1986. I arrived at wbal radio as a general manager and from the 50s to the mid70s, wbal retial at keillor at the orioles game and one of the objectives when i got there was to repatriate the orioles. Then and now finnmark really staggering at their expense level and its hard to run these things at a profit and you hope that you can create a halo effect and the overall benefit of having the game on the radio in baltimore. It eliminates the whole station. As a, i had it in my mind that we wanted these games. I went up to new york and i sold my pants off. Frank benet who was the ceo of the Hearst Corporation like my enthusiasm and they liked my passion. They put me through the hoops every Business Model that you could look at and i have an answer for everything. I went back home and we made a deal with the orioles and i thought now we are really going to be able to go on. That was the year that they started 022. [laughter] and i was dying. You couldnt sell advertising to anybody. There was a morbid curiosity about the team that all they did was lose. Jim was in the company at that time to the i think that he was one of the guys laughing, he thought he was hot stuff. And she signed up for the orioles. But there is a lesson. John and frank tease me but never beat me up. They supported the decision. But for the grace of god he says all of us made decisions that didnt work. But it was a formative kind of decision and i said i lived to tell about it in the Hearst Corporation. Its funny 28 years later. We have about another half hour and i wonder if you think its time to open up and take questions. There is a microphone and because we are recording this, we need to get the questions on the microphone. We get the first question and then it goes well in my experience. I used to call at the helen thomas affect to ask the first question. Thank you. My name is emily and im journalist here. My question is what i would love to hear from both of you. You mentioned your fear of what will happen to longterm Investigative Journalism with the declines in newspapers and i wanted to know what you see as television and changing the role to make up for that. Good television stations are going to develop more resources to the Investigative Journalism. We have to train our people to do that kind of work and we are a company that is demonstrably doing that. We have got some very talented Investigative Reporters. We are going to have to learn to be more patient in a newspaper and people remind us that the time required for really great Investigative Journalism pieces longer than it is typically the case for the kind of television reporting that we do so we are going to have to be more patient and have to train people and are going to have to put resources to it than i think that you are going to see the best tv stations in the country doing that made every year i go to the awards and we have been lucky enough to win a number of those almost every year and i am impressed by the investigative pieces i dont think the newspapers are going to go entirely away and i dont need to be so negative about the newspaper industry. We on this and into the newspaper and in San Francisco and then an albany new york to name four of them and i will tell you all of those stations, all those newspapers are profitable this year and they are reshaping their business. They are creating more Digital Products and they are working harder at the work before them. Databases is contracting but they are finding efficiencies and i think we need newspapers to survive in one form or another Going Forward and our company is continuing to invest in newspaper resources so they can continue to do that kind of work. I would add is a very exciting time to be an investigative journalist. I started in 1989 on an Investigative Team and i think that one of the things that is very exciting today is that there are so many different ways to pursue Investigative Journalism so there is television print, there is also all kind of Digital Ventures ever doing investigative work and all kind of partnerships between the nonprofit organizations, online and broadcasters so theres all kinds of cross fertilization. Abc news teamed up in washington to do an investigative piece about the diagnosis and we partner with all kinds of different outfits to sort of make our resources over there and dig deeper into the various things david was describing which is an important part of the mission which is serious Investigative Journalism that sheds a light where otherwise we can shine the light. Get matters. I would say one of my best memories from 1984 at the observer there was a great investigative producer at the impasse and pat blase Investigative Reporter who made all kind of change through the good Old Fashioned reporting. He also taught me a thing or two about spending and a cut next to his desk. There workups all over with his habit for tobacco. But he taught me a lot about the importance of time it takes to do one good investigative project and months and months on every single project. Tiny graduate student. Thank you so much for an insightful talk. You mentioned quite a lot of times. So my question is can you elaborate on the position regarding youve been trying to nail them in court for quite a while and i know that adc abc ran on how popular in how good was the model. What is your general stance on that . We are in litigation with them in boston. Over the past three or four weeks we have applied to the court for an injunction on the service until this thing could be heard by the court. If thats been the case in a number of different markets. We view the matter as an infringement of our copyright. We produce content and does copyright to the content and we think that they are not in compliance with the copyright statutes and we think that is a problem. So there are a number of broadcasters that were