She had gone out and bought the afternoon. Its a spectacular book and if you havent read Walter Isaacson its a joy to read him. He can access with the devices that connect our lives. Everyone if he was carrying around some of you that has dozens and dozens of independent technological strength to give us the connectivity that if we just assume today. Walter is the best person i know at explaining the connection that lead to the things that change our lives. In his new book the innovators how a group of hackers, geniuses and geeks created the digital revolution walter strings together not just the hero stories but the stories you wouldnt hear because these things are not made by individuals. Walter does a phenomenal job of explaining how the teamwork involved in the history is exciting and riveting. Now i will just go back to my script for one minute. Im going to quote salon. Com which is a pity when america understands genius is Walter Isaacson. [applause] thank you very much. I wasnt a genius but ive written about a few people who are. Its great to be here at the miami book festival something ive loved for many years now that tom healy has taken it over. I particularly want to thank emma calvi and eduardo pipe ram who is the president of the miamidade Community College because they are doing in their own different way something that is really important for the digital revolution which is make it inclusive and make sure everybody can be part of this revolution. You may know he has created something called launch code. Its going to come to miami and senate will be all over the world but what it is is six weeks for we can learn coding and be part of the revolution. Likewise this is the greatest Community College in america and i want to thank eduardo for hosting it. [applause] i never worked throughout this book the innovators for 20 years off and on. It began when iran Digital Media for Time Magazine back in the days before we knew what Digital Media was before we could get directly on the internet and before there were web browsers in the early 1990s but when the web browsers and the idea of putting the magazine on the internet came along which started to do it and i got called in by my boss the president of timing and he asked me a very simple question which is who owns the internet . I thought thats a clueless question. Who runs it, who built it who is in charge of it and i realized i did not know the answer to that question. I started gathering strength because the good thing about learning about Digital Media sector to meet all these people, people that ive never heard of but should be heroes of a revolution. People like rick licklider who created interactive computing and they lead up to people like steve jobs, bill gates sergey brin and the people we all know as leaders of this revolution. I was lucky enough to be able to meet these people and i started gathering strength and started collecting stories. I would say when he founded intel tell me that story. Icom from vienna which is a place filled with storytellers and its a great journalist and asked some football questions which is tell me your story. I was gathering the stories and i put them aside as you may know when steve jobs called. I had done one on Benjamin Franklin won on Albert Einstein and he called and said what a dumain next . I must admit my first reaction was but then i was told he was fighting off cancer realized it would be a great chance to be part of being up close to somebody who had been a revolutionary. It was a revolutionary and we know we were stored history a little bit. We made it seem like it was a visionary like edison or moore or steve jobs or bill gates or einstein. They have a lightbulb moment moment and all of a sudden innovation occurs. One thing about steve jobs ever less was he was a visionary. He made a dent in the universe by his Creative Vision but he also did it collaboratively. He was a strong cup of tea for those of you who know about him. He was sometimes hard to work with but everyone i talk to said he may be crazy but i wouldnt have given up the chance to work with him. He drove me to do things i didnt know i could do. At the end of my time with steve when he was stepping down from apple i asked him a question which was what product are you the most proud of and i thought he would say mcintosh or the ipod or the iphone. He was always a bit tough and he said those are hard products to create but whats really hard is to create a team that continues to create great products. The product im most proud of is apple. Thats when i realized in his introduction that this is not just about geniuses but how to form creative teams and that is what all of us do in our lives. We realize we play our role in some person might be the visionary and some might be good execution prevision without execution is just hallucinations they need to put these people together. You need to put steve jobs and Steve Wozniak but also a lot of engineers who built a or create apple. The second lesson i learned from steve jobs was one i had my first long walk with him. He talks about the fact that he was a humanities kid as he put it growing up. He loved the arts and the love letter chill literature buddies that i was also an electronics geek and i thought that was strange. I kind of related to that. He knew how to make a Soldering Iron but i was basically a humanities kid. He said i learned from reading something that edward lamps said that the people who stand at the intersection of the arts and sciences are going to be the place where creativity is. Its not just about stem but humanities and the arts but also those of us in the humanities and arts want to make sure we understand the technology that we dont say that grabs the engineers. I have a framework for the book