dallas around the track. Kids want to be on this team. Why not put things into the school that only the Public Schools, teaching them a trade and everybody would want to come back to the school in my opinion is have the Business Owners come in and help other schools and selfesteem to me is the most important thing a child needs when they graduate high school. By building that football team, these young boys that have may be none, never would have had a chance to play football before, putting confidence in them. If they graduate with confidence, they can make it in the world. Another question . I graduated from link central high school, and one of the things, we were a very next school, black, white, hispanic, but now we are seeing a lot of white sloth, parents say the school is good, education is good and my kid is learning, they are enjoying it, they take their kid out and say various comments like mike it is not going to central africa. How do you curb white blight . The question was how did we encourage . How do you curb it . The truth is in 1973, 1974, the United StatesSupreme Court, in looking what was happening with radical desegregation here and elsewhere enshrined white flight as the best response to radical desegregation in the inner cities of chicago and detroit. In milliken versus bradley, instead of forcing the focus back on innercity schools, what brown versus board was really about was it was inherently discriminatory to black children to be held back by being in isolated schools. That was the interest at stake. It later became by the time we were there, the reason to integrate was to, quote, get around or remedy 300 years of intentional discrimination against black people. That was a massive task. That was the end, any means could be justified. It is so strange it was in four years of that the court was enshrining white flight as a way to get around programs that ought to focus on the only way to get around the assumptions the teacher was talking about is to be in close proximity in a high school or someplace like that, spend a lot of time together. That is the hope of integration and it worked for us. I want to ask you and tina one of the things i observed in the press of girls writing and especially talking about the book after it was published. My sense was it was still a learning process and a reconciliation process in a way that surprised me, can you talk a little bit about how that works in the discussions of the book after it was published . Robert gibbs is a former judge, a lawyer, an africanamerican fellow and a good friend. He said this book is the first chapter of another chapter that will be coming from the africanamerican perspective a little bit more. It still raises the same pressure points, hits the same pressure points. It is a matter of emphasis on the part of the white community. It is a source of great anger still that black children, Brinkley High School is one of the best performing high schools in the state of mississippi in 1969, it basically ceased to exist, sacrificed on the altar of desegregation. They took their chance, folded their uniforms up and put them away. Brinkley is at junior high school. There is a lot of anger about that and what we learned in doing the book, we thought we white people gave it up for desegregation. We thought liberal back patting, not you, but it was the black kids that gave up a lot more than we did to achieve what we achieved and some are really angry about it. There is a chapter where we talk about what we learned and how we feel about it and there are different opinions about it. Donnie and i feel that in our profession it helped us be a better healthcare professional and he, an attorney and represent are of people needing his help, we dont think twice about what color people are or what their religion is, their patients that come into my practice i try to help them to the best of my ability in the same way. Would it be like that if we had not gone to mara . It opened our eyes to a different segment of society, opened our hearts to understand people that didnt have what we have, not that we had that much. This is a lot of rich white people we were not all rich. We did learn the spirit of excellence murrah had to take it with his in our lives to be better people and serve our communities. I am proud of all the professionals and folks that came out of the class because our education wasnt too good, in ninth grade we learned anything, some of us had problems getting to the point we should have been at in college. Could you comment on how you think this experience of what might determine the failure of desegregation in jackson, might have an impact on attitudes about Public School funding in mississippi . [laughter] immediately after the schools were integrated Public School funding declined was a lot of that was not necessarily state funds but local funds. As Everybody Knows a lot of education is funded through local funds. The most obvious example is in the delta. When all the white folks left delta schools, the first thing they did was lower the millage rates for the schools. All of the sudden the schools are getting less money not because the state reduced appropriations but because local governments were not giving those schools as much money. Mississippi has tried to do more. Governor winters education reform act in 1982, there was the adequate education reform act but that has never been fully funded. You