For the mass level government large. For me resilience also involves personal resilience and many of the steps that you mentioned are also steps on a personal level. There is another presentation that will be made tomorrow by a woman by the name of Rebecca Alexander who plays Peter Alexander of nbc, isnt msnbcs sister who is very accomplished because she has a retinal good journey of disease where shes losing her vision and her hearing and the book is not fade away. She talks about whats necessary for personal resilience which is not to look back. Can i ask you . Im sorry. Can you comment about personal resilience . There are important narrators about resilience. My answer is really to create and all of us more resilient people so that we dont have to build it only after we face adversity and there were numerous personal examples in this book that do reflect heroic individuals preparing and responding effectively but thank you. Thank you for this lecture. My name is alex and im an innovator in residence at sawyer university. My question is whenever theres a disaster social media plays an increasing role. There is all kinds of social creativity. What are your thoughts on building resilience in social media . I think social media and again i talk about several examples in the book can play a positive role or a negative role so in the boston example and many others we saw there was a need to be able to communicate effectively and quickly so that social media didnt spread general rumors in way that really prevent people responding as effectively. So thats the downside of social media. The Positive Side is that being all over the world often social media is an area that you can see a problem emerging and in the help example when asked about they didnt have very effective social media there were some there were so many other countries did and so they didnt have the kinds of Early Warning signs for a disease surveillance network. After the sars outbreak, and part of that is relying on social media as Early Warning signs of good things and bad things. Thank you. Good question. Hello i am ceo of United States artists and organizations that you helped found and now having worked with their leaders i believe they have so many of the characteristics that you speak of. There is resiliency and redundancy and im curious to know in the many studies in the book in the examples that you take what are examples where creative people and artists were called upon in ways that help bring greater resilience or responses to some of these examples . Yes, one of the great recovery and revitalization examples is the city of glasgow in scotland and they were kind of down and out in the manufacturing sound like detroit. They have revitalized and rebuilt almost entirely on developing the arts bringing more creative people in and showing the sign of innovation and revitalization that occurs when artists are using their energy and creativity in the community. I think some of you know that when i was president of the university of pennsylvania we worked very closely and reenergize to the very Disadvantaged Community on our doorstep. One of the first things that we did is as we were working on economic revitalization was the free space to artists because we knew if artists came into the community their energy and their creativity would help in the revitalization process. Then finally in february one of the things thats so interesting is when you go to the top of the hill to take a gondola down or one of the escalators down you see the people have decorated all of the elements. They have all become artists on their own because they are expressing creativity and imagination and exclusion in a way that they didnt do before. Its so beautiful to watch that kind of response. There are three more people behind you and if each of you can ask short questions and short answers we can get them on. Im Roger Bernstein from miami. Syria and the burden on jordan, on turkey, on lebanon. Wheres the resilience of how to prepare for that . Rockefeller has an initiative we launched at our centennial called 100 gazillion cities and i have to tell you that reading applications we have had 800 applications from cities around the world and reading the applications by many of those cities are receiving so many of those refugees and are completely burdened in terms of their own population, their physical resources, their energy resources. There are some cities that are more resilient. They werent prepared for refugees that they have more adaptive capacities than other cities that are going to go down as a result of the refugee overflow. Priscilla daines. I work a lot with professionals to deal with abuse. He said part of building resilience he is learning how to fail could you a little bit about the use and building resiliency through the parents and educators . Absolutely. I think we really do need to redefine what skills our Education System is trying to train for. Walter talked eloquently in the last session about science and math and all of those obviously im an educator and i believe that all of those are critical. But we need to teach our children how to cope successfully, how to fail more safely, how to draw outside the lines, not just are there are inside lines. Our Education System is often focus on learning how to draw inside the lines. I think that now i hope through this book in her other books that educators particularly in k12 will be thinking about that because we are losing our innovation and that edge. We pride ourselves on Silicon Valley and are amazingly innovative and entrepreneurial country but we could help our children to learn how to be better in invaders in the more resilient. I appreciate your continuing support. There has to be enough for definition