in my daughter who is whatever you are applying to college 16 or 17 she was applying to college and being the type of parents my wife and i are we thought we are supposed to be involved with this process. What are you writing your internship about it for me read it and she being the daughter she is was having none of that. I said well what you do and she said remind me again. Lord mirons daughter was the first Computer Programmer. I realize that she was a good frame for the book i was trying to write this ada lovelace which is where the book begins and where the book and was as i said lord mirons daughter. In the early 1800s she is growing up with a poetic streak because her father is a great romantic poet but her mother that is enough petition and her mother does not want a do to grow up to be like her father because if you know anything about lord byron you know that lady byron thought he was too much of her romantic poet and had wandered off never to be seen again. So she had eight in mathematics as if understanding mathematics was an antidote to being poetic or romantic. It didnt quite work because what ada lovelace does the she combines poetry with mathematics. She calls it political science. She stands at that intersection that i mentioned that steve jobs is talking about. As soon as i read that i remembered that intersection that was fun to slide that Steve Jobs Used to show every product launch. Go to youtube and you can find it and on the screen there would be a street sign liberal Arts Technology and you can say that is what we say at that intersection. So ada standing at that intersection and reading about her because she wandered around Industrial Revolution in england in 1830s and she saw the mechanical limb using punch cards to do beautiful patterns. They were mechanized limbs. Her father lord byron was a luddite and i mean that literally. He was defending the followers were smashing the mechanical looms on the theory that the technology was putting creative people out of work. Back then in 1830s it was thought technology would put people out of work. They were wrong then and they are wrong now when they think that ada knew they were wrong and she looked at the punch card that were doing these limbs and she had a friend named Charles Charles charles babbage. She came up with the concept that is basically at the heart of what the computer revolution is all about which is that with the punchcard or any type of program you can make a numerical machine do anything as she put it anything that can be noted in symbol words music, art, patterns and so she came up and showed in a scientific paper which an area was not usual for a woman to publish in a scientific journal she published a paper that described how this would work and she publishes stepbystep and the first Computer Programming how you would instruct the machine did do a particular task. It is a program that goes stepbystep and has all sorts of embedded things. Something a coder in miamidade would look at it and say ive got it thats essentially what we do some of the virtues of planar Computer Programmer and it amazes me they were so many women at the beginning of this revolution that have been somewhat written out of history. So i leap forward 100 years to the 1930s, late 1930s where real Real Computers family come into existence. To me this was the beginning of a revolution but its like the Industrial Revolution because two things happen. Its not just the steam engine and mechanical processors. The Industrial Revolution is not just a steam engine or mechanical processing. Combining the two. When you combine the steam engine with chemical processors you get an Industrial Revolution and what happens for the digital revolution was the combination of computers and the personal computer and the internet eventually. To me it was a true revolution. I realized i have had been writing about revolutions in the past. I wrote about the scientific revolution and certainly the American Revolution we know about. Did Benjamin Franklin because i thought we should know we wrote about the evolution. If you want to understand the values of america and where we are going it helps to know how or if founders got it started. Yet there was no real history of the digital revolution. There was nobody who had tried to tie it all together. They are our unknown heroes of that revolution pic i got an email from a friend of mine who had written a book in the city know you are writing the history of our generation just like other people with a history of vietnam or world war ii or the depression generation. The history of our generation the revolution of our generation was not political and not military. It was a digital revolution. So i went to the 1930s having set it up with ada lovelace and an amazing character you are going to learn a lot more about next week because i wanted to take him out of the shadows of history the same as alan turing. Id worked hard to take them out of the shadows of history displaying him in a movie. We will do it a thousand times table but ill be able to do and do what he called the imitation game. What alan turing did was threefold. First of all he loved history. He understand to build on ada lovelace because he has to solve complicated math problem. I wont burden you with a problem except its somewhat related to the theory and how you figure out whether things are provable. He doesnt mechanical process to do so. He comes up with the concept of machine that can compute any logical sequence. He calls it a logical computing machine and basically universal. He uses it to solve a math problem or frankly the math problem except for a few math geeks is not the more important part. The more important part was the concept of universal total logical computing machine that can