try to equalize those inequities you see with local governments paying more for schools and others not, but it is on the books but it has not been funded. Definitely became an issue. The last on the issue in jackson was in 88, airconditioning jacks Public Schools, there has been one since then that has passed. And it is where the community at large speaks most clearly when doing something that improves Public Schools. You have a question . I happened to go to Bailey Murrah several years ahead of you. I looked much younger. I think it would be appropriate if it is okay with ahmadi it moderator. It would be appropriate to recognize every person in here who has been a teacher, by raising a hand. Teachers. [applause] as we talk about Public Schools, we mention jackson Public Schools, in one week the superintendent recognized the superintendent of the year, the state of mississippi and this past week, the next week they were put on probation for failing 22 out of 31 categories, speaking of leadership, we dont seem to be paying attention. Who is driving the train . We have Great Teachers for the most part, teach for america, and others, what are we doing so dramatically wrong in the city of jackson, throughout the state . We might have time for one more really brief question. It is a good question. If anybody has any ideas how to improve it. It is clearly a losing battle that we are not fighting very well. Faulkner said in 1954 right after brown that mississippians would first take to the streets with guns to fight against desegregation in Public Schools. He was drinking a little bit. He said back then it would include him. He said over the long haul mississippi cant afford to finance two subpar schools, School Districts or forms of school, and turned out to be exactly right. He was right about a lot of stuff he said back then. It is really true. The answers of not become very clear. A little leadership would help. I keep thinking about the question, how you curb this, it is framed in the wrong way. The question is how do we make Public Schools better so that all students want to attend them and can . How do we fight the forces in some ways of selfishness or selfjustification, how do we stop this investing in our schools providing people the American Dream . Only semifunctional ones. I wonder to what extent we reduce that problem . How do we get white people to stay in schools . How do we make the schools better . That answer comes back to kids. When you see Public School students you understand they are being deprived of opportunities, those schools need attention, funding, political will, people to come teach even if they do not teach all that well. We are about out of time. Thank you for coming and participating. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] you are watching booktv live coverage of the mississippi book festival. That was a discussion on education. In a few minutes we will hear from authors on the history of the Civil Rights Movement. Live coverage on booktv. Here is a look at some authors recently featured on booktvs afterwards, the Author Interview program. Dana lash contended the us is dividing itself into two countries, coastal america and fly over america. There was tension inside, republicans doing things, gaetz was against some things that happened in the operation. He thought we should bomb the place and let it go and not jeopardize the field. If something had gone wrong and they had been captured they would be accused they had no protection. They were committing a war crime. Killing a prisoner of war, they executed a prisoner of war, and letting a country without notice to the authorities know what happened. Afterwards airs on booktv every saturday at 10 00 pm and sunday at 9 00 pm eastern. You can watch all previous after words programs on our website, booktv. Org. Here is a look at the books president obama is reading this summer that is a look at what is on president obamas reading list this summer. Booktv recently visited capitol hill to ask numbers of congress what they are reading this summer. I read a lot of books all at the same time. Sometimes i will finish a book all in one sitting. More often than not i read different parts of a book. One book i finish reading a short time ago is a great book i understand you did a segment on, the millionaire and the bard. I am a big fan of shakespeare and the Folder Library is down the street from where i live. They picked it up and it is a terrific book about folger who went on a spree to buy shakespeares folio, a huge collection not just of folios but enough material on shakespeare at the Folder Library, and how it ended up in washington dc. I am also reading rereading the righteous mind. It is a book about communicating how we communicate in a more incentive way. If you picture an elephant, a rider on the elephant, the elephant is making the decisions, the rider merely explains what the elephant is doing. A lot of times you talk to the rider who is not making the decisions, you ought to be talking to the elephant. It is a good way to remember you should be talking to the elephant making the decisions. In a time of a political situation arena, it it is important to a book i am rereading. I am also rereading death of the National Gallery a week or so ago causing accidental masterpiece, about how you see art. To me, because i am a great lover of art, you see beauty of art and every day objects and