happy to license the content in the same way that we license to the satellite and cable. If they feel that they have a scheme that allows them to have access to the content and we disagree with that and ultimately it may be a matter that goes to the Supreme Court to be resolved. The jobwatch applications are a different story. Its adc content and they are making that available. If i take wcbb content and put on an application with an ip delivered medium, that is our content. We can do with it what we want. But this is the case of someone that we think taking our content input in violation of the copyright statute. So, there is innovation, but part of the challenge that we have as an industry is are people going to be willing to pay for the content that is generated by great journalists in this room and elsewhere. It is a challenge for the industry. There are a lot of people who feel they can have free access to all of this content and we are going to be in a world that cannot sustain itself. We dont get paid for the content that we generate. In a tv station, eda of the revenue that we generate come from advertising revenues. Now we are generating fees from cable. Transmission consent fees from cable and satellite and telco but newspapers and magazines everybody has an issue that we all love content but are you willing to pay for that clacks last week i met a woman named carol who was a photographer of the washington post. She has won four Pulitzer Prizes and i have seen her photographs, but i was unfamiliar with her. And she did a presentation to another university to show the most compelling photographs were different themes with a number of different sets of themes and struck me as i watched that their brilliant and it is a resource to hold on as best they can and they are going to miss out on early and storytelling for geniuses if there are too many cutbacks who is going to go and shoot this stuff that its remarkable. But also, i had the impression that people would be less inclined to steal her photograph and use it for themselves. And she and i talked about this and people would be more inclined to take our video clips off for Television Coverage and go out to market it. Its a more secret medium in some respects the photographys of these great photographers, the disconnect between how to be more respect you for carroll still photography than there would be to the video to winstonsalem. I think that what the answer that question perfectly. [laughter] i am a professor at the school. Thanks again for being here. My first question, and i like a followup, is whether Edward Snowden has contacted your organization and second, how is it that you are talking to your News Executives about what i think essentially has been the year of the whistleblower. How do you think about dealing with whistleblowers in the environment for the government innovation can be shared so easily, Corporate Information can be shared so easily. How do you advise your managers and reporters . Snowden hasnt contacted us. We are trying to contact snowden. I would like to take this opportunity through cspan2 invite mr. Snowden to do an interview with abc news. [laughter] the year of the whistleblower. I would actually note that for as long as journalists have been practicing and in particular the kind of investigative work it is always the year of the whistleblower. We depend as News Organizations on whistleblowers of all different kinds. And i think that there is a technical term for what a whistleblower is under statute that we depend on people of conscience standing up and telling us what is really going on. Sometimes anonymously and sometimes on the record. And i think that i will leave it for others to the date the patriotism and violations of the different laws. But newspapers in Raleigh North Carolina and television stations in the great state of North Carolina and journalists across the land always depended on whistleblowers. As a, we guide our team is always when it comes to whistleblowers to ask all the questions and checkout and a few days to try to ascertain whether or not they have a particular interest in sharing this information and what is the motive. We try to understand what does this person want to say to us. When i was an investigative producer i came to North Carolina and there is a story about the Tobacco Industry with one of the early whistleblowers who works at r. J. Reynolds and wanted to talk about what was going on. Its a conflicting agenda and interest that related that came forward and produced all kind of evidence this person had a mixed motive in coming forward with various axes to grind. Its always whistleblower time and we have to take exercise with very high standards and evaluating what to do and how to do that is it uncommon interest in the national interest. Its important for management, news management to be involved in these kind of story is certainly the case of the network as well. We dont have the depth of experience through the ranks of a typical local station so it is engagement by management. Fenty for being here for this great conversation of. I am a firstyear ph. D. Student here at the journalism school. As someone who is interested in sort of teaching the next generation of journalists, i was wondering if there is anything that you think that we should be teaching our students that me or not at this point something to prepare them for the future. I add my year the interdisciplinary approach that is notable to me that when we interview younger people they have a very broad set of skills and i continue to encourage that to be the case. At the intersection between the media wall and practicing journalism is very important through a lot of other peoples effort the initiative that needs to continue to blossom any significant way. I think nowadays people have to understand technology. They have to understand