of resilience. I promised you the last question. Bob diamond from boca raton. Wanted to say hello from nyu. She was a college professor. She was a baby when she taught me. I was older than the teacher. Im looking forward to reading your book and i would like to ask you what jurisdictions are basically adopting some of these principles text. We see San Francisco as amazing in terms of their degree of resilience and they are both preparing that they have used the earthquake is really a way to Start Building innovation. They share the lifeline council. They have all elements that are communications, electricity, and government are integrated in their planning process and now they have adapted because they are the home of uberand the sharing economy and excess capacity is another resilience feature so they have built that in. It used to be a bar crawl for the navy. Its now used to train all their citizens on readiness and preparedness. Its really amazing what they are doing so we see lots of back both in the United States and around the world. Obviously we think of the dutch as being quite resilient but they are doing it through hard infrastructure. I think what our work has shown is that this day and age when we worry about Climate Change and other issues Green Infrastructure is much less expensive environmentally and of course much more protective and builds a new framework for the 21st century. Judith rodin thank you very much and thank you all. [applause] live coverage from Miami Book Fair continues on booktv on cspan2. As you can see the sun has set. Its evening time here in miami. The wind is still blowing pretty hard. Lots of folks still out and we still have one more life event coming up and that is Richard Dawkins the scientist. His most recent book is an appetite for wonder the making of a scientist and that will be coming up in just a little whi while. Joining us now on cspan bus is maybe not a face you are familiar with but maybe a voice you are familiar with. The senior economics correspondent with marketplace and npr Minnesota Public Radio as well as a columnist for bloomberg. He has written this book, unretirement how baby boomers are changing the way we think about work. Chris farrell first off wended the magic number of 65 years old come into play . We are going back to the 1880s with bismarck and you come up with this notion and you look at the evolution of social concerns in europe and it just became 65. Franklin roosevelt signed Social Security in 1935. 65 was lets hedge our bets. In outs about 75 if you round off the numbers. Can you still work retire at 65 and a comfortable . Theres an enormous rethinking of this life because we have this incredible powerful image of retiring and you stop working. You are going to the keep working. Zero thanks im going to keep working until i drop dead. The baby boomers are educators. They are healthier and our Career Center jobs all the epson downs is a big part of who we are. A lot of people dont want to walk away from that and if you look at the numbers many people are actually working during these traditional retirement years and how do you describe this . I call it unretirement. You have probably heard the expression encore careers. The british have an expression but its all about continuing parttime work flex work contract work. Its an enormous experimentation thats going on. Is it because we have to . Its been hard to say that not because people have been going to the mall and losing control of credit cards but for example its really expensive to educate kids and so its been very difficult for people to save so yes it does make a difference but i also think theres a search for meaning. Theres a search for engagement and work is also a social institution. Its a place where someone has a baby and we celebrate that. Theres an appreciation of work is a social institution and also because we have the skill and knowledge. And people dont want to walk way from that. And its because we have this gift and its an opportunity and longevity so we are living longer so staying engaged in earning an income but find something that we really want to do. Chris farrell is our guest. We are talking about his most recent book unretirement how baby boomers are changing the way we think about work. Here is the cover. We will put the phone lines on the screen in case youd like to participate in a conversation with mr. Farrell 20258538810 east central timezones 5853891 mountain and pacific timezones. Now Chris Farrell comedy baby boomers are going to be retiring in the next three, five, 10 years . The baby boomer generation 76 million born between 1946 and 1964 and from now until 2030, 10,000 boomers are hitting the age of 65 every day. So its a big number. The other thing is believe it or not the baby boomers its not all about the boomers. We simply are engaging in society. Even when the boomers pass on we are going to be an older society. This is a global phenomenon. The u. S. Has a relatively young population compared to places elsewhere in the world. We have to break down a lot of stereotypes we have about older people in their creativity in her knowledge because theres a sense of the real problem with our economy as we will have all these old people and they are not very creative and stuck in their ways and we have too many young people supporting too many older people but that belongs to a different economy in a Different Society the different era. I think we are going to learn older people are creative and they will continue to work. They will be doing Different Things. Look you and you are doing something for 30 years do you want to do a . No you probably want to find Something Else to do but you will contribute and your employer is going to be healthier in a Household Income will be higher in the Social Security bill will be easier to pay. Is there room in the economy for the older generation . There is. We are shaped by personal experience and that was a question if you remember back in the 1980s i was asked a lot when you really have the rise of the professional woman collegeeducated moving into professions, moving into highlyskilled jobs starting to move into management and the Womens Movement has got a long ways to go still a 2014 is not 1984 and there has been a lot of progress. Our economy can absorb a lot of growth. The fact is more people working is going to create a lot of wealth. 