everywhere you look this is another interesting book. I like color, i like art, i do my own art, ceramics. Reading, i want to mention, is foundational, english is not my first language and i credit a librarian in Elementary School who awakened my love of reading, and little kids at the library and, she read mary poppins. It is foundational, basically to be a good writer, you should be a reader. I am a pretty voracious reader. Anything else you are reading this summer . I picked up h is for hawk. I also read the new yorker compilations of short stories on my ipad and those are things i can read and when i have time i have a number of those kinds of books on my ipad. Another thing i want to mention, when you think of books that change your way of thinking there is one book that did that for me in college and that was the feminine mystique. Literally a light bulb went on when i read that book and i decided maybe my life is not going to consist of getting married and having children, that kind of life i should be thinking about taking care of myself and extending my own horizon. That is one book that totally changed my way of thinking. Booktv wants to know what you are reading, tweet is your answer, booktv or posted on facebook. Com booktv. To the federal governments mobilization of the war on crime promoted a particular type of social control, one that signals target arrest of racially motivated america and the creation of industry support this regime of control are among the central characteristics of domestic policy in the late 20th century. The decisions policymakers and officials, part of a larger coalition made at the highest levels of government. For low income americans and the nation, unintended, those choices may have been, at different times, different political moments. Ultimately, the bipartisan consensus of policymakers fixated on police in an urban space and removing generations of young men and women of color from their communities to live and die in prison. We can excuse actions and choices historical actors made of the progress of the time or merely an electoral tactic but by doing so we will avoid confronting enslavement that prevents the nation from realizing the promise of astounding principles. Until recently the devastating outcomes of the war on crime have gone unnoticed. For Many Americans it appeared discrimination ended with the Civil Rights Movement in the United States had to move beyond exploitation. Alongside the tremendous growth in american law enforcement, the black middleclass surfaced cup and to forget americans consumed areas of power, and the presidency of barack obama. These achievements create cultural pathology and personal responsibility, making it seem systematic incarceration of groups of racially marginalized citizens reflected the national order. Political representation and the fact some black americans amassed substantial wealth and capital do not mean historical races and any quality is not news to many of you who are in the room today. Africanamericans grew affluent by 1965. The next financial asset for black american households were 7448. Only 448 above that, White American households, black middleclass is concentrated in the public sphere, the extent of state spending on domestic program. Insulating Racial Inclusion by africanamerican activists and allies during black history month, the Critical Reforms of the postwar period have been negated by priorities remaining on unrecognized. 9 years after the passage of the Voting Rights act, the dawn of mass incarceration the Supreme Court ruled it constitutional to deny convicted felons the right to vote. State of removed convicts from voter rolls since the 1974 richardson versus ramirez decision, 6 million americans, most of whom have served their sentences are deprived of the franchise. As a result of racial disparity, with criminal justice practices, and estimated one out of 13 africanamericans will not vote in the 2016 election due to a prior conviction. Because of this set of punitive policies, a key civil rights gain of the 1960s has come and gone. To make a questionable situation worse, u. S. Census counts people who are incarcerated in state and federal prisons as residents of the county where they are serving time. It determines representation. The rule areas are home to the minority of the us population, home to the majority of prisons. In other words urban americans lost representation with enfranchisement work and rules that favor republicans, gain representation because of how the prison system works. As mobility remain stagnant, Public Schools in many urban neighborhoods are more segregated today than they were before the Civil Rights Movement. You can watch this and other programs online booktv. Org. Here is a look at some books being published this week. Political commentator ann coulters in trump we trust lays out why she support the republican president ial candidate in trump revealed. Look for these titles in bookstores this coming weekend watch for many of the authors in the near future on booktv on cspan2. Now, in the state capital in jackson, booktv live coverage of the mississippi book festival continues. These are authors talking about the history of civil rights in the south. Good afternoon. Welcome to the mississippi book festival. Our panel on civil rights history. A few housekeeping rules, remember to silence your cell phones. Books are available and mrs. Be stre