to have a deep subject matter expertise and i think if i would encourage this university and other universities to be sure that people are trained with debt and not just shallow knowledge that this pejorative kid i shouldnt say that, but limited knowledge of subject matter which is how some people sometimes whitewash tv reporters. And we need for subject matter expertise and i think there is room for a lot more of that. I have something very simple to offer in response, which is that we can think about technology and its disruptions and think about subject matter expertise. I think that something that is sort of one of the prerequisites but then quickly is gone after an introductory course or to his storytelling. Just a simple art of telling the great story. Because i think that for all the students here and for all of the professors and for all of the practitioners we all know that as long as a person entering this business knows how to tell the story it depends on the story itself. Theyre all different ways to tell stories that people will always have work and there will always need storytellers. It doesnt matter what screen is on. It doesnt matter what device it may even be the chip implanted in our heads. There will always be the need for storytelling and a desire for storytelling. There were books and studies about how we as a species relate to and resonate with a good stories. We want stories. It is a gift and art and it is a craft. So with humility i look at some of the artists of storytelling. I always read and i think what could never, ever arranged a word in that way to tell the story that way. But its also a craft and that craft can be mastered by most and that is the art that we can all of reach for the craft can be taught very well and in many places that art of storytelling. I teach science journalism but i have a question actually not related to that. I want to thank you both for your insight sharing with all of us. You mentioned at the beginning bill kellers comment in the oped page you said was the golden age of reporting but also he talked about the dark side as well which is the freelancers are assuming a lot of the burden of International Reporting has major News Organizations cut back and freelancers that are hurt may not have insurance who are abducted as in syria and they may not have a big News Organization to help them if they are killed, their families and not get the aid that they otherwise would have. So, what is the responsibility of the major News Organizations in terms of utilizing freelancers rather than hiring people for fulltime jobs with all the benefits and the strengths of the News Organizations behind them . First of all, let me just acknowledged that one of your first students was our Health Editor at abc news, daniel childs, who was a great contributor and a colleague. He is a reflection of the kind of students that you put out into the world. Abc news is fortunate for what you do every single day. I read the piece and i know very well all these complicated issues about freelancing. And on the one side, the News Organizations that have depended upon for a very long time is not a new phenomenon. We have depended upon freelancers are around the world for a very long time. They perform a vital role in helping us to do the work all over the place. For the furthest reaches of the globe. And there are also some responsibilities, major responsibilities that come with them. And i would say that when i saw the piece i shared that today with a number of our colleagues because there are all kind of initiatives and movements that are of afoot to give more protection to freelancers. We work with a cadre of freelancers and we worked with them for a very long time. But we think that the responsibility is great. When we said this earlier today to some of the my colleagues that the sleepless nights in business has to do with when we sent people into harms way and there are fulltime employees around the world tonight who are in dangerous spots because we are trying to fulfil our mission, our Important Public Service mission. Like you all in the 50th anniversary year yet libel cases against the Institutional Press are as low as they have been in decades at least according to most indicators and i was wondering if that was also your experience on the broadcast side both nationally and on the local level. And if that is so why do you think that might be . I would defer to you on that one. We are on the subject of 300 plus every single year pursuing our stories. We have a lot of legal help. A lot of these issues are settled in progress. A lot of these libelous stories to be a i think everyone takes a more cautious measured approach to how we are trying to respond to such matters as they come not. I guess i am seeing a little bit less of this occurring and i dont know if i have an opinion about what to make on that off the top of my head. I would have to give that a little bit more thought. All i am happy to followup and think about it some more. Off the top of my head i dont. Are you conceding when i ask people like you and talk to people like you and ask them about young people, what are they going to do to bring younger people to broadcast journalism, they talk about the mobile what occasions and screaming and getting to the phones. But what are you going to get people to the actual broadcast . I do not see a lot of innovation, either in the Network Level or the local level. And just the format of the news we are using the same format that we used 30 years ago to it can we react to that . I would say that the format is an indifferently. I think most of the new things that we tried in the explorations that we tried are occurring on the weekends and in the morning news block and i think that this is an evolving circumstances. I do not concede in any way as nextgeneration people wont watch our news. I