2025852025853880 for east and central timezones 58538914 pacific. You write that the specter of downward mobility in retirement is a looming reality for both middle and higher income workers and you are quoting somebody here. Part of the genesis of this book and you have seen this, all these longterm Economic Forecast with the aging population. Its not just people havent saved enough in their individual households, its that the economy is going to be less dynamic. I think fundamentally is this really true and what if people are more engaged . What if they do continue to work longer . I changes that calculation and so a lot of the gloom and doom about how little we have saved for retirement in general but retirement but people earning an income. Think of it this way. You make 10,000 a year near retirement. Thats the equivalent of having a 200,000dollar portfolio which you would draw 4 and thats kind of a standard how much can you withdraw from your portfolio, take 4 . So thats 10,000. If you make 20,000 you can start doing the math there so it does have a powerful impact on the household finances. One final question before we go to calls. You have a chapter called rewriting the social compact. Do we need to adjust how we administer Social Security . Do we need to adjust some of the older age federal programs . Well heres the thing. We have never had a good retirement system. The best retirement system we have is Social Security and theres this sort of mythologizing about the defined benefit the traditional plan in the postworld war ii era but only 11 to 12 of privatesector workers ever worked long enough in one company to take advantage of that so we have never had a very good Retirement Savings except for Social Security. So part of this is if people are going to be working longer we want people to be taking more risks. I do think we need to build on top of Social Security or some sort of low cost very simple system and there are lots of proposals over the years to make it easier for people to save for retirement. We need to shore up Social Security and we need to create incentives for people to work longer. There is a strand of thought that says if that we make things miserable enough people will work longer. No of we create incentives so that people will work longer heres a quick one john shogun. You have worked 40 years. As far as Social Security is concerned you are paid up. You dont pay in the system and theres no penalty but theres a bump up in your pay and you are to your employer all of a sudden. You quote Steven Landsberg at the university of rochester most economics can be summarized in four words, people respond to incentives and the rest is commentary. I think thats absolutely true. We have a system and i deal with disability. Its people get older disability starts rising that we have a disability system that says either you are disabled or you can work. A lot of people live in the gray area but reforming again these incentives incentives. How do we performer system in a way that people can continue to contribute and recognize that they do have some disabilities. Again think about what will it take to encourage more people to work and by the way that everybody can. But for the people who can they will create the wealth that can support the secam. Unretirement is the name of the book, Chris Farrell is the author in the evidence is on the line from west virginia. Caller how are you both today . Im interested in what you said about Older Americans searching for meaning and i guess you meant relevancy from working. As a former activist and wondering how do you engage Older Americans who are in retirement to work with young people who are interested in Progressive Social change but dont exactly know how. How do you motivate them to become more concerned and engaging connections with the youth . U. S. Hit on a really important topic and theres a Grassroots Movement growing around the country. Theres an organization encore. Org based out of San Francisco. Creating encore fellows in trying to encourage people to take their skills that they have developed over a lifetime and just what you are saying taken into the social server side of the economy. Part of it is looking, people are looking for an income. This is not the traditional volunteer work. Theres not a big demand for a huge income. Understanding what you are doing, you are going to make only a little bit of money but thats okay. Its a contractor you want that contract. Im going to show up for work and im going to do this job and im going to try to address some of the most pressing social issues in our society. I think that this is an enormous opportunity. Its an enormous opportunity for a country because we have this educated generation that does want to give back. Not in the traditional sense necessarily of giving her money or volunteering your time. You are doing those things but in our work lives working in nonprofit organizations and working in the social service sector, helping out with Government Agencies so encore. Org is one resource that you can go to to find out where might i research this further and where can i in my neig