do anything. Then he goes to Bletchley Park secretly. Hes very much a loner and a longdistance runner. When he got sent off to boarding school his parents had gone to india and the foreign service. He writes his bicycle for two days to go to boarding school in a boarding school he discovers he is. By the time alan turing gets varies quite a loner and feels like an outsider but he learns is how to sing at the beginning its all about collaboration and all about teamwork. What they do is they break the german wartime code which made them more than anything else to help us with world war ii. Finally coming out of it he wrestled with this question of free will are we programmed and rp are who we are because we are like machines that are programmed and we have free will will . Wrestles with what he calls lady lovelaces objection. Ada lovelace is at the end of her paper saying that machines can do everything and anything had a caveat. She said the one thing they wont be a listing that have imagination. They wont be able to originate thought. Machines will never think. Machines are different from humans. Alan turing said how would we know back . How can we test that . Alan turing is wrestling with this notion are we fundamentally different from machines . So alan turing comes up with what he calls the imitation game because thats the name of the movie. We now call it the turing test but its simply a way to decide whether or not a machine is you take a machine and put it a different room with a the human. You send the questions and after a while you cant tell the difference between the answers coming back from one side and the answer coming back from the other side you cant tell which is the machine and which is the human. He says theres no reason to believe that a machine isnt thinking. In the Philosophy Department you can argue about consciousness and whether or not thats a good test but it has become the defining test of machine Machine Learning in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence of the digital age and it sets up two strands of the digital revolution. People like ada lovelace who believe the point was to connect humans and Technology Humanity and science the imagination and creativity of us humans connecting to the processing machines would augment each other and the partnership symbiosis she called it would be stronger than machines alone. At some point artists or so intelligence who believe they will have robots and we will be needless and there will be a singularity and wont be useless. I tend to be an optimist. I believe the combination of humans and machines has always been more powerful than the quest for pure artificial Artificial Intelligence. I dont know what will happen in the future but i know ever since alan turing but the imitation game paper he said in 20 years we will have Artificial Intelligence. You can read that in the New York Times the 1950s and even go to the beginning of this year year. 20 years they will bring us Artificial Intelligence. This oneofakind my book who i will get to me and my get to a mom. Nick licklider said maybe so but in the meantime why do we connect more closely to our machines because thats going to be more useful. All the data points we have over 60 years or so of the digital revolution has been the combination that aid envisioned of humans and machines has always proved more fruitful than the quest for Artificial Intelligence. Alan turings on life in some ways is tragic, heroic somewhat of a reminder that maybe we arent machines. After he does the imitation game people keep saying thats not how it works. You have to have impulses. You have to have desires to be human or as a machine wouldnt have that. He was silent on those parts of the debate because at that time he was engaged in an activity when the debates over the imitation game imitation game was happening that was so human he would have found them incomprehensible. The young man who moved in with him gets burglarized in the midst of the police that they have a sexual relationship and i think the police reluctantly because he is somewhat of a National Hero arrest him. Very tragic and they sentenced him as if you were machine to have a poor man treatments to change his orientation. Its really weird to think you could reprogram the basic essence of who we are as humans. Totally wrong but he goes along with it and takes it in stride for a while but then one night he takes an apple takes cyanide and bites into it and commit suicide. That is not something a machine would have done. Imitation game was over. It was clear alan turing was human. To me thats an inspirational thing which is a great heroic person who makes us understand the nature of our humanity and how we have to respect each aspect of our humanity. That machine that he built with his team at Bletchley Park england was a great electronic machine called colossal which helped break the code. But it wasnt odd enough what you would call the turing complete machine at the because it only had one purpose which was breaking the enigma codes are the german codes. To be a rogue computer because i asked myself on the book who did the first computer and you think it would be easy since its one of the most important events of our time. Besides the computer at Bletchley Park there to computers that are in contention the United States very theres one in germany that gets bombed by the allies during during the warranty never completed or the one in the electronic computer. Theres a guy at iowa state named John Vincent Atanasoff and this will illustrate the difference between the loners and the teams. John atanasoff was a loner. He built a machine at iowa state. He didnt have a team around him. He had one graduate student working with him. He would get in